marriage課文翻譯

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marriage課文翻譯

　　marriage，意為婚姻，結婚，各位同學，下面是marriage課文翻譯，請看：

　　marriage課文翻譯

　　marriage課文

　　1 “Conventional people,” says Mr. Bertrand Russell, “like to pretend that

　　difficulties in regard to marriage are a new thing.” I could not help wondering, as I read this sentence, where one can meet these conventional people who think, or pretend to think, as conventional people do. I have known hundreds of conventional people, and I cannot remember one of them who thought the things conventional people seem to think. They were all, for example, convinced that marriage was a state beset with difficulties, and that these difficulties were as old, if not as the hills, at least as the day on which Adam lost a rib and gained a wife. A younger generation of conventional people has grown up in recent years, and it may be that they have a rosier conception of marriage than their ancestors; but the conventional people of the Victorian era were under no illusions on the subject. Their cynical attitude to marriage may be gathered from the enthusiastic reception they gave to Punch?s advice to those about to marry － “Don?t.”

　　2 I doubt, indeed, whether the horrors of marriage were ever depicted more

　　cruelly than during the conventional nineteenth century. The comic papers and music-halls made the miseries a standing dish. “You can always tell whether a man?s married or single from the way he?s dressed,” said the comedian. “Look at the single man: no buttons on his shirt. Look at the married man: no shirt.” The humour was crude; but it went home to the honest Victorian heart. If marriage were to be judged by the songs conventional people used to sing about it in the music-halls, it would seem a hell mainly populated by twins and leech-like mothers-in-law. The rare experiences of Darby and Joan were, it is true, occasionally hymned, reducing strong men smelling strongly of alcohol to reverent silence; but, on the whole, the audience felt more normal when a comedian came out with an anti-marital refrain such as:

　　O why did I leave my little back room In Bloomsbury,

　　Where I could live on a pound a week In luxury

　　(I forget the next line). But since I have married Maria,

　　I?ve jumped out of the frying-pan Into the blooming fire.

　　3 No difficulties? Why, the very nigger-minstrels of my boyhood used to open

　　their performance with a chorus which began:

　　Married! Married! O pity those who?re married. Those who go and take a wife must be very green.

　　4 It is possible that the comedians exaggerated, and that Victorian wives were not

　　all viragos with pokers, who beat their tipsy husbands for staying out too late. But at least they and their audiences refrained from painting marriage as an inevitable Paradise. Even the clergy would go no farther than to say that marriages were made in Heaven. That they did not believe that marriage necessarily ended there is shown by the fact that one of them wrote a “best-seller” bearing the title How to Be Happy Though Married.

　　5 I doubt, indeed, whether common opinion in any age has ever looked on

　　marriage as an untroubled Paradise. I consulted a dictionary of quotations on the subject and discovered that few of the opinions quoted were rose-coloured. These opinions, it may be objected, are the opinions of unconventional people, but it is also true that they are opinions treasured and kept alive by conventional people. We have the reputed saying of the henpecked Socrates, for example, when asked whether it was better to marry or not: “Whichever you do, you will repent.” We have Montaigne writing: “It happens as one sees in cages. The birds outside despair of ever getting in; those inside are equally desirous of getting out.” Bacon is no more prenuptial with his caustic quotation: “He was reputed one of the wise men that made answer to the question when a man should marry: ?A young man not yet; an elder man not at all.?” Burton is far from encouraging! “One was never married, and that?s his hell; another is, and that?s his plague.” Pepys scribbled in his diary: “Strange to say what delight we married people have to see these poor folk decoyed into our condition.”

　　6 The pious Jeremy Taylor was as keenly aware that marriage is not all bliss.

　　“Marriage,” he declared, “hath in it less of beauty and more of safety than the single life － it hath more care but less danger; it is more merry and more sad; it is fuller of sorrows and fuller of joys.” The sentimental and optimistic Steele can do no better than: “The marriage state, with and without the affection suitable to it, is the completest image of Heaven and Hell we are capable of receiving in this life.” 7 Rousseau denied that a perfect marriage had ever been known. “I have often

　　thought,” he wrote, “that if only one could prolong the joy of love in marriage we should have paradise on earth. That is a thing which has never been hitherto.” Dr. Johnson is not quoted in the dictionary; but everyone will remember how, devoted husband though he was, he denied that the state of marriage was natural to man. “Sir,” he declared, “it is so far from being natural for a man and woman to live in a state of marriage that we find all the motives which they have for remaining in that connexion and the restraints which civilised society imposes to prevent separation are hardly sufficient to keep them together.”

　　8 When one reads the things that have been said about marriage from one

　　generation to another, one cannot but be amazed at the courage with which the young go on marrying. Almost everybody, conventional and unconventional, seems to have painted the troubles of marriage in the darkest colours. So pessimistic were the conventional novelists of the nineteenth century about marriage that they seldom dared to prolong their stories beyond the wedding bells. Married people in plays and novels are seldom enviable, and, as time goes on, they seem to get more and more miserable. Even conventional people nowadays enjoy the story of a thoroughly unhappy marriage. It is only fair to say, however, that in modern times we like to imagine that nearly everybody, single as well as married, is unhappy. As social reformers we are all for happiness, but as thinkers and aesthetes we are on the side of misery.

　　9 The truth is that we are a difficulty-conscious generation. Whether or not we

　　make life even more difficult than it would otherwise be by constantly talking about our difficulties I do not know. I sometimes suspect that half our difficulties are imaginary and that if we kept quiet about them they would disappear. Is it quite certain that the ostrich by burying his head in the sand never escapes his pursuers? I look forward to the day when a great naturalist will discover that it is to this practice that the ostrich owes his survival.

　　marriage翻譯

　　婚姻

　　羅伯特·林德

　　伯特蘭·羅素先生說：“凡人百姓喜歡假裝說婚姻中遇到的困難是新鮮事。”當我讀到這句話的時候，不禁覺得奇怪：上哪兒去找這些像凡人百姓那樣思考、或假裝那樣思考的凡人百姓。我認識數以百計的凡人百姓，我想不起來他們當中任何人看似有那些凡人百姓的想法。舉例來說吧，他們都堅信，婚姻是一種充滿困擾的狀態，這些困擾即使不像山脈那樣古老，也如同上帝從亞當身上取下一根肋骨給他創造一個妻子的歷史那么古老。近年來，新一代凡

　　人百姓成長了起來，可能他們對婚姻的想法比先祖來得美好，但維多利亞時代的凡人百姓對這個問題不抱任何幻想。《笨拙》雜志給那些即將步入婚姻殿堂的人們的建議是“別結婚”，而他們對此建議反響熱烈，由此可以看出他們對于婚姻的憤世嫉俗的態度。

　　傳統的19世紀對于恐怖婚姻的描寫異常殘酷，我真懷疑有沒有出其右者。漫畫報紙和音樂廳的表演將婚姻的苦難作為永恒不變的話題。“你總是很容易從一個男人的穿著打扮看出他是否已婚，”喜劇演員如是說。“你看那些單身漢：他們襯衫上沒有紐扣。看看那些已婚人士：他們索性不穿襯衫。”這種幽默很粗鄙，但深得維多利亞時代的誠實人士贊許。假如婚姻用傳統人士在音樂廳里過去經常唱的歌來衡量，那么婚姻就像地獄，主要由雙胞胎和如同水蛭一般惡毒的.岳母或婆婆組成。生活平淡但彼此恩愛的老夫妻并不多見，然而，這樣的故事如果偶爾在歌中吟唱，倒是會令滿嘴酒氣的硬漢肅然起敬。這一點是毫無疑問的。但總體說來，觀眾們如果看到一位喜劇演員唱著反婚姻的副歌出現會覺得比較正常。歌曰：

　　哦，為何我離開位于布盧姆斯伯里的小房間，那里我一周只花費區區一英鎊便可豐衣足食 (下一行我忘了。) 但自從我娶了瑪麗亞，我跳出油鍋又落入熊熊火坑。 3

　　沒有困難嗎？你看，我小時候的黑人歌手們通常以一首合唱開始表演。這首歌開頭是這樣的：

　　結了婚!結了婚!哦，可憐那些結了婚的。那些去找老婆的人可真青澀。

　　有可能這些喜劇演員夸張了，有可能維多利亞時代的悍婦們并不都是揮舞著撥火棍教訓深夜遲歸、醉生夢死的老公的。但至少這些喜劇演員和他們的觀眾不會將婚姻描繪成無人可免的人間天堂。即使是教士們最多也就會說婚姻只應天上有。他們當中的一員甚至寫了一本題為《如何身陷婚姻卻依然快樂》的暢銷書，這便說明他們不相信夫妻一定會在幸福天堂白頭終老。

　　我真的懷疑是否有哪個時代的普遍觀點視婚姻為萬事順利的天堂。我查閱了一本關于婚姻的引語詞典，幾乎沒發現有什么樂觀的看法。也許有反對意見說，這些看法來自那些不循規蹈矩的人們，但確定的是這些觀點被傳統人士視若珍寶。比方說，怕老婆的蘇格拉底被問及到底結婚好還是不結好，他留下了著名的論斷：“無論結不結婚，你都會后悔。”蒙田曾寫道：“看看鳥籠就知道是什么情況了。外面的鳥因為不能飛進鳥籠而充滿絕望；里面的鳥也同樣渴望飛出去。”培根同樣也不支持結婚。他曾尖刻地寫道：“昔有智者答人問何時可婚，曾云：?青年未到時，老年不必矣。?”伯頓的說法也很讓人沮喪：“張三沒結婚，像呆在地獄里；李四結了婚，生活在災禍中。”佩皮斯在日記中信筆寫道：“說來也怪，我們這些已婚人士看到那些可憐的家伙像我們一樣被誘進婚姻這個火坑時，我們是多么高興啊。”

　　虔誠的杰瑞米·泰勒也同樣深刻認識到婚姻并不都是好事。他宣稱：婚姻比單身生活少一份美感，卻多一份安全感——它有更多的關心，卻減少了風險；它令人更加快樂也更加傷心；它充滿了更多的悲哀，也充滿了更多的歡樂。多愁善感又樂觀的斯梯爾說得最好的就是這句話：“婚姻狀態，無論有沒有與其相適的愛戀，提供了我們此生能接收到的天堂和地獄的最完整形象。”

　　盧梭否認完美婚姻的存在。“我常想，”他寫道，“假如我們能在婚姻中延續愛情的快樂，我們將在人間找到天堂。迄今為止這樣的情形都不存在。”在這本引語詞典中我們找不到約翰遜博士說的話，但誰都記得，盡管他是個盡職的丈夫，但他卻否認婚姻狀態對人來說是自然的。“先生，”他說，“要讓一個男人和一個女人生活在婚姻的狀態中，根本不是一件自然的事情，我們發現能讓他們保持這種關系的各種動力以及文明社會強加于他們的種種約束，都不足以保證他們廝守終生。”

　　當人們讀完世世代代關于婚姻的一切評論后，看到年輕人依然奮不顧身結婚的勇氣，不禁感慨萬千。幾乎所有人，凡夫俗子也罷，超凡脫俗者也罷，幾乎都用最灰暗的筆調來描繪婚姻的種種困擾。19世紀傳統小說家對婚姻如此悲觀，以至于他們幾乎不敢把故事延續到婚禮鐘聲敲響之后。戲劇與小說中的已婚人士極少有令人艷羨者，而且隨著斗轉星移，他們的命運似乎越來越悲慘。即便是今天的凡夫俗子對完全不幸福的婚姻故事也喜聞樂見。但是只有這樣說才公平，那就是，當今時代我們喜歡想象幾乎每個人，無論結婚與否，都是不幸福的。作為社會改革家，我們支持婚姻會給人們帶來幸福，但作為思想家和審美家，我們更認同婚姻充滿了痛苦。

　　真實情況是，我們都是對困難敏感的一代。是不是我們不斷談論我們的困難就會真的使生活更加雪上加霜？這一點我不得而知。我有時懷疑我們一半的困難都是想象出來的，如果我們住嘴的話，這些困難就煙消云散了。鴕鳥永遠不可能通過把頭埋在沙子里來逃避追逐者，是否的確如此呢？我期待有朝一日，某位偉大的博物學家會發現，鴕鳥多虧了這種做法才活下來。

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