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三孔中英文導游詞（精選5篇）
導語：山東曲阜孔府、孔廟、孔林，統稱曲阜“三孔”，是中國歷代紀念孔子，推崇儒學表征，以豐厚文化積淀、悠久歷史、宏大規模、豐富文物珍藏，以及科學藝術價值而著稱。以下是小編整理三孔中英文導游詞資料，歡迎閱讀參考。
三孔中英文導游詞 1
英文版
As is known to all, Confucius is the first of the worlds top ten famous people and is called a saint. He is a great thinker and educator in Chinese history and the founder of Confucian culture. Today, I came to qufu, the sages hometown.
We first visited the Confucius temple. The Confucius temple is one of the famous "three holes". Confucius temple is a temple to worship Confucius. The largest Confucius temple in the world, magnificent and magnificent, with the Beijing Palace Museum, chengde summer resort and the three ancient Chinese architecture groups. In 1994, along with kong fu and konglin, they were listed on the world cultural heritage list. It covers an area of more than 200 mu and is located at the gate of qufu. I was deeply impressed by the ancient glazed tile house, magnificent and magnificent. It is said that the Confucius temple was originally the former residence of Confucius. The second year after the death of Confucius, the former residence was transformed into a temple, and the temple of Confucius still holds the Wells that Confucius used to use and the cypress trees planted by his own hands.
Entering the temple, we first see the hongdao gate. It is the large and medium-sized gate that goes on. A guide told us that the large and medium-sized gate was praising Confucius for his thought not to be crooked, not to go up, to be in the middle of the meaning.
After a long walk, we entered the kuiwen pavilion, a strange cypress tree that lit up my eyes. The bark of the cypress trees zigzagged as if it were floating in waves. Legend has it that the emperor qianlong was tired when he came to worship the temple of Confucius, and he rested on the cypress tree for a moment. The cypress tree touched the emperors dragon, the tree became a dragon, this tree is known as the cypress. In response to this, the edge of a tree is like a canopy of cypress trees, but it has been destroyed by thunder fire.
The main building of Confucius temple is dacheng hall. The resplendent and magnificent basilica positive ten pillar, most notably two dragon carved on each post, fit in the clouds, in the whole piece of stone carving, carving exquisite, powerful, art of using saber is bold is qufu unique stone carving art treasures, it is said that the qing emperor qianlong to sacrifice to Confucius qufu, columns with red twill, dare not seen by the emperor, the emperor will be blamed for more than the palace, Im afraid.
The most magnificent in the temple is the almond altar. The almond altar is located in front of the great hall of Confucius. In jin dynasty, people built pavilions on the almond altar. Fang ting heavy eaves, yellow zhu daozhu, under the pavilion and the "xingtan" and qianlongs "almond altar". On the almond altar today, there is no reading aloud, but the sacred smell still lingers in the Confucian temple.
中文版
女士們、先生們：曲阜是我國古代偉大思想家、政治家、教育家孔子故鄉，全國首批公布24個歷史文化名城之一。孔子有句名言：“有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎。”今天，我有幸為各位擔任導游，十分高興。我將盡力為大家提供滿意服務，不足之處，請批評指正。
曲阜概況 在參觀“三孔”之前，請允許我把曲阜概況介紹一下：
曲阜地處魯中山區和魯西南平原交界處，北依泰山，南引嶧山，東連沂蒙群山，西俯千疇平原。地勢東高西低，境內泗河、沂河等河流均自東向西流淌，自古就有“圣人門前倒流水”之說。物產豐富，景色宜人。大詩人李白曾描寫曲阜：“笑夸故人指絕境，山光水色青如蘭”。
曲阜歷史悠久，早在五六千年前，我們祖先就在這里繁衍生息，創造了人類早期文明。不少古籍中，還有炎帝、少吳徙都于曲阜，黃帝生于壽丘(曲阜城東8里 處)，舜于壽丘作什器記載。可見，中國遠古時代最有影響三皇五帝中就有四人在曲阜留下了蹤跡。盡管這是傳說，但也并不是毫無根據。從境內保存下來20余處大汶口文化和龍山文化遺址中仍可見到我們祖先征服自然遺跡。 “曲阜”一名最早見于《禮記》。東漢應劭解釋說：“魯城東有阜，委曲長七八里，故名曲阜。”商代前期，曲阜名奄，是商王朝重要屬國。周代自“封周公于曲阜”800余年，曲阜為魯國都城，是當時我國一個重要政治、經濟、文化中心。春秋時期，孔子首創私人講學之風，“弟子三千，賢者七十有二”遍及全國各地，又成了當時教育中心。魯國是曲阜歷史上黃金時期，以“禮儀之邦”著稱于世，故山東省現仍沿用“魯”作為簡稱。公元前 249年，楚滅魯，置魯縣，秦代屬薛郡，西漢時為魯國都，魏晉南北朝時為魯郡治。隋開皇十六年(596年)，首定曲阜為縣名。宋代改稱仙源縣，金代恢復曲阜縣名至今。1986年撤縣制，始稱曲阜市。現面積為890平方公里，人口60余萬。 悠久歷史，燦爛文化，給曲阜留下了大量文物古跡，主要有110余處，其中孔廟、孔府、孔林及魯國故城遺址被列為全國首批公布重點文物保護單位，另有11處列為全省重要文物保護單位。“三孔”還于1994年被聯合國列為世界文化遺產。
新中國建立后，特別是黨十一屆三中全會以來，黨和對曲阜文物古跡十分關注，國家先后撥款3000多萬元對“三孔”進行了全面修茸。近年來，為了大力發展旅游事業，曲阜又相繼開發建設了孔子六藝城、論語碑苑、魯國盛世華夏文化城等一批新旅游景點，形成自然景觀，新老景點渾然一體，相映生輝旅游資源新格局，成為中外游人向往文化旅游勝地。
孔廟
現在我們參觀孔廟。孔廟位于曲阜城中心，是我國古代封建王朝祭祀孔子地方。
孔 子(公元前551--公元前479年)名丘，字仲尼，誕生于曲阜尼山。春秋末期，他在魯都闕里聚徒講學，傳授“六世”(禮、樂、射、御、書、數)，并在實踐中總結出一套行之有效理論。晚年，他刪《詩》、《書》，訂《禮》、《樂》，贊《周易》，修《春秋》，為傳播文化做出了巨大貢獻：他“祖述堯舜，文武”，集三代文化之大成，創立了“重仁尚禮”儒家學說，把中國古代文化推向了一個新高峰。孔子死后第二年，魯哀公將其生前所居之堂立為廟，“歲時奉祀”。當時只有“廟屋三間”，內藏孔子生前所用衣、冠、琴、車、書等。其后，隨著歷代王朝層層加謚孔子，孔廟不斷得到維修擴建，至明、清時期形成了現在規模。前后九進院落，占地327.5畝，南北長達1公里;共有建筑466間，54座門坊;加之 廟內1700余株古樹，1200余塊碑碣，令人一步三嘆。孔廟與北京故宮、河北承德避暑山莊并稱為中國三大古建筑群，是我國古代勞動人民智慧結晶。二千多年來，游人競相尋蹤憑吊，流連往返。
金聲玉振坊 孔廟第道門坊。“金聲玉振”四個字出自《孟子》：“孔子之謂集大成。集大成者金聲而玉振之也。”“金聲玉振”原意為一首完美樂曲。我國古代奏樂時，以擊鐘(金聲開始，以擊磬玉振)結束。這里比喻孔子思想集古圣先賢之大成，贊揚孔子對文化做出巨大貢獻。此坊建于明代，“金聲玉振”四字為明代著名書法家胡纘宗題寫。 欞星門 孔廟第一道大門。欞星即靈星，古人認為它“主得士之慶”，古代祭天，先要祭祀靈星。孔廟設欞星門，意為尊孔如同尊天。孔子創立儒學及儒家思想統治和影響了中國兩千多年封建社會。所以后人使用了“德侔天地”、“道冠古今”贊譽孔子，意為他給人好處如同天地一樣大，他主張古今來說都是最好。因此，孔廟第一進院落東西兩側腰門題為：德侔天地，道冠古今。圣時門 “圣時”二字出自《孟子》，孟子將中國古代四位圣人做了比較，“伯夷，圣之清者也;伊尹，圣之任者也;柳下惠，圣之和者也;孔子，圣之時者也。”是說在圣人之中孔子是最適合時代。璧水橋過圣時門，豁然洞開，偌大一個庭院，古柏森森，芳草如茵。迎面三架拱橋，為明代所建，因“壅水環繞如璧”，故名“璧水橋”。弘道門孔廟第三道大門，“弘道”二字出自《論語.衛靈公》，“人能弘道，非道弘人”，以贊頌孔子發揚光大了古代正統思想，成為 “千秋帝王之師，萬世人倫之表”。此門意思可以引申為如果人們想在學問上有所成就，就得踏入“弘道之門”，學習包括孔子思想在內一切優秀文化，才能成為社會有用之材。
大中門 是宋代孔廟正門。“大中”是贊揚孔子“中庸之道”。中者天下之正道，庸者天下之定理，不偏之為中，不易之為庸。“中庸之道”即不偏不倚能夠獨立存在天下唯一之正道。
同文門中國宮殿建筑在主體建筑之前，常常有小屏障，以示莊嚴。同文門周無墻垣，子然獨立在奎文閣之前，就擔當著屏障角色。“同文”二字出自《禮記》“書同文，行同倫”。意為統一語言、文化、思想，即整個人類思想統一到孔子思想上來。奎文閣孔廟主體建筑之一，以藏書豐富，建筑獨特而馳名。始建于宋天禧二年(公元1018年)，原名藏書樓，金代重修時改名“奎文閣”。“奎”是星名，二十八宿之一，傳說為西方白虎之道，有星16顆，“屈曲相鉤，似文字之畫”，孝經》中記“奎主文章”，后人進而把奎星演化為文官之首，后代封建帝王把孔子比作天上奎星，遂在孔廟建奎文閣。奎文閣高23.35米，東西闊30.10米，南北深17.62米，三層飛檐，四重斗拱，結構合理，堅固異常，經受了幾百年風風雨雨和多次地震搖撼。據記載清康熙年間一次大地震，曲阜“人間房屋傾者九存者一”，而奎文閣安然無恙，不愧為我國著 名古代木結構建筑杰作。1985年國家撥款120萬元，進行了落架大修，于1987年修茸一新，完全保持了原有風貌。奎文閣內原有藏書均移入孔府檔案館保存。現展出是孔子圣跡圖陳列。
奎文閣前兩側，是四座明代御碑。這些馱碑動物，人們習慣叫“龜馱碑”，實際上它名子叫“P凇保是神話傳說中龍兒子。“龍生九子不成龍”，P詰奶卣魘橇首、龜背、鷹爪、蛇尾，善于負重且能長壽，所以統治者要用它來馱御碑。十三碑亭過奎文閣是十三碑亭院。十三碑亭是專為保存封建皇帝御制石碑而建。亭內共保存唐、宋、金、元、明、清及民國時期碑刻55塊。碑文多是皇帝對孔子追謚加封、拜廟新祭、派官致祭和整修廟宇記錄，由漢文、八思巴文(元代蒙古文)、滿文等文字刻寫。其中最大一塊石碑是清康熙二十五年(1686年)所立，碑 重約35噸，加上馱碑P詮倉卦65噸。這塊巨石采自北京西山，在當時條件下，能將此碑安然運抵千里之外曲阜，實在令人驚嘆。此院東南西南還各有一片叢林似碑碣，真草隸篆，風格各異，可謂集歷代書法流派之大成。另有幾座石碑從側面記載元末紅巾軍、明末劉六、劉七以及徐鴻儒等農民起義情況，是研究中國農民革命史珍貴歷史資料。十三碑亭院北，五門并列將孔廟分成三路。東為承圣門，內為奉祀孔子上五代祖先地方;西為啟圣門，內為奉祀孔子父母地方;中路三門并立，大成門居中，兩邊掖門為金聲門和玉振門。先師手植檜大成門內東側石欄圍護檜樹，是“先師手植檜”，樹東石碑是明萬歷年間楊光訓手書。相傳孔子手植檜原有三棵，后枯死兩棵，唯有此檜生生死死，幾經榮枯留存至今，樹高10余米，粗可合抱。先師手植檜歷來受到重視，過去人們把它看作孔子思想象征，它不僅與孔氏家庭命運聯系在一起，“此檜日茂則孔氏日興”，而且還同封建統治者命運聯系在一起，宋代大書法家米芾為此贊道：“矯龍怪，挺雄質，二千年，敵金石，糾治亂，如一昔。” 杏壇 杏壇相傳是孔子當年講學地方。孔子“設教杏壇”記載最早見于莊子.漁父篇》：“孔子游乎緇帷這林，坐休乎杏壇之上，弟子讀書，孔子弦歌曲阜三孔導游詞曲阜三孔導游詞。”宋天禧二年(1018年)孔子第四十五代孫孔道輔監修孔廟時，將正殿后移，“除地為壇，環植以杏，名曰杏壇。”金代始于壇上建亭，由當時黨懷英篆書“杏壇”二字，現在亭內保存。亭內另一塊石碑是清乾隆皇帝手書“杏壇贊”，：“重來又值燦開時，幾樹東風簇降枝，豈是人間凡卉比，文明終古共春熙。”
大成殿孔廟主體建筑，是祭祀孔子中心場所。“大成”二字出自《孟子》：“孔子之謂集大成”，贊揚孔子思想集古圣賢之大成。大成殿始建于宋天禧二年(1018年)，后毀于火。現存這座大成殿為清代雍正年間重建，高24.8米，闊45.8米，深24.9米，重檐九脊，黃瓦飛甍，雕梁畫棟，氣勢雄偉，與北京故宮太和殿、泰安岱廟天貺殿并稱為東方三大殿。大成殿四周廊下環立28根石雕龍柱，均以整石刻成，高6米，徑長0.8米，為明代弘治 年間徽州工匠刻制。大成殿兩山及后檐18根八棱石柱均為云龍淺雕。最為引人矚目是前檐10根深浮雕龍柱，每柱二龍對翔，盤繞升騰，中刻寶珠，雕刻玲瓏剔透，龍姿栩栩如生，無一雷同，堪稱我國石刻藝術中瑰寶，據說乾隆皇帝來曲阜祭禮孔時，石柱均用紅綾包裹，不敢讓皇帝看到，惟恐皇帝會因超過皇宮而怪罪。大成殿建筑藝術，充分顯示了我國勞動人民聰明才智。大成殿內金壁輝煌，有大型神龕9座，17座塑像，居中一座即是孔子。孔子坐高 3.35米，頭戴十二旒冕，身穿十二章王服，手捧鎮圭，顯得高貴、威嚴，一副君王形象，這是被歷代帝王神化了孔子。實際上孔子真實面目應該是“布衣” 文人形象。孔子塑像兩側神龕內東為“復圣”顏回、“述圣”孔常西為“宗圣”曾參，“亞圣”孟軻，稱為“四配”。再兩側是“十二哲”塑像，除宋儒朱熹外，均為孔子弟子。
大成殿前露臺過去是祭孔時舞蹈奏樂地方。現在每年9月26日曲阜國際孔子文化節開幕式，和9月28日孔子誕辰紀念活動都在此舉行。 兩廡大成殿兩側是東西廡，每廡長163米，原是供奉先賢先儒地方，現為石刻陳列。東廡陳列著漢、魏、隋、唐、宋、元碑刻44塊，堪稱孔廟一絕，是我國珍貴古代文化遺產，對于研究古代書法藝術，文字演變具有重大史料價值。西廡現陳列100多塊“漢畫像石刻”，也是久負盛名藝術珍品，是研究我國漢魏時代社會生活珍貴資料。寢殿是祭祀孔子夫人地方。殿內神龕木雕游龍飛鳳，精美異常，龕內木牌上書“至圣先師夫人神位”。孔子夫人，春秋時期宋國人，復姓亓官，19歲嫁給孔子，先孔子7年去世。關于她情況古籍很少記載，直到宋代才被宋真宗趙恒追封為“鄆國夫人”，元代加封為“大成至圣文宣王夫人”，其后孔子改稱“至圣先師”，她也被稱為“至圣先師夫人”。早期曾有塑像，清雍正年間寢殿遭火災，重建時改為神主牌位。圣跡殿孔廟最后一座建筑。建于明代萬歷年間，由巡按御史何出光主持建造。殿內共有120幅繪畫刻石，反映了孔子一生主要活動和言論，是我國最早有完整人物故事石刻連環畫。孔廟東路為祭祀孔子上五代祖先地方，原為孔子當年故居。詩禮堂是紀念孔子教子學詩禮地方。據《論語.季氏》記載：有一次，孔子站在庭院里見兒子孔鯉從身邊走過，問：“你學詩了沒有?” 孔鯉回答說沒有。孔子說：“不學詩，無以言”，即不學習《詩經》是無法同人交談。于是孔鯉回去后認真地學習《詩經》。隔了一段時間，孔子又問孔鯉，“你學禮了沒有?”孔鯉回答說還沒有。孔子說“不學禮，無以立”，即不學禮是難于立身做人。孔鯉又認真地學習《禮記》。孔子教子學詩學禮故事，歷來被傳為美談。詩禮堂院內有一株唐槐和兩棵銀杏樹，雖歷經千載，仍枝葉茂密，尤其偏西那株雌銀杏，至今仍碩果累累，孔府宴上一道名菜“詩禮銀杏”即來源于此。 孔子故宅井位于詩禮堂后，因是孔子當年吃水井，所以歷來被稱作“圣水”。清乾隆皇帝祭祀孔時曾勺水拜師，在井西側建“飲水拜師”涼亭，內立“故宅井贊”碑1塊，他8次來曲阜，此碑竟有他5次題字，可見其對“圣水”崇拜了。魯壁故宅井東側一段子然獨立紅色墻壁，是為紀念孔子第九代孫孔鮒藏書而建。孔鮒時期正趕秦朝，秦始皇焚書坑儒時候，孔鮒將《尚書》、《禮》、《論語》、《孝經》等儒家經典書籍藏于孔子故宅墻壁內，自己就到嵩山隱居去了，到死也沒回來。漢景帝三年(公元前154年)，魯恭王在擴建王宮拆除孔子故宅時，發現了這些經書，人們稱之為“孔壁古文”，所以后人在此建魯壁，以紀念孔鮒藏書。 孔廟就參觀到這里。現在我們去參觀孔府。
孔府
孔府與孔廟毗鄰，是孔子嫡系長子長孫居住府第，三路布局，九進院落，共有建筑463間，加上后花園，共占地240 畝。 孔府，也稱“衍圣公府”。“衍圣”意思是說“圣道”、“圣裔”能繁衍接續，其子孫可世代相襲、輩輩相衍。隨著孔子謚號追加，歷代帝王對孔子后裔也一再加封，到北宋至和二個(1055年)宋仁宗賜封孔子第四十六代孫孔宗愿為世襲“衍圣公”，達到頂點。這一封號自宋至民國初年延用長達880多年。“衍圣公”是我國封建社會享有特權大貴族。宋代相當于五品官，元代升為三品，明代上升為一品文官，清代不僅班列閣臣之上，還特許在紫禁城騎馬，在宮中御道上行走。當然歷代統治者對“衍圣公”抬舉，主要還是利用“孔子”這塊招牌為自大統治服務！。洪武十年(1377年)，朱元璋下詔令“衍圣公”有權設置官署，同時又特命在闕里故宅以東重建府第。清代在此基礎上又進行了大規模修建。這就是今天人們所看到我國封建社會中典型官衙與內宅合一建筑--孔府。大門大門正中高懸“圣府”金字匾額。門兩旁明柱上對聯：與國咸休安富尊榮公府第，同天并老文章道德圣人家。對聯為清代文人紀昀手書。細心游人會發現上聯中“富”少一點(富)，下聯中“章”字成了破“日”之狀(章)。相傳，孔子第四十二代孫孔光嗣娶親之日，有神仙前來指點，碰到寫“富”字影壁，把 “富”字去了點，并告知孔家“富”字有點不吉。此后，孔府凡書富字皆無點。這叫“寶貴無頂”。又傳說乾隆時，紀昀為孔府書寫門聯，寫到“章”字時數遍皆不中意，遂棄筆安歇，睡夢中見一老翁在他寫“章”字上劃了一筆，成了破“日”之狀，醒后揮筆而書，果然氣勢不凡。這叫“文章通天”。進入孔府大門，由此向后孔府分為三路，東路建有一貫堂、慕恩堂、孔氏家廟等;西路是孔府當年接待貴賓和讀書習禮地方，有紅萼軒、忠恕堂、安懷堂、花廳等;中路是孔府主體建筑，前半部為官衙，后半部為內宅。重光門進入孔府二門，迎面有一座周圍不接垣墻門樓，門上匾額“恩賜重光”，為明皇帝朱厚興頒，因此叫“重光門”。當年，只有帝王大典、迎接圣旨，或進行重大祭祀活動時，才在十三響禮炮聲中將此門打開，所以又稱“儀門”或“塞門”。此門兩側廊房，是孔府管理機構仿照封建王朝六部而設六廳，即：管勾廳、百戶廳、典籍廳、司樂廳、知印廳、掌書廳。各廳長官，由正七品或正六品擔任。
大堂是當年衍圣公宣讀圣旨、接見官員、審理重大案件，以及節日、壽辰舉行儀式地方，里面陳列是正一品爵位使用公案桌、儀仗等。北面靠墻那些紅底金字牌子，是封爵和特權象征，俗稱“十八塊云牌鑾架”。歷代衍圣公持著這些牌子進京，可以暢行無阻。
二堂是衍圣公會見四品以上官僚和受皇帝委托每年替朝廷考試禮學、樂學童生地方。屋內七塊御制石碑，其中有清道光皇帝手書“福壽”碑，慈祥太后手書“壽”字及松鶴圖等。
三堂也叫退廳，是衍圣公接見四品以上官員和處理家庭內部糾紛、處罰府內仆役場所。屋內正中高懸“六代含貽”匾額為乾隆皇帝手書，當時孔府六代同堂，此匾意為六代人和睦相處，生活美滿。內宅門是官衙與內宅分界線。過去此門戒備森嚴，任何人不得擅自入內，否則嚴懲不貸，打死勿論。門兩側耳房內有幾十人輪番值班，隨時向外傳遞信息。
貪壁孔府內宅門內壁上面有一幅狀似麒麟動物，名叫“貪”。傳說是天界神獸，怪誕兇惡，生性饕餮，能吞金銀財寶。盡管在它腳下和周圍全是寶物，連“八仙” 寶貝都為它所有，但它并不滿足，還想吃掉太陽，真可謂貪得無厭了。過去官宦人家常將此畫繪在容易看到地方，借以提醒自己，引以為戒。孔府將“貪”畫在此處，一出門即可看到，是告戒子孫不要貪臟賣法，也算作一條重要家訓吧。
前上房是孔府主人接待至親和近支族人客廳，也是他們舉行家宴和婚喪儀式主要場所。房內陳設華麗，文物古玩，琳瑯滿目。前堂樓為七間二層閣樓，是孔子第七十六代孫，衍圣公孔令貽及其夫人住室。孔令貽清末民國初年人，先后娶孫、陶、豐、王氏為妻。孫氏早逝，娶陶氏;陶氏未生養，娶豐氏。豐氏又過早病逝，于是孔令貽將丫環出身王氏納為妾，先后生了兩個女兒，一個兒子。如今二女兒孔德懋、兒子孔德成尚還健在，均已70多歲。
后堂樓是孔子第七十七代孫孔德成住室。孔德成1920年出生，出生不到兩個月即被當時大總統徐世昌任命為襲封衍圣公。1935年被南京國民政府改授為“大成 至圣先師奉祀官”。1936年與孫琪芳女士結婚。其后大部分時間隨國民政府在重慶和南京，1949年大陸解放前夕從南京遷往臺灣，曾任臺灣考試院院長，現 任“總統府資政”，是臺灣最高官階官員之一。現后堂樓保存著孔德成結婚時原貌。后堂樓院東樓是當年府內女傭做針線活地方，西樓是招待親屬家眷地方。
花園 孔府后花園始建于明弘治十六年(1503年)，前后經過三次大修，占地50余畝。清嘉慶年間，孔子第七十三代孫、衍圣公孔慶g重修時，將數塊大型鐵礦石置于園內，又稱“鐵山園”。園內建有假山、噴泉、曲橋、花塢、亭以及敬花神石壇，賞月涼臺、焚香讀書壇屋等，環境幽雅，景色美麗。特別是已有400多 年歷史“五柏抱槐”一樹五支，中生一株槐樹，是花園內一大奇景。由于世代尊榮，特別是朝廷頻繁賞賜，孔府積攢了大量珍貴文物，約計3萬多件，其中不少是稀世珍寶。今天我們看到僅是其中一部分。孔府還保存著數以萬卷孔府檔案，是研究我國封建社會歷史不可多得第一手資料。孔府就參觀到這里，現在我們去參觀孔林。
孔林
孔林，是孔子及其家庭專用墓地，也是世界上延時最久、規模最大家庭墓地，位于曲阜城北泗水之上，占地三千余畝，周圍垣墻高3米，厚1.5米，長 14.5華里。在這里既可考春秋之葬，證秦漢之墓，又可研究我國歷代政治、經濟、文化發展和喪葬風俗演變歷史。孔林也是目前我國最大人造園林。相傳孔子死后，“弟子各以四方奇木來植，故多異樹”。林內有各種樹木10萬多株，數百種植物。在萬木掩映之中，碑石林立，石像成群，除一批著名漢碑移入孔廟保護外，林內尚有唐、宋、金、元、明、清各代石碑3600多塊，又稱得上名副其實碑林。 過去墓地“風 水”，被孔子后代視作“命根子”。例如，清光緒三十年(1904年)，勘測津浦鐵路時，原計劃經過曲阜，離孔林西墻很近。當時衍圣公孔令貽得此消息十分著急，向朝廷連遞幾件呈文，說鐵路將“震動圣墓”，“破壞圣脈”，使祖宗靈魂不得安寧。結果鐵路到曲阜拐了個大彎，向西南繞行。如果沒有這檔子事，現在人們坐火車到曲阜游覽，就不用先到兗州下車，然后改乘汽車了。
大門孔林大門始建于明代，清代重修。進入孔林大門是一條長約1華里甬道，迎面高大門樓叫“觀樓”，俗稱“二林門”。此門原是古魯國城北門。大門到二門這一段，是孔林前突出部分，類似古代城市建筑月城。
孔尚任墓 位于孔林東北隅，墓碑上書“奉直大夫戶部廣東清吏司員外郎東塘先生之墓”，即是孔尚任墓。孔尚任(1648--1718年)，字聘之，號東塘，自稱云亭山人，是孔子第六十四代孫，我國清初著名劇作家，其代表作是桃花扇》。他出生書香門弟，因屢試不第，中年隱居曲阜石門山。康熙二十三年(1684年)，康熙皇帝來曲阜祭孔時，他被孔府推薦為引駕官，并給皇帝講經，深得褒獎，破格提升為國子監博士。赴京任職期間曾到淮楊一帶治河，通過吊古跡，訪隱士，搜集野史逸聞，對南明王朝覆滅經過有了深切感受。回京后曾任戶部主事，員外郎等職。公余致力于戲曲創作。1699年，昆曲名劇《桃花扇》傳奇脫稿。王公顯貴爭相傳抄，戲班競相演唱，一時轟動京城。該劇以名士候方域與名妓李香君愛情故事為主線，廣泛而深刻地反映了南明王朝滅亡歷史。次年孔尚任卻被罷官回鄉，死后葬于此。他一生著述甚豐，另有詩文《石門山集》、《湖海集》、《岸堂文集》等。
于氏坊位于孔林北側，是孔子七十二代孫、衍圣公孔憲培與其妻于氏之墓。于氏原是清乾隆皇帝女兒，那么為什么改姓于又嫁到孔府呢?這里還有段小故事。據說乾隆女兒臉上有塊黑痣，相術說，這塊痣主災，破災唯一辦法是將她嫁給一個有福人。朝里大臣們議論，天下只有孔圣人后代最有福曲阜三孔導游詞導游。但是當時是滿族統治，按規定滿漢不能通婚。于是有人給皇帝出主意將女兒認漢族大臣、戶部尚書于敏忠為義父，這樣以于家名義嫁到孔府。于氏死后，孔府為其立了這座“鸞音褒德”牌坊。
洙水橋孔林二門內有一條東西橫穿小河，名曰：“洙水河”，因流經孔子墓前，與“圣脈”攸關，故被后世譽為“靈源無窮，宜與天地共長久”“圣水”。洙水本是古 代一條河流，與泗水并稱為“洙泗”，后來成為孟子發祥地代稱。古洙水早已湮沒。河上有橋三座，左右皆為平橋，中間一座拱橋在孔子墓前，名曰：“洙水橋”。
孔子墓甬道洙水橋北迎面綠瓦三楹高臺大門，叫“檔墓門”。過此門即是孔子墓甬道。甬道有四對巨型石雕，名曰：華表、文豹、角端、翁仲。華表又稱“望柱”，是進“天門”標志。文豹形象似豹，腋下噴火，溫順善良。角端傳說日行一萬八千里，通四方語言，明外方幽遠之事。文豹、角端都是想象中怪獸。翁仲，傳說為秦代驍將，威震邊塞，后為對稱，雕文、武兩像，用以守墓。甬道盡頭大殿是祭祀孔子設香壇享殿。解放戰爭時，朱德總司令曾在此召開過軍事會議，所以又成為革命歷史文物。
孔子墓享殿之后紅色墻院內就是孔子及其兒、孫三代墓地。孔子墓似一隆起馬背，稱“馬鬣封”，是一種特殊尊貴筑墓形式。墓前石碑篆刻“大成至圣文宣王墓” 是明正統八年(1443年)黃養正書。孔子于公元前479年去世，當時魯國國君稱他為“尼父”。這是有別于封號最尊貴稱號。孔子有封號始于公元元年，漢平帝追封孔子為公爵，稱“褒成宣尼公”。此后帝王紛紛給孔子封號，至唐開元二十七年(739年)唐玄宗李隆基給孔子謚號“文宣”，始稱“文宣王”。到元武帝于大德十一年(1007年)加封為“大成至圣文宣王”后又稱“至圣先師”、“大成至圣先師”等等。歷代王朝都為孔子封號選擇了最高贊譽之詞，可見孔子思想學說，對歷代統治是何等重要。
孔鯉墓 孔子兒子孔鯉，一生無大作為，年50歲先孔子去世。但因系“圣人”之 子，故被宋徽宗封為“泗水侯”。子貢廬墓處孔子墓西三間房屋為子貢廬墓處。子貢，復姓端木，名賜，字子貢，是孔子得意門生之一，也是孔子弟子中善于經商學生。孔子死后，眾弟子為孔子守墓三年，相訣而去，獨子貢在此又守三年。后人為紀念此事，建屋三間，立碑一座，題為“子貢廬墓處”。
孔襯 孔子孫子孔(前483--前402年)，是我國戰國時期著名哲學家和思想家，孔子在世時，孔成心曖住？鬃鈾籃螅孔嘲菰子為師。曾子，姓曾，名參，是孔子得意門生，繼承了孔子學說真諦，并傳授給孔場Ｔ子著有《大學》等書。據記載論語> >也是以曾子教學講義為藍本，由他門人弟子編輯而成。孔城斃難芯靠鬃友說，著成《中庸》一書。孔車難生又把孔子思想學說傳給孟子，孟子上承孔子之學，著成《孟子》一書
以上《論語》、《大學》、《中庸》、《孟子》古稱“四書”，是儒學經典著作。由此可見孔呈僑寮宜枷胙派承上啟下關鍵人物。歷史進入到當代，孔子和他創立儒家思想學說并未與時俱去。長期以來，特別是改革開放以來，國內孔子研究空前活躍，國際上也出現了一股“儒學研究熱”，以探討和重新評價孔子和儒學當代社會價值。由此我們相信，它必定推動曲阜旅游事業進一步發展，帶來空前繁榮。
三孔中英文導游詞 2
開場
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius and the cradle of Confucian culture. Today, we are going to visit the world - famous "Three Confucian Sites", namely, the Confucius Temple, the Confucius Mansion, and the Confucius Forest. These sites not only bear witness to the long - standing history of Confucianism but also showcase the profound cultural heritage of China.
孔廟講解
Now, we are at the Confucius Temple, also known as the Temple of the Sage. It was first built in 478 BC, one year after Confucius passing, on the site of his former residence by Duke Ai of Lu. Over the dynasties, it has been continuously renovated and expanded, and now it has a grand scale with a length of 630 meters and a width of 140 meters, consisting of more than 460 halls, pavilions, and altars, 54 memorial arches, and 13 "Imperial Stele Pavilions".
As we enter the temple, the first thing we see is the "Golden Sound and Jade Vibration Archway". The inscription "Golden Sound and Jade Vibration" comes from Mencius praise of Confucius. In ancient music, the performance began with the sound of bells (golden sound) and ended with the sound of chimes (jade vibration). This implies that Confucius thoughts are a culmination of the wisdom of sages and virtuous people from ancient times to his era, highlighting his great contribution to the integration of Chinese ancient culture and thought.
Walking forward, we come to the Lingxing Gate. The Lingxing Gate was built to show that respecting Confucius is like respecting the heaven. The gate is structured with lattice - like patterns, symbolizing the free flow of knowledge and the aspiration to attract scholars from all over the world to study here.
Next is the Shengshi Gate. The term "Shengshi" comes from Mencius evaluation of Confucius. Mencius believed that among the ancient sages, Boyi was "the purest sage", Yi Yin was "the most responsible sage", and Liu Xiahui was "the most harmonious sage". However, Confucius was the one who was best at adapting to the times, gathering the best qualities of these sages, and thus was called "the sage of the times".
The main building of the Confucius Temple is the Dacheng Hall. The name "Dacheng" also reflects Mencius praise for Confucius, meaning that Confucius had achieved the highest level of integrating the wisdom of ancient sages. Inside the Dacheng Hall, there is a statue of Confucius, and above it, there are plaques inscribed with words like "There has never been such a man since the birth of mankind" by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, and "The Master of All Ages" by Emperor Kangxi. Around the statue of Confucius, there are also the statues of the "Four Sub - sages", "Twelve Philosophers", etc., representing the inheritance and development of Confucian thought.
孔府講解
Leaving the Confucius Temple, we now come to the Confucius Mansion, also known as the Yansheng Dukes Mansion. It is the residence of the direct descendants of Confucius, the eldest sons and grandsons. With a vast area of 240 mu, it is a tyhttps://p.9136.com/1lbination of a feudal officials office and residence.
The gate of the Confucius Mansion is a five - bay, purlin - supported, gable - roofed building. The plaque on the gate reads "Shengfu", written by Yan Song of the Ming Dynasty. On both sides of the gate, there is a couplet: "The Dukes mansion enjoys prosperity and honor, co - existing with the country; The sages family has profound culture and morality, as eternal as the sky." Notice that in the character "fu" (prosperity) in the couplet, there is one dot missing at the top, which means "limitless prosperity", and in the character "zhang" (article), the vertical stroke extends through the top, symbolizing "transcending - the - sky knowledge".
Entering the mansion, we pass through the Second Gate, on which there is a vertical plaque "The Gate of the Sage" written by Li Dongyang, a poet, the Minister of Rites, and a member of the Wen 淵 Pavilion in the Ming Dynasty. Then we come to the Chongguang Gate. This gate was built in 1503 AD. It is a unique screen - style gate that stands independently in the courtyard and is not connected to the surrounding walls. Usually, it is closed and only opened during grand ceremonies, imperial visits, or important Confucian sacrifices.
The Daitang Hall is where the Yansheng Duke announced imperial edicts, received officials, enforced family rules, and tried major cases. In the hall, there is a warm - pavilion decorated with flowing clouds and the Eight Treasures. In the center, there is a grand masters chair covered with a tiger skin, and in front of it, there is a long and tall red - painted desk filled with writing tools, seal boxes, and bamboo slips for official use.
孔林講解
Finally, we arrive at the Confucius Forest, also called the Forest of the Sage. It is the exclusive cemetery of Confucius and his descendants, covering an area of more than 3000 mu with a perimeter wall of over 5600 meters. There are thousands of ancient trees and rare plants inside.
When we enter the Confucius Forest, we can see the Wangu Changchun Archway, which means that Confucius thoughts will last forever like the ever - green pine and cypress. Walking along the path, we can find the tombs of generations of Confucius descendants. The most important one, of course, is the tomb of Confucius himself. His tomb is simple yet solemn, surrounded by his disciples tombs, symbolizing their eternal companionship.
Throughout the Confucius Forest, there are many steles inscribed with inscriptions by famous calligraphers of past dynasties, making it a veritable forest of steles. These steles not only record the history of the Confucius family but also reflect the development and inheritance of Confucian culture.
結尾
Ladies and gentlemen, our visit to the "Three Confucian Sites" has come to an end. I hope this trip has allowed you to have a deeper understanding and appreciation of Confucius and Confucian culture. Thank you for your attention and cooperation. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask.
中文翻譯
女士們、先生們，歡迎來到孔子的故鄉曲阜，這里是儒家文化的搖籃。今天，我們將參觀舉世聞名的 “三孔”，即孔廟、孔府和孔林。這些景點不僅見證了儒家思想源遠流長的歷史，也展示了中國深厚的文化底蘊。
現在，我們來到了孔廟，又稱至圣廟。它始建于公元前 478 年，孔子去世后的第二年，由魯哀公在孔子生前的故居上改建而成。歷經各朝各代的不斷修繕和擴建，如今它規模宏大，長 630 米，寬 140 米，擁有殿、堂、壇、閣 460 多間，門坊 54 座，“御碑亭” 13 座。
當我們進入孔廟，首先映入眼簾的是 “金聲玉振坊”。坊上題字 “金聲玉振” 出自孟子對孔子的`贊譽。在古代音樂中，演奏以鐘聲（金聲）開始，以磬聲（玉振）結束。這意味著孔子的思想是集遠古至他那個時代所有圣賢大德思想成果之大成，彰顯了他對中國古代文化思想融合所做出的巨大貢獻。
往前走，我們來到欞星門。孔廟建造欞星門，表示尊孔如同尊天。這扇門由欞子結構組成，有疏通之意，寓意吸引天下文人學士到此學習。
接著是圣時門。“圣時” 二字源于孟子對孔子的評價。孟子認為，古代圣賢中，伯夷是 “圣之清者”，伊尹是 “圣之任者”，柳下惠是 “圣之和者”。而孔子則最善于審時度勢，集這些圣賢的優點于一身，因此被稱為 “圣之時者”。
孔廟的主體建筑是大成殿。“大成” 這個名字也體現了孟子對孔子的稱贊，意思是孔子達到了集古圣先賢之大成的至高境界。大成殿內供奉著孔子像，上方懸掛著雍正皇帝御筆親書的 “生民未有” 匾額，以及康熙皇帝題寫的 “萬世師表” 匾額。孔子像周圍還供奉著 “四配”“十二哲” 等的塑像，代表著儒家思想的傳承與發展。
離開孔廟，我們現在來到了孔府，也就是衍圣公府。它是孔子嫡系長子長孫居住的府第，占地 240 畝，是典型的封建社會衙宅合一的建筑。
孔府大門是一座五間檁懸山式建筑，門上匾額 “圣府” 二字為明朝嚴嵩所書。大門兩側有一副對聯：“與國咸休安富尊榮公府第，同天并老文章道德圣人家”。注意，對聯中的 “富” 字上面少一點，寓意 “富貴無頭”；“章” 字一豎通到上面立字，寓意 “文章通天”。
進入府內，我們穿過二門，門上高懸著明代詩人、吏部尚書、文淵閣大學士李東陽手書的 “圣人之門” 豎匾。接著來到重光門。此門建于公元 1503 年，是一座獨特的屏門，獨立于院中，不與周圍圍墻相連。平時它是關閉的，只有在舉行大典、皇帝臨幸或重要祭孔儀式時才會打開。
大堂是當年衍圣公宣讀圣旨、接見官員、申飭家法族規、審理重大案件以及舉行節日、壽辰儀式的地方。堂內有一個繪流云、八寶的暖閣，正中的太師椅上披著一張斑斕虎皮，椅前狹長高大的紅漆公案上，擺放著文房四寶、印盒、簽筒。
最后，我們來到了孔林，又稱至圣林。它是孔子及其家族的專用墓地，占地 3000 余畝，圍墻長 5600 多米，里面有上千類、10 萬余株古樹名木。
進入孔林，我們可以看到萬古長春坊，寓意孔子的思想如松柏長青，萬古不衰。沿著小路前行，我們能找到孔子歷代后裔的墓葬。其中最重要的，當然是孔子本人的墓。他的墓簡潔而莊重，周圍環繞著他弟子的墓，象征著他們的永恒相伴。
在整個孔林中，有許多石碑，上面刻有歷代著名書法家的題字，使其成為名副其實的碑林。這些石碑不僅記錄了孔氏家族的歷史，也反映了儒家文化的發展與傳承。
女士們、先生們，我們對 “三孔” 的參觀即將結束。希望這次旅行能讓您對孔子和儒家文化有更深入的理解和欣賞。感謝您的關注與配合。如果您有任何問題，請隨時提問。
三孔中英文導游詞 3
開場
Dear friends, welcome to Qufu, a city full of historical and cultural charm. Here, we are going to explore the "Three Confucian Sites", which are of great significance in the history of Chinese culture. These sites are not only architectural masterpieces but also the carriers of Confucius profound thoughts.
孔廟講解
Lets start with the Confucius Temple. It is a place dedicated to commemorating Confucius. The construction of the temple began in 478 BC. After continuous expansion and renovation in different dynasties, it has formed a magnificent complex.
The first archway we see is the "Golden Sound and Jade Vibration Archway". It symbolizes that Confucius thoughts are a perfect combination of various excellent ideas, just like the harmonious beginning and end of a beautiful piece of music.
Passing through the Lingxing Gate, we enter the world of Confucian learning. The Lingxing Gate represents the connection between the human world and the world of sages, and it is also a symbol of the pursuit of knowledge.
The Shengshi Gate implies that Confucius was a sage who could adapt to different times. His thoughts were not only applicable in his era but also had a profound impact on later generations.
The Dacheng Hall is the core of the Confucius Temple. With its magnificent architecture, it shows the lofty status of Confucius. In the hall, the statue of Confucius is solemn, and the inscriptions on the plaques above express peoples respect and praise for him. Around the statue, there are the statues of his disciples who made important contributions to the spread of Confucianism.
孔府講解
Now, we move on to the Confucius Mansion. It is the residence of the direct descendants of Confucius, the Yansheng Dukes family. The mansion has a long history and a grand layout.
The gate of the Confucius Mansion is very imposing. The couplet on the gate reflects the noble status and profound culture of the Confucius family. The unique writing of the characters in the couplet contains special meanings, expressing the prosperity and high - level knowledge of the family.
Inside the mansion, the Second Gate, also known as the "Gate of the Sage", shows the respect for Confucius. The Chongguang Gate, which is usually closed, is opened only on special occasions, adding a sense of solemnity to the mansion.
The Daitang Hall is an important place in the mansion. Here, the Yansheng Duke handled various affairs, and the furnishings in the hall show the dignity and power of the family.
孔林講解
Finally, we come to the Confucius Forest. It is not only a cemetery but also a living museum of history and culture. With a large number of ancient trees and tombs, it has witnessed the inheritance of the Confucius family for thousands of years.
The Wangu Changchun Archway at the entrance of the Confucius Forest symbolizes the eternal value of Confucius thoughts. As we walk in the forest, we can feel the solemn atmosphere. The tombs of Confucius and his descendants are well - preserved, and the steles beside the tombs record their life stories and contributions.
The ancient trees in the Confucius Forest are also remarkable. Some of them are hundreds of years old, and they stand as silent witnesses to the passage of time.
結尾
Dear friends, our journey through the "Three Confucian Sites" has come to an end. I believe that this visit has left you with a deep impression of Confucius and his great thoughts. If you have any thoughts or feelings, please share them with us. Thank you for your participation.
中文翻譯
親愛的朋友們，歡迎來到充滿歷史文化魅力的曲阜。在這里，我們將探索在中國文化史上具有重大意義的 “三孔”。這些景點不僅是建筑杰作，更是孔子深邃思想的載體。
讓我們從孔廟開始。它是一個專門紀念孔子的地方。孔廟始建于公元前 478 年，經過不同朝代的不斷擴建和修繕，已形成一座宏偉的建筑群。
我們看到的第一座牌坊是 “金聲玉振坊”。它象征著孔子的思想是各種優秀思想的完美融合，就像一首美妙音樂的和諧起始與終結。
穿過欞星門，我們進入了儒家學問的世界。欞星門代表著人間與圣賢世界的聯系，也是對知識追求的象征。
圣時門意味著孔子是一位能適應不同時代的圣人。他的思想不僅在他所處的時代適用，而且對后世產生了深遠影響。
大成殿是孔廟的核心。其宏偉的建筑展現了孔子的崇高地位。殿內，孔子的塑像莊嚴肅穆，上方匾額上的題字表達了人們對他的尊敬與贊揚。塑像周圍是為儒家思想傳播做出重要貢獻的.弟子們的塑像。
現在，我們前往孔府。它是孔子嫡系后裔衍圣公家族的住所。孔府歷史悠久，布局宏大。
孔府大門十分威嚴。大門上的對聯體現了孔氏家族的高貴地位和深厚文化。對聯中文字的獨特寫法蘊含特殊含義，表達了家族的繁榮和高深學識。
在府內，二門又稱 “圣人之門”，顯示了對孔子的尊崇。通常關閉的重光門，只在特殊場合開啟，為府第增添了莊重之感。
大堂是孔府內的重要場所。在這里，衍圣公處理各種事務，堂內的陳設展示了家族的尊嚴和權力。
最后，我們來到孔林。它不僅是一個墓地，更是一座活生生的歷史文化博物館。這里有大量古樹和墓葬，見證了孔氏家族數千年的傳承。
孔林入口處的萬古長春坊象征著孔子思想的永恒價值。當我們在林中漫步時，可以感受到莊嚴的氛圍。孔子及其后裔的墓葬保存完好，墓旁的石碑記錄了他們的生平事跡和貢獻。
孔林中的古樹也十分引人注目。有些樹已有數百年歷史，它們像沉默的見證者，目睹了歲月的流逝。
親愛的朋友們，我們對 “三孔” 的旅程即將結束。我相信這次參觀給您留下了對孔子及其偉大思想的深刻印象。如果您有任何想法或感受，請與我們分享。感謝您的參與。
三孔中英文導游詞 4
中文
尊敬的各位游客：
大家好！歡迎大家來到山東曲阜，今天我們將一同參觀聞名遐邇的 “三孔” 景區，即孔廟、孔府和孔林。曲阜，作為我國古代偉大思想家、政治家、教育家孔子的故鄉，是全國首批 24 個歷史文化名城之一，承載著深厚的歷史底蘊與文化內涵。
我們首先來到的是孔廟。孔廟，又被稱作 “至圣廟”，是祭祀孔子及其夫人亓官氏和 72 賢人的場所 。它始建于公元前 478 年，也就是孔子去世后的第二年，最初是在孔子的故居基礎上改建而成的。歷經各朝各代的不斷修繕與擴建，如今的孔廟規模宏大，占地面積超過 200 畝。其建筑風格仿照皇宮制度，分為三路布局，九進院落。孔廟與北京故宮、河北承德避暑山莊并稱為中國三大古建筑群，建筑時間最為久遠、保存最為完整，東方建筑特色極為突出。走進孔廟，我們首先看到的是弘道門。再往前走，就來到了奎文閣，這里有一棵奇特的柏樹，樹皮蜿蜒曲折，好似波浪浮動，傳說乾隆皇帝來此祭祀孔廟時，曾在這棵樹上靠坐休息，柏樹沾染了皇帝的龍氣，化為了龍，因此這棵樹被稱為 “龍柏”。孔廟的主體建筑是大成殿，殿宇正面有十根石柱，每根石柱上都雕刻著兩條巨龍，在云朵間穿梭，整根石柱為一整塊石材雕刻而成，雕刻工藝精湛、氣勢磅礴，是曲阜獨有的石刻藝術瑰寶。據說，清朝乾隆皇帝到曲阜祭祀孔子時，要用紅綾將這些石柱包裹起來，生怕皇帝看到后怪罪，因為這些石柱的雕刻比皇宮的還要精美。在孔廟中，最為莊嚴肅穆的當屬杏壇了。杏壇位于孔子大成殿前，金代時人們在杏壇上建亭，方亭重檐，黃朱大柱，亭下有 “杏壇” 碑和乾隆皇帝御筆親題的 “杏壇贊” 碑。如今的杏壇，雖已沒有了當年的朗朗讀書聲，但那份神圣的氣息依然在孔廟中縈繞。
接著，我們來到孔府。孔府，也就是 “衍圣公府”，是孔子嫡系長子長孫居住的府第 ，有 “天下第一家” 的美譽。它規模宏大，占地 240 畝，是典型的封建社會衙宅合一的建筑。孔府大門為五間檁懸山式建筑，門匾上 “圣府” 二字為明朝嚴嵩所書。門兩邊的對聯 “與國咸休安富尊榮公府第，同天并老文章道德圣人家”，其中 “富” 字上面少一點，寓意 “富貴無頭”；“章” 字一豎通到上面立字，寓意 “文章通天”，形象地體現出了 “圣人家” 千百年來的顯赫氣派。進入二門，迎面是一座精致的屏門 —— 重光門。此門建于明弘治十六年，平時并不開啟，只有在孔府舉行大典、皇帝臨幸、宣讀詔旨和舉行重大祭孔禮儀時才會打開 。孔府仿照封建王朝的六部設立了六廳，用于管理孔府事務。再往后走，我們能看到孔府大堂，這里是當年衍圣公宣讀圣旨、接見官員、申飭家法族規、審理重大案件以及舉行節日、壽辰儀式的地方 。大堂中央有繪流云、八寶的`暖閣，太師椅上鋪著虎皮，公案上擺放著文房四寶、印盒、簽筒等。大堂正中懸掛著 “統攝宗姓” 匾，彰顯著衍圣公在孔氏家族中的特權。
最后，我們前往孔林。孔林，又稱 “至圣林”，是孔子及其家族的專用墓地 ，占地 3000 余畝，圍墻長達 5600 多米，是世界上延時最久、規模最大的家族墓地 。這里古木參天，有上千類、10 萬余株古樹名木。相傳孔子去世后，弟子們從各地帶來奇木種植在這里，因此孔林內樹木種類繁多。漫步在孔林中，碑石林立，石儀成群，各類墓碑、題記有 4000 余塊，石儀、門坊 300 余座 。除了部分著名漢碑被移入孔廟外，林內還有李格非、吳寬、黃養正、嚴嵩、孔尚任等眾多著名人士及孔子嫡系后裔題寫的墓碑文 。孔林不僅是一座家族墓地，更像是一座天然的植物園和露天博物館，從中我們既能考證春秋時期的喪葬習俗，也能研究我國歷代經濟、文化發展和喪葬風俗的演變 。
希望今天的 “三孔” 之行，能讓大家深刻感受到孔子思想和儒家文化的博大精深，也希望大家在今后的生活中，能將儒家的智慧運用到實際，收獲更多的人生感悟。
英文
Distinguished visitors,
Hello! Welcome to Qufu, Shandong. Today, we will visit the renowned "Three Confucian Sites" scenic area, namely the Confucian Temple, Confucian Mansion, and Confucian Forest. Qufu, as the hometown of Confucius, the great ancient Chinese thinker, statesman, and educator, is one of the first batch of 24 historical and cultural cities in China, carrying profound historical heritage and cultural connotations.
First, we come to the Confucian Temple. Also known as the "Temple of the Great Sage," it is a place to worship Confucius, his wife Qi Guanshi, and 72 sages. It was first built in 478 BC, the second year after Confucius death, initially rebuilt on the site of Confucius former residence. Through continuous renovations and expansions in successive dynasties, the current Confucian Temple is grand in scale, covering an area of over 200 mu. Its architectural style follows the imperial palace system, divided into three routes and nine courtyards. The Confucian Temple, together with the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Chengde Mountain Resort in Hebei, is known as one of the three major ancient architectural complexes in China. It has the longest construction history, is the best-preserved, and has extremely prominent Eastern architectural features. Entering the Confucian Temple, the first thing we see is the Hongdao Gate. Moving forward, we come to the Kuiwen Pavilion. Here, there is a peculiar cypress tree with winding bark, like undulating waves. Legend has it that when Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty came to sacrifice at the Confucian Temple, he took a rest against this tree. The cypress tree absorbed the emperors dragon spirit and turned into a dragon, so this tree is called the "Dragon Cypress." The main building of the Confucian Temple is the Dacheng Hall. There are ten stone pillars on the front of the hall, with two dragons carved on each pillar, shuttling among the clouds. The entire stone pillar is carved from a single piece of stone, with exquisite carving techniques and magnificent momentum, being a unique stone carving art treasure in Qufu. It is said that when Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty came to Qufu to sacrifice to Confucius, these stone pillars had to be wrapped with red silk for fear that the emperor would be angry if he saw them, because the carvings on these stone pillars are more exquisite than those in the imperial palace. In the Confucian Temple, the most solemn place is the Xingtan. The Xingtan is located in front of the Dacheng Hall of Confucius. In the Jin Dynasty, a pavilion was built on the Xingtan. The square pavilion has double eaves, yellow and red pillars, and there are steles of "Xingtan" and Emperor Qianlongs inscription "Ode to Xingtan" under the pavilion. Nowadays, although there are no more the sound of reading aloud, the sacred atmosphere still lingers in the Confucian Temple.
Next, we come to the Confucian Mansion. The Confucian Mansion, also known as the "Mansion of the Duke of Yansheng," is the residence of the eldest son and grandson of Confucius direct line, enjoying the reputation of the "No.1 Mansion in the World." It is grand in scale, covering an area of 240 mu, and is a typical feudal society building integrating the yamen and residence. The gate of the Confucian Mansion is a five-bay xuan-shan style building, and the plaque "Shengfu" on the gate was written by Yan Song of the Ming Dynasty. The couplets on both sides of the gate, "The mansion of the Duke, in harmony with the country, enjoys wealth, honor, and dignity; the family of the sage, coeval with heaven, has profound learning and virtue," in which the character "富 (fu, wealth)" has a dot missing on the top, meaning "limitless wealth," and the vertical stroke of the character "章 (zhang, writing)" extends to the top, meaning "outstanding writing." This vividly reflects the prominent style of the "family of the sage" over thousands of years. Entering the second gate, a delicate screen door - the Chongguang Gate - stands in front of us. This gate was built in the 16th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty and is usually not opened. It is only opened when grand ceremonies are held in the Confucian Mansion, when the emperor visits, when imperial edicts are read, and when major Confucian sacrifice ceremonies are held. The Confucian Mansion set up six halls modeled after the six ministries of the feudal dynasty to manage the affairs of the Confucian Mansion. Moving further back, we can see the main hall of the Confucian Mansion. This was the place where the Duke of Yansheng read imperial edicts, received officials, reprimanded family rules, tried major cases, and held festivals and birthday ceremonies in the past. In the center of the main hall, there is a warm pavilion painted with flowing clouds and eight treasures. There is a tiger skin on the grand masters chair, and there are writing brushes, inkstones, paper, ink boxes, and bamboo slips on the public case. In the center of the main hall, a plaque "Unifying the Confucian Clan" is hung, demonstrating the privileges of the Duke of Yansheng in the Confucian family.
Finally, we head to the Confucian Forest. The Confucian Forest, also known as the "Forest of the Great Sage," is the exclusive cemetery of Confucius and his family. It covers an area of more than 3,000 mu, with a perimeter wall of more than 5,600 meters. It is the worlds longest-lasting and largest family cemetery. There are towering ancient trees here, with more than 100,000 ancient and famous trees of thousands of species. Legend has it that after Confucius death, his disciples brought rare trees from various places and planted them here, so there are a wide variety of trees in the Confucian Forest. Wandering in the Confucian Forest, there are numerous steles and stone sculptures. There are more than 4,000 tombstones and inscriptions of various kinds, and more than 300 stone sculptures and gate arches. Besides some famous Han steles that have been moved into the Confucian Temple, there are also tomb inscriptions written by many famous people such as Li Gefei, Wu Kuan, Huang Yangzheng, Yan Song, and Kong Shangren, as well as the direct descendants of Confucius. The Confucian Forest is not only a family cemetery but also like a natural botanical garden and an open-air museum. From it, we can verify the burial customs of the Spring and Autumn Period and study the development of Chinas economy, culture, and the evolution of burial customs in successive dynasties.
I hope todays trip to the "Three Confucian Sites" can let you deeply feel the profoundness of Confucius thoughts and Confucian culture. Also, I hope that in your future life, you can apply the wisdom of Confucianism to practice and gain more life insights.
三孔中英文導游詞 5
開場
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Qufu, the birthplace of Confucius and the cradle of Confucian culture. Today, we are going to explore the world - renowned "Three Confucian Sites", namely the Confucius Temple, the Confucius Mansion, and the Confucius Forest. These sites, steeped in over 2,000 years of history, are not only architectural marvels but also living testaments to the profound influence of Confucius teachings.
孔廟講解
Now, we arrive at the Confucius Temple, a place of great veneration dedicated to commemorating Confucius. It was initially constructed in 478 BC, just one year after Confucius passing. Over the course of successive dynasties, it has undergone continuous expansion and renovation, resulting in its current grand scale.
The first structure we encounter is the "Golden Sound and Jade Vibration Archway". This archway symbolizes the harmonious integration of Confucius thoughts, much like the harmonious beginning and ending of a beautiful musical composition. The "golden sound" represents the initiation of learning and the pursuit of knowledge, while the "jade vibration" implies the culmination and refinement of wisdom.
Proceeding forward, we come to the Lingxing Gate. In ancient times, the lingxing star was associated with talent and scholars. The construction of this gate here indicates that the Confucius Temple is a place where knowledge is revered and scholars are nurtured. It also serves as a symbolic passage for people to enter the realm of Confucian learning.
Next is the Shengshi Gate. The term "Shengshi" was used by Mencius to describe Confucius. It means that Confucius was a sage who could adapt to different times and circumstances. His teachings were not bound by the limitations of his era but were applicable and relevant in various historical periods, demonstrating his remarkable wisdom and foresight.
The Dacheng Hall is the core and most magnificent building of the Confucius Temple. The name "Dacheng" implies that Confucius had achieved the highest level of accomplishment by integrating the wisdom and virtues of all previous sages. Inside the hall, there stands a solemn statue of Confucius, surrounded by the statues of his disciples, such as the "Four Sub - sages" and "Twelve Philosophers". These statues represent the inheritance and development of Confucian thought, with each disciple making unique contributions to spreading and interpreting Confucius teachings.
孔府講解
Leaving the Confucius Temple, we now step into the Confucius Mansion, also known as the Yansheng Dukes Mansion. It has been the residence of the direct descendants of Confucius for generations. The mansion is a harmonious combination of a feudal officials office and a family residence, covering a vast area of 240 mu.
The main gate of the Confucius Mansion is a stately five - bay building with a purlin - supported, gable - roofed structure. The plaque on the gate, inscribed with "Shengfu", was written by Yan Song during the Ming Dynasty. On either side of the gate, there is an imposing couplet. Noticeably, in the character "fu" (prosperity) of the couplet, the dot at the top is missing, symbolizing "limitless prosperity", while in the character "zhang" (article), the vertical stroke extends above the top, signifying "transcending - the - sky knowledge", which vividly reflects the noble status and profound learning of the Confucius family.
As we enter the mansion, we pass through the Second Gate, on which the vertical plaque "The Gate of the Sage" was inscribed by Li Dongyang, a prominent figure in the Ming Dynasty. Further in, the Chongguang Gate is a unique and independent screen - style gate. It is usually kept closed and only opened during grand ceremonies, imperial visits, or important Confucian sacrificial activities, adding an air of solemnity and mystery to the mansion.
The Daitang Hall is the place where the Yansheng Duke handled important affairs, such as announcing imperial edicts, receiving officials, and enforcing family rules. Inside the hall, the warm - pavilion is decorated with flowing - cloud and Eight - Treasures patterns. The grand masters chair, covered with a tiger skin, and the long, tall red - painted desk filled with writing utensils, seal boxes, and official bamboo slips all display the dignity and authority of the Yansheng Duke.
孔林講解
Finally, we reach the Confucius Forest, also called the Forest of the Sage. It is the exclusive cemetery of Confucius and his descendants, spanning an area of more than 3000 mu and enclosed by a perimeter wall over 5600 meters long.
At the entrance, we see the Wangu Changchun Archway, which means that Confucius thoughts will endure forever, just like the ever - green pine and cypress trees. As we stroll along the paths in the forest, we are surrounded by thousands of ancient trees, some of which are hundreds or even thousands of years old. These trees not only provide a solemn and serene atmosphere but also serve as silent witnesses to the passage of time and the continuous inheritance of the Confucius family.
Among the numerous tombs in the Confucius Forest, the most significant one is, of course, the tomb of Confucius himself. His tomb is simple yet exudes a solemn air, and it is surrounded by the tombs of his disciples, symbolizing their unwavering loyalty and eternal companionship. Additionally, there are countless steles inscribed with inscriptions by famous calligraphers from different dynasties. These steles not only record the genealogy and history of the Confucius family but also represent an important part of Chinese calligraphy and cultural heritage.
結尾
Ladies and gentlemen, our exploration of the "Three Confucian Sites" has come to an end. I hope this journey has allowed you to gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of Confucius and his profound teachings. If you have any questions or would like to share your thoughts, please feel free to do so. Thank you for your attention and cooperation throughout this tour.
中文翻譯
女士們、先生們，歡迎來到孔子的誕生地、儒家文化的搖籃 —— 曲阜。今天，我們將一同探尋舉世聞名的 “三孔” 景區，即孔廟、孔府和孔林。這些景點有著兩千多年的歷史，不僅是建筑瑰寶，更是孔子思想深遠影響的生動見證。
現在，我們來到了孔廟，這是一座備受尊崇、專門用以紀念孔子的場所。它始建于公元前 478 年，也就是孔子去世后的次年。在隨后的各個朝代，孔廟不斷得到擴建和修繕，才有了如今宏大的規模。
我們首先看到的是 “金聲玉振坊”。這座牌坊象征著孔子思想的和諧統一，如同一場美妙音樂的和諧起奏與完美收尾。“金聲” 寓意著學習的開端和對知識的追求，而 “玉振” 則意味著智慧的升華與成熟。
繼續前行，我們來到欞星門。在古代，欞星被視為與人才、學者相關的星宿。在此設立此門，表明孔廟是一個尊崇知識、培育人才的地方。它也是人們進入儒家學問世界的象征性通道。
接下來是圣時門。“圣時” 這個詞是孟子用來形容孔子的。意思是孔子是一位能夠順應不同時代和環境的圣人。他的教誨不受所處時代的局限，在各個歷史時期都具有適用性和重要意義，彰顯了他非凡的智慧和遠見卓識。
大成殿是孔廟的核心建筑，也是最為宏偉壯觀的部分。“大成” 一詞意味著孔子通過融合以往所有圣賢的智慧和美德，達到了至高無上的成就境界。殿內，一尊莊嚴的孔子塑像屹立中央，周圍環繞著他的弟子塑像，如 “四配” 和 “十二哲”。這些塑像代表著儒家思想的傳承與發展，每位弟子都為傳播和闡釋孔子的學說做出了貢獻。
離開孔廟后，我們踏入孔府，也被稱作衍圣公府。這里世世代代都是孔子嫡系后裔的居所。孔府將封建官府與家族住宅和諧地融為一體，占地達 240 畝。
孔府的大門是一座莊嚴的五開間建筑，采用檁條支撐的懸山式屋頂結構。門上懸掛的 “圣府” 匾額，由明朝的嚴嵩題寫。大門兩側，有一副氣勢恢宏的對聯。值得注意的是，對聯中的 “富” 字，上面少了一點，寓意 “富貴無頭”；而 “章” 字的一豎向上貫穿，象征著 “文章通天”，生動地體現了孔氏家族的高貴地位和深厚學識。
進入府內，我們穿過二門，門上懸掛的 “圣人之門” 豎匾，由明朝的李東陽題寫。再往里走，重光門是一座獨特的獨立式屏風門。它平時緊閉，只有在重大儀式、皇帝到訪或重要的儒家祭祀活動時才會開啟，為孔府增添了莊重和神秘的氛圍。
大堂是衍圣公處理重要事務的地方，比如宣讀皇帝詔書、接見官員以及執行家族家規。堂內的暖閣裝飾著流云和八寶圖案。鋪著虎皮的太師椅，以及擺放著書寫用具、印章盒和官方竹簡的高大紅漆長桌，都彰顯了衍圣公的威嚴與權勢。
最后，我們抵達孔林，也被稱為至圣林。這里是孔子及其后裔專屬的墓地，占地超過 3000 畝，四周環繞著長達 5600 多米的.圍墻。
在入口處，我們能看到萬古長春坊，它寓意著孔子的思想將如同常青的松柏一般，萬古長存。當我們沿著林間小徑漫步時，四周是成千上萬棵古樹，有些樹已經有幾百年甚至上千年的樹齡。這些樹木不僅營造出莊嚴肅穆的氛圍，更是歲月流轉和孔氏家族傳承的無聲見證者。
在孔林眾多的墓葬中，最為重要的當屬孔子本人的墓。他的墓簡潔卻散發著莊重的氣息，周圍環繞著他弟子的墓，象征著弟子們對他的忠誠以及永恒的陪伴。此外，這里還有無數由歷代著名書法家題寫碑文的石碑。這些石碑不僅記錄了孔氏家族的世系和歷史，也是中國書法和文化遺產的重要組成部分。
女士們、先生們，我們對 “三孔” 景區的游覽到此結束。希望這次旅程能讓您對孔子及其深邃的思想有更深刻的理解與欣賞。如果您有任何疑問，或者想分享自己的想法，請隨時開口。感謝您在整個游覽過程中的關注與配合。
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