韓愈代表作品師說

　　《師說》是唐代大散文家韓愈所作的一篇有名的說理文。以下是小編為您整理的韓愈代表作品師說相關資料，歡迎閱讀！

　　原文

　　古之學者必有師。師者，所以傳道受業解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能無惑？惑而不從師，其為惑也，終不解矣。生乎吾前，其聞道也固先乎吾，吾從而師之；生乎吾后，其聞道也亦先乎吾，吾從而師之。吾師道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故無貴無賤，無長無少，道之所存，師之所存也。

　　嗟乎！師道之不傳也久矣！欲人之無惑也難矣！古之圣人，其出人也遠矣，猶且從師而問焉；今之眾人，其下圣人也亦遠矣，而恥學于師。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以為圣，愚人之所以為愚，其皆出于此乎？愛其子，擇師而教之；于其身也，則恥師焉，惑矣。彼童子之師，授之書而習其句讀者，非吾所謂傳其道解其惑者也。句讀之不知，惑之不解，或師焉，或不焉，小學而大遺，吾未見其明也。巫醫樂師百工之人，不恥相師。士大夫之族，曰師曰弟子云者，則群聚而笑之。問之，則曰：“彼與彼年相若也，道相似也。位卑則足羞，官盛則近諛。”嗚呼！師道之不復可知矣。巫醫樂師百工之人，君子不齒，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也歟！

　　圣人無常師。孔子師郯子、萇弘、師襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其賢不及孔子。孔子曰：三人行，則必有我師。是故弟子不必不如師，師不必賢于弟子，聞道有先后，術業有專攻，如是而已。

　　李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六藝經傳皆通習之，不拘于時，學于余。余嘉其能行古道，作師說以貽之。

　　譯文

　　古代求學的人必定有老師。老師，是用來傳授道理、講授學業、解答疑難問題的。人不是一生下來就懂得道理的，誰能沒有疑惑？有了疑惑，如果不跟老師學習，那些成為疑難的問題,就始終不能解開。出生在我之前的人，他懂得的道理本來就比我早，我跟從他，拜他為老師；出生在我之后的人，如果他懂得道理也比我早，我也跟從他，拜他為老師。我是向他學習道理的，哪管他的年齡比我大還是小呢？因此，無論高低貴賤，無論年長年幼，道理存在的.地方，就是老師所在的地方。

　　唉！古代從師學習的風尚不流傳已經很久了，要人沒有疑惑也難了！古代的圣人，他們超出一般人很遠，尚且要跟從老師請教（他，焉為代詞）；現在的一般人，他們才智不及圣人也很遠，卻以向老師學習為恥。因此，圣人更加圣明，愚人更加愚昧。圣人之所以成為圣人，愚人之所以成為愚人，大概都是由于這個原因吧? 愛自己的孩子，選擇老師來教他。但是對于他自己，卻以跟從老師學習為可恥，真是糊涂啊！那些兒童的老師，教他讀書，學習書中的文句的停頓，并不是我所說的傳授道理，解答疑難問題的老師。不知句子停頓要問老師，有疑惑不能解決卻不愿問老師；小的方面學習了大的卻丟了[2]。我沒有看到他的明達。巫醫、樂師、各種工匠這些人，不以互相學習為恥。士大夫這一類人，聽到稱“老師”稱“弟子”的人，就聚在一起嘲笑他們。問他們，就說：“他和他年齡差不多，懂得的道理也差不多。把地位低的人當做老師，就足以感到恥辱；把官大的人當做老師，就被認為近于諂媚。”哎！求師的風尚難以恢復由此可以知道了！巫醫、樂師、各種工匠這些人，君子不屑一提，現在他們的智慧竟然反而比不上這些人了，這真是奇怪啊！

　　圣人沒有固定的老師，孔子曾以郯子、萇弘、師襄、老聃為師。郯子這些人，賢能都比不上孔子。孔子說：“三人行，則必有我師。”所以學生不一定不如老師，老師不一定比學生賢明。接受道理有早有晚，學問和技藝上各有各的專門研究，如此而已。

　　李家的孩子叫李蟠的，十七歲，喜歡古文，六藝的經文和傳文都普遍地學習了，沒有被時代的風氣所影響，向我學習。我贊賞他能履行古人之道，寫《師說》送給他。

　　作者簡介

　　韓愈（768～824）唐代文學家、哲學家。字退之，河陽（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，漢族。祖籍昌黎（今遼寧義縣），世稱韓昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又稱韓吏部。謚號“文”，又稱韓文公。他是唐代古文運動的倡導者，主張學習先秦兩漢的散文語言，破駢為散，擴大文言文的表達功能。宋代蘇軾稱他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他為唐宋八大家之首，與柳宗元并稱“韓柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名。作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韓愈還是一個語言巨匠。他善于使用前人詞語，又注重當代口語的提煉，得以創造出許多新的語句，其中有不少已成為成語流傳至今，如“落阱下石”、“動輒得咎”、“雜亂無章”等。在思想上是中國「道統」觀念的確立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。

　　韓愈三歲而孤，受兄嫂撫育，早年流離困頓，有讀書經世之志，雖孤貧卻刻苦好學。20歲赴長安考進士，三試不第。25～35歲，他先中進士，三試博學鴻詞科不成，赴汴州董晉、徐州張建封兩節度使幕府任職。后回京任四門博士。36～49歲，任監察御史，因上書論天旱人饑狀，請減免賦稅，貶陽山令。憲宗時北歸，為國子博士，累官至太子右庶子，但不得志。50～57歲，先從裴度征吳元濟，后遷刑部侍郎。因諫迎佛骨，貶潮州刺史。移袁州。不久回朝，歷國子祭酒、兵部侍郎、吏部侍郎、京兆尹等職。政治上較有作為。詩力求險怪新奇，雄渾而重氣勢。

　　韓愈代表作品師說英文版

　　Ancient scholars certainly had teachers. A teacher is one who passes on the truth, imparts knowledge and solves puzzles. Man is not born with knowledge. Who can deny that he has puzzles? These would remain unsolved, should one refuse to be instructed by teachers.

　　The men born before me surely know the truth before me, so I respect them as teachers, whereas those born after me may also know the truth before me, I likewise respect them as teachers. It is the truth that I endeavour to learn. Must I know beforehand whether my teacher was born earlier or later than I? Therefore, no distinction should be made between the noble and the humble or between the young and the old. Where lies the truth, there is a teacher.

　　Alas, it is a long time since the admirable tone of respecting teachers ceased to pass on! How hard it would be to expect a man to be free of puzzles! Sages in olden times outstripped by far the ordinary people. Nevertheless, they had teachers and asked them questions. Nowadays the multitude, though much inferior to sages, are ashamed of being instructed by teachers. As a consequence, sages become more sage, and ignoramuses more ignorant. The wisdom of the former and the stupidity of the latter – are they not all caused by this?

　　Loving parents may select teachers to instruct their children. But when it comes to themselves, they feel it a disgrace to be taught by them. How wrong they must be! The teachers of their children only show them how to read a book sentence by sentence, not to be mentioned in the same breath as those whom I refer to as passing on the truth and solving puzzles. For lack of reading skills, one seeks the help of teachers, while for unsolved puzzles, one acts contrariwise. It is indeed learning the lesser but giving up the greater. I do not see its wisdom.

　　Physicians, musicians and multifarious artisans are not ashamed of learning from each other. But among the gentlefolk, the talk about the teachers and pupils would invite laughter from a gathered company. When asked about the reason, they would say, “The one is equal to the other in age and knowledge.” To be instructed by a man of low social standing is regarded as a disgrace, and by a man of high official rank as a flattery. Alas, it is only conceivable that the noble tone of respecting teachers is lost and hardly retrievable! Physicians, musicians and artisans are refused to be treated as equals by gentlefolks, yet these turn out to be less intelligent than those. Is it not strange?

　　Sages have had no constant teachers. Confucius once learned from Tan Zi as well as from Chang Hong, Shi Xiang and Laozi, though Tan Zi and his like are not on a parity with him in wisdom. Confucius says, “Out of my two fellow-travellers, one must be qualified to be my teacher.” Hence pupils are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers need not always be superior to pupils. Some may know the truth earlier or later than others and each has his own professional specialty – that is all!

　　Li Pan, aged seventeen, is fond of ancient classical writings and have studied all the six arts and their commentaries. Not restrained by the current practice, he has learned from me. As I commend him for his being able to follow the old ways, I am writing this essay “On Teachers” for him.

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