GRE試題第

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GRE試題第五篇

　　GRE試題（五）

GRE試題第五篇

　　Time –30 minutes

　　25 Questions

　　1. Drug companies lose money when manufacturing

　　drugs that cure those suffering from rare diseases

　　because selling a drug to only a few people usually

　　does not recoup manufacturing expenses．Therefore,

　　a company manufacturing any of the drugs that cure

　　those suffering from loxemia, an extremely rare

　　disease, will undoubtedly lose money．

　　Which of the following, if true, most seriously

　　weakens the conclusion above？

　　(A)Several drugs that cure those suffering from

　　loxemia also cure those suffering from very

　　common illnesses．

　　(B)Most of those who contract loxemia also con-

　　tract another illness concurrently．

　　(C)Most of the drug companies that manufacture

　　drugs that cure rare diseases do not manufac-

　　ture drugs that cure loxemia．

　　(D)A sizable number of people are afflicted with

　　one or another rare disease even though each

　　rare disease afflicts only a small number of

　　people．

　　(E)The larger the amount of a drug that is manu-

　　factured, the lower the manufacturing expense

　　for each unit of the drug that is produced．

　　2.The tomb of a warrior killed in 1501 bears a sculpted

　　portrait depicting him dressed for battle．Some his-

　　torians attribute the portrait to an artist from that

　　century, but of the many references to the tomb in

　　surviving documents, none that predates the 1800’s

　　mentions the portrait．The portrait is therefore more

　　likely the work of a much later artist．

　　Which of the following, if true, would also support

　　the conclusion of the argument if substituted for the

　　evidence given concerning the portrait？

　　(A)The portrait of the warrior was commissioned by

　　the family of the warrior’s widow．

　　(B)References in surviving documents mention that

　　an artist was paid in 1525 for an unspecified

　　number of works for the church in which the

　　tomb is located

　　(C)The warrior is depicted in the portrait as wearing

　　boots made of a material not used for boots

　　until the 1700’s．

　　(D)Some other art treasures from the church in

　　which the tomb is located have been reliable

　　dated to the 1400’s．

　　(E)The portrait of the warrior on the tomb strongly

　　resembles a portrait of him known to have

　　been completed during his lifetime．

　　Questions 3-7

　　A florist is designing flower arrangements containing two

　　or more varieties of flowers selected from among six

　　varieties of flowers：freesias, irises, lilies, peonies, tulips,

　　and zinnias．All acceptable arrangements conform to the

　　following conditions：

　　If an arrangement contains any freesias, it cannot

　　contain any zinnias．

　　If an arrangement contains any tulips, it cannot

　　contain any zinnias．

　　If an arrangement contains any peonies, it must also

　　contain at least one zinnia, and there must be

　　exactly as many zinnias as peonies．

　　If an arrangement contains any irises, it must also contain

　　tulips, and there must be twice as many tulips as irises.

　　If an arrangement contains freesias, the number of

　　freesias must be greater than the total number of

　　other flowers used．

　　3. Which of the following flower arrangements could be

　　made acceptable simply by adding a tulip？

　　(A)Three freesias, one lily, two tulips

　　(B)Four freesias, two peonies, one tulip

　　(C)Five freesias, one iris, one tulip

　　(D)Two irises, two tulips, two zinnias

　　(E)Two lilies, two peonies, two tulips

　　4.Which of the following, if added to an unacceptable

　　flower arrangement consisting of four tulips and two

　　freesias, would make the arrangement acceptable？

　　(A)Four freesias

　　(B)Four irises

　　(C)Two lilies

　　(D)Two peonies

　　(E)Two zinnias

　　5.Each of the following is a pair of varieties of flowers

　　that can be used together in an acceptable flower

　　arrangement EXCEPT

　　(A)freesias and irises

　　(B)freesias and tulips

　　(C)irises and lilies

　　(D)irises and peonies

　　(E)lilies and zinnias

　　6.Which of the following unacceptable flower arrange-

　　ments could be made acceptable simply by removing

　　some or all of the flowers of one variety？

　　(A)Four freesias, one iris, one lily, one peony

　　(B)Four freesias, one iris, two tulips, one zinnia

　　(C)Four freesias, two irises, two tulips, one zinnia

　　(D)Three freesias, one lily, one peony, two zinnias

　　(E)Three freesias, two peonies, one tulip, two zinnias

　　7.If an unacceptable flower arrangement consisting of

　　four freesias, one lily, one peony, and two tulips is to

　　be made acceptable by adding or removing only one

　　flower, which of the following must be done？

　　(A)Add one freesia

　　(B)Add one iris

　　(C)Add one zinnia

　　(D)Remove the peony

　　(E)Remove one tulip

　　8.Scientist：More than 1, 000 large asteroids regularly

　　cross the Earth’s path．Even though the probabil-

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　　GRE試題（五）

　　ity of one colliding with the Earth is extremely

　　slight, we should do whatever we can to reduce

　　that probability since any such collision would

　　be catastrophic．The best way to avoid such a

　　disaster is to deflect the asteroids．The only

　　known way of deflecting asteroids is by hitting

　　them with nuclear weapons that would be stored

　　in space stations．

　　The scientist’s claims are structured so as to lead to

　　which of the following conclusions？

　　(A)Nuclear technology is the only technology that

　　can plausibly be used to prevent natural

　　catastrophes．

　　(B)Nuclear weapons should be deployed in space．

　　(C)No catastrophe has yet been caused by the

　　collision of an asteroid with the Earth．

　　(D)The 1, 000 large asteroids that cross the Earth’s

　　path pose only an extremely slight risk of

　　colliding with the Earth．

　　(E)There is currently no acceptable use to which

　　nuclear weapons can be put, aside from pro-

　　tecting the Earth from asteroids．

　　9.It has long been thought that high levels of the hor-

　　mone testosterone contribute to the onset of heart

　　disease in men．However, this view cannot be correct,

　　since men who have heart disease typically show

　　significantly lower levels of testosterone than do men

　　who have not had heart disease．

　　The argument above assumes which of the following？

　　(A)Many men who have never had heart disease

　　have unusually low levels of testosterone．

　　(B)Having heart disease does not significantly lower

　　the level of testosterone in men．

　　(C)Levels of hormones other than testosterone

　　significantly affect the likelihood that a man

　　will develop heart disease．

　　(D)Heart disease and lowered testosterone levels in

　　men are the effects of a single common cause．

　　(E)High levels of testosterone have never been

　　thought to contribute to a serious disease other

　　than heart disease

　　10.The time-out technique involves removing the child from

　　an undesirable situation in order to let the child think

　　things over．Over the last two decades, family doctors

　　have been advocating this technique as preferable to

　　spanking, which is now known to be potentially injurious

　　and no more effective．

　　10.Which of the following can properly be concluded

　　from the data presented in the graph？

　　(A)The 1962 survey was based on a larger sample

　　than the 1992 survey was．

　　(B)In the period between the surveys, denying tele-

　　vision privileges was never the disciplinary

　　technique most popular with parents．

　　(C)The four disciplinary techniques featured in the

　　graph were the only disciplinary techniques

　　named by parents in either survey．

　　(D)The 1962 survey allowed parents to name more

　　than one disciplinary technique, but the 1992

　　survey may not have allowed this．

　　(E)In the period between the surveys, there were

　　no significant changes in the popularity of lec-

　　turing children as a disciplinary method．

　　11.People who engage in scuba diving are healthier, on

　　average, than people who do not engage in this

　　activity．Therefore, scuba diving tends to promote

　　improved health．

　　The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the

　　grounds that it

　　(A)presupposes that everyone who takes up scuba

　　diving does so solely for health reasons

　　(B)leads to a further and falsifiable conclusion that

　　no one can achieve good health without

　　engaging in scuba diving

　　(C)fails to point out that a small number of people

　　are seriously injured in scuba diving accidents

　　each year

　　(D)treats a precondition for improving one’s health

　　as though it were something that by itself

　　could ensure good health

　　(E)overlooks the possibility that people generally do

　　not take up scuba diving unless they are in

　　good health

　　Questions 12-15

　　An art museum owns six paintings by an eighteenth-

　　century painter．The paintings, listed in order by esti-

　　mated value from lowest to highest, are F, G, H, S, T,

　　and U．Paintings F, G, and H are landscapes; S, T, and U

　　are portraits．At any one time, exactly three of the six

　　paintings are on exhibit, subject to the following

　　restrictions:

　　The paintings on exhibit cannot all be landscapes．

　　If the exhibit includes only one portrait, that portrait

　　must be U．

　　H cannot be on exhibit at any time that T is on exhibit.

　　12.Which of the following could be the three paintings

　　on exhibit at some point？

　　(A)F, G, and H

　　(B)F, G, and T

　　(C)G, H, and S

　　(D)G, S, and U

　　(E)H, T, and U

　　13.Which of the following, if they are the first two

　　paintings selected for inclusion in a future exhibit,

　　leave the widest choice of paintings for the third

　　painting in that future exhibit？

　　(A)F and G

　　(B)G and H

　　(C)H and U

　　(D)S and T

　　(E)S and U

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　　GRE試題（五）

　　14.An exhibit must include S if which of the following

　　is true？

　　(A)T is included in the exhibit．

　　(B)T is not included in the exhibit．

　　(C)H is the only landscape included in the exhibit．

　　(D)U is included in the exhibit．

　　(E)The exhibit includes either F or G, but not both．

　　15.If U is undergoing restoration and is not available to

　　be exhibited, which of the following is a painting that

　　CANNOT then be exhibited？

　　(A)F

　　(B)G

　　(C)H

　　(D)S

　　(E)T

　　Questions 16-22

　　In each of the five consecutive days of a cooks’ con-

　　tention, exactly one of five well-known cooks―G, H, J,

　　K, and L―will cook a demonstration meal．Each of the

　　five cooks will cook exactly one of the five meals．The

　　schedule for the cooks is constrained by the following

　　conditions：

　　H cannot cook on any of the first three days．

　　L must cook on one of the days before the day on

　　which H cooks．

　　J must cook on one of the days before the day on

　　which G cooks．

　　G must cook on one of the days before the day on

　　which K cooks．

　　16.Which of the following can be the order, from first to

　　fifth, in which the five cooks cook the meals？

　　(A)G, K, L, J, H

　　(B)J, G, K, H, L

　　(C)J, G, K, L, H

　　(D)J, K, G, L, H

　　(E)L, J, H, K, G

　　17.If K cooks the fourth meal, which of the following

　　must be true？

　　(A)G cooks on the third day．

　　(B)H cooks on the fifth day．

　　(C)J cooks on the first day．

　　(D)J cooks on the second day．

　　(E)L cooks on the third day．

　　18.Which of the following can be true？

　　(A)G cooks the first meal．

　　(B)J cooks the fourth meal．

　　(C)L cooks the fifth meal．

　　(D)H cooks on some day before G cooks．

　　(E)L cooks on some day after K cooks．

　　19.If G cooks a meal on some day before L does, then it

　　must be true that

　　(A)G cooks the second meal

　　(B)J cooks the third meal

　　(C)H cooks the fourth meal

　　(D)K cooks the fifth meal

　　(E)L cooks the fourth meal

　　20.If J does not cook on the first day, then it must be

　　true that

　　(A)G does not cook the third meal

　　(B)H does not cook the fourth meal

　　(C)J does not cook the second meal

　　(D)L does not cook the third meal

　　(E)K does not cook the fifth meal

　　21.If H does not cook the fifth meal, which of the fol-

　　lowing must be true？

　　(A)G cooks the second meal．

　　(B)J cooks the first meal．

　　(C)J cooks the second meal．

　　(D)K cooks the fifth meal．

　　(E)L cooks the first meal．

　　22.If G cooks the third meal, which of the following

　　is true？

　　(A)L is the only one of the five cooks who can

　　cook the first meal．

　　(B)J is the only one of the five cooks who can

　　cook the second meal．

　　(C)Any one of exactly three of the five cooks can

　　cook the second meal．

　　(D)K is the only one of the five cooks who can

　　cook the fourth meal．

　　(E)Either one of exactly two of the five cooks can

　　cook the fifth meal．

　　23.Which of the following most logically completes the

　　argument below？

　　In recent years, the proportion of car buyers who buy

　　new cars rather than used cars has declined．Some

　　consumers have attributed this change to an increase

　　in new-car prices．As evidence of the price increase,

　　they cite figures that show that, even adjusting for

　　inflation, the price that the buyer of a new car pays,

　　on average, is far higher now than a few years ago．

　　This evidence is unpersuasive, however, because

　　(A)the value of a car that is bought new declines

　　much more rapidly than does the value of a

　　car that is bought used

　　(B)after someone has bought a car, it might be

　　several years before that person next buys

　　a car

　　(C)a decline in the proportion of car buyers who

　　buy new cars must necessarily mean that the

　　proportion who buy used cars has increased

　　(D)the relative increase in used-car sales might be

　　explained by the decisions of only a small

　　proportion of all car buyers

　　(E)the change in the average price paid for a new

　　car could result solely from more people’s

　　rejecting inexpensive new cars in favor of used

　　cars

　　24.In Bassaria a group of that country’s most senior

　　judges has criticized the uniform mandatory sentences

　　recently introduced for certain specific crimes．The

　　judges argue that such sentences, by depriving them

　　of all discretion in setting sentences, make it impos-

　　sible for them to consider either aggravating or exten-

　　uating circumstances and so make it impossible to

　　achieve true justice―the fitting of the severity of the

　　punishment to the gravity of the particular crime．

　　Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest

　　evidence for the claim that in Bassaria the newly

　　introduced mandatory sentences are not necessarily a

　　change for the worse with respect to ac

　　GRE試題（五）

　　hieving true

　　justice as defined in the argument？

　　(A)Before mandatory sentencing, judges in eastern

　　Bassaria imposed strikingly different sentences

　　from those in western Bassaria for equally

　　grave instances of the same kind of offense．

　　(B)In Bassaria the frequency of crimes that have

　　been made subject to mandatory sentences is

　　lower now than it was just prior to the intro-

　　duction of mandatory sentencing．

　　(C)The law introducing mandatory sentences was

　　passed in the legislature of Bassaria by a large

　　majority and is unlikely to be repealed in the

　　foreseeable future．

　　(D)There used to be a wide difference between the

　　minimum and the maximum sentences allowed

　　by law in cases of crimes now subject to man-

　　datory sentences．

　　(E)In Bassaria judges are appointed for life and are

　　thus not easily influenced by political pressure

　　groups．

　　25.Each of two particular inspection systems that are based

　　on different principles would detect all product flaws but

　　would also erroneously reject three percent of flawless

　　products．Assuming there is no overlap between the

　　products erroneously rejected by the two systems and

　　also no interference between the systems if both operate,

　　using both systems and rejecting only those products

　　found flawed by both would be a way of avoiding all

　　erroneous rejections．

　　Which of the following most precisely characterizes the

　　reasoning in the argument？

　　(A)The reasoning is conclusive, that is, the conclusion

　　cannot be false if the statements offered in its

　　support are true．

　　(B)The reasoning is strong but not conclusive, if the

　　statements offered in support of the conclusion are

　　true, they provide good grounds for that conclu-

　　sion, though it is possible that additional infor-

　　mation might weaken the argument．

　　(C)The reasoning is weak; the statements offered in

　　support of the conclusion, though relevant to it,

　　by themselves provide at best inadequate grounds for the conclusion．

　　(D)The reasoning is flawed in that the conclusion is no

　　more than a paraphrase of one of the pieces of

　　evidence offered in its support．

　　(E)The reasoning is flawed in that the argument treats

　　evidence that a factor is necessary to bring about

　　an event as if it were evidence that the factor is

　　sufficient to bring about that event．

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