教案學案一體化講義

Unit 8 Learning a foreign language

主備：劉友霞 審核：劉 平

Teaching aims

Ⅰ.Grasp the following words, phrases and sentences.

1).重點單詞：motivation, dictation, acquisition, correction, translator, interpreter, patience, pile, association, stick, acquire, instruct, adopt, face, awful, academic, anxious, secure, junior, senior, appropriate

2).重點短語：make progress, make sense of, in other words, take risks / a risk, experiment with, piles of, put an end to, knock down, fall behind

3）重要句型：

1. Reading something in English, I always get stuck when I come across a new word. There must be a better way to learn new words. P65

2. I have been studying English for so long now, and I don’t enjoy it any more. P65

3. I wish there was something I could do to make me interested in studying English again. P65…

4. Learning a language is obviously more than just memorizing words, phrases and structures. P66

5. We actually learn a foreign language much faster than we do our mother tongue. P67

6. The data suggests that what successful language learners have in common is, ... P67

7. The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the better their language acquisition. P67

8. One year is not enough ... to broaden you horizons and improve your understanding of the world. P71

Ⅱ.語法：虛擬語氣

Ｉ.概念:　虛擬語氣是動詞的一種特殊形式， 用來表達說話人的愿望，意圖，建議，驚奇，設想等未能實現以及在說話人看來實現可能性很小的情況。

II.虛擬語氣的特點： 虛擬語氣表達的是與客觀現實相反的觀念。

III.虛擬語氣的形式

１．非真實條件句 2．“should”類 3．“過去時及過去完成時態”類

PeriodⅠ Word Study

1. stick (stuck stuck )

Vt. (1)（常與in, into, through連用）（把尖 物）插入，刺入，戳入

I stuck a needle into the cloth. 我把一根針扎進布里。

(2)（與in, into, on連用）粘住；貼住

I stuck a stamp on the letter. 我把一張郵票貼在信上。

(3)使卡住；使停滯

The bus was stuck in the mud.公共汽車陷在泥里了。

(4)放，置

Stick the chair in the corner. 將椅子置于墻角。

（5）伸,伸出

Don’t stick your head out of the train window. 不要把頭伸出火車窗外面。

vi. 1.) 粘住;釘住

This stamp won’t stick. 這張郵票貼不上。

2.) 陷住;梗塞;被困住

A fish-bone stuck in his throat. 他喉嚨里卡了一根魚刺

n. (c.) (1)柴枝，小樹枝

We made the fire out of dry sticks. 我們用干柴枝來生火。

(2)手杖，拐杖

The old man walked leaning on a stick. 老人拄著拐杖走路。

phrases:

stick to a post 堅守崗位 stick to one’s words 遵守諾言 stick to principles 堅守原則

stick out 伸出，突出 stick down 貼好；放下；寫下 stick at 堅持/努力干某事； 讓…阻礙自己

be stuck (over/with sth.) 遇到困難無法進行下去

eg. (1) No matter what you say, I shall ______my opinion.

A. carry out B. keep up C. insist on D. stick to

(2) The spokesman said his country would _____ experimenting with nuclear weapon tests.

A. stick to B. insist on C. work out D. stick on

(3). Don’t _____ your hands out of the window.

A. stick to B. stick C. pull D. put

2.in other words 換句話說，換言之 通常作插入語或狀語，相當于that’s is to say

eg: (1)Bob will never see you again, in other words he has been dead.

鮑勃再也見不到你了，換言之他已經死了。

(2) Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard-______ you failed.

A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time

(3) They won’t be back before 5 o’clock. _____, you will have to wait for nearly three hours.

A. On the other hand B. On the contrary C. In a word D. In other words

Phrases:

have a word with sb.與某人說句話 in a word 總之 leave word 留言 put/get in a word 插嘴 have words with sb.與某人吵架 word for word 逐字地 keep one’s word 守信用 break one’s word 失信 the last words 遺言 waste(spend) one’s words 白費口舌 in words 用言語 in word 口頭上word came that…有信來，有話傳來 weigh one’s words 斟酌字句 beyond words 無法用言語形容 words fail…說不出話來，無法形容（多么不高興，吃驚，震驚）

選詞填空：

1. It is no use to promise in word, but in deed.

2．I soon found that the work I was doing was being done by someone else. In other words, I was wasting my time.

3．Words______ me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the burning house.

A. failed B. left C. discouraged D. disappointed

4. For a long time they walked without saying____ word. Jim was the first to break _____ silence.

A. the; a B. a. the C. a, / D. the;/

5. People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ______, she is a great musician.

A. After all B. As a result C. In other word D. As usual

3. adopt vt. 采取，采納;收養;通過 n. adoption

eg. (1) I adopted their method of making the machine.我采納了他們制造機器的方法。

(2) They proposed to adopt me as their own son. 他們建議收養我為他們的兒子。

(3) The board adopted the proposal after much debate.

委員會在多次爭辯好采納了這個提議。

（4）It is suggested that a hard line ______ towards terrorists.

A. adopts B. will be adopted C. be adopted D. is adopted

Phrases:

養子女 adopted son/ daughter 養父母 adoptive parents/adopted father /adoptive mother 挑選某人作為adopt sb. as

4. knock down 擊倒，撞倒

phrases:

knock at 敲 knock about 旅行，到處跑；（狠）打，用（拳頭）抽 knock against 撞擊knock down 拆除，拆掉；打倒，撞倒；把（價錢）壓低，使減價；（以低價）拍賣掉，壓低（價格） knock off 下班，停止工作；減價，扣掉；匆忙做完 knock over 打翻 knock into 撞到…上

eg. (1) He was reading a magazine while walking. He almost _____.

A. knocked me down B. knocked down me C. turned me over. D. turned me over

(2) A child was in hospital last night after being _____ by a car.

A. put down B. torn down C. knocked down D. set down

(3) You have knocked over my drink. 你把我的飲料撞翻了。

(4) The pickpocket knocked against me on purpose.那個扒手故意撞我。

(5) He has knocked about all over Europe.他已經游遍了整個歐洲。

(6) We knock off at 12.30 for lunch. 我們在12.30停下來吃飯.

(7) He knocked off a poem in five minutes. 他在五分鐘之內寫完一首詩。

(8) They are going to knock down those old buildings soon.

他們不久就會拆掉這些老房子。

5. fall behind 落后于；拖欠

eg. The illness caused him to fall behind the rest of the class.

那次的生病使他的（功課）落在其他同學之后。

Make sure not to fall behind with your rent, please. 請不要拖欠房租。

Phrases:

fall into the habit of 養成…的習慣 fall over 滑倒，摔倒 fall to sb.to do sth.輪到某人做某事，應由某人做某事 fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡 fall in love with sb. 愛上某人 fall short (of) 不足，缺乏；達不到，不符合 fall off 下降，跌落

詞匯練習

motivation n. → motivate vt

correction n. → correct vt. / adj.

effective adj. → effect n→ efficient adj

instruct vt. → instruction n. → instructive adj.

patience n. → patient adj. / n.

association n. → associate adj. / vi.

acquire vt. → acquisition n.

awful adj. → awe n. / v.

broaden vt. ← broad adj.

widen vt. ← wide adj.

deepen vt. ← deep adj.

sharpen vt. ← sharp adj.

awaken vt. ← awake adj.

Period Ⅱ Reading

Teaching aims and demands:

1. To improve the Ss’ reading skill

2. To learn some knowledge about learning a foreign language

Step 1:pre-reading

Tick out the ways you learn English & tell reasons

1 ( )memorize the words.

2 ( ) learn grammar rules

3 ( ) talk with your classmate

4 ( )have a dictation

5 ( )listen to the tape

6 ( ) learn English songs

7 ( ) watch English films

8 ( ) talk to foreigner

9 ( )reading stories

10 ( ) practise writing English

Step 2 Fast reading

1. Most children have mastered their mother tongue .

A. at the age of five B. by the age of eight

C. before they are five D. since they were five2. Successful language learners do share the following characteristics except .

A. the ability to memorize the words B. an interest in understanding their own thinking

C. willingness to take chances D. confidence in their ability

3. The sentence “Life is a very successful language school” means .

A. we are equipped with a special ability to learn language

B. the key to learn the language well is to communicate with the people around us

C. parents can give children language lessons

D. people can learn the language by themselves

4. What’s the purpose of writing this article?

A. Learning a foreign language is twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.

B. Learning a foreign language is more important than learning our mother tongue.

C. Learning a foreign language is twice as easy if we develop our study skills.

D. In fact, the number of people learning a foreign language has increased with years.

Step3 Careful reading

1. What are the differences between learning the first and second language?

We learn Chinese by using it when we can begin to speak. However, we learn English when we are at school

2. What makes you a successful learner?

(1) have self-confidence in

(2) have strong will and perseverance堅定不移

(3) form good habits

(4) make a study plan

(5) practice make perfect/keep on taking notes and put them into practice /keep on memorizing words

(6) keep on doing intensive透徹的and extensive廣泛的reading

(7) practicing writing

Step4 Consolidation

We learn our mother tongue by communicating with people around. But how were we able to make sense of what we heard and distinguish the mistakes and errors from “good” language?

Some experts believe that we are equipped with a special ability to learn language and that our brain adjusts itself to the language we hear around us. Others think that we learn language in the same way we learn other things.

Learning a foreign language is different from learning one’s mother tongue. Research has shown that successful language learners do share a few characteristics. Successful language students gain confidence and are able to relax and enjoy the learning because they plan and evaluate their learning . And they’re more willing to take risks and to place themselves in new learning situations. If we want to be successful language learners, we should try to adopt some of the study habits described above. If we develop our study skills, we may find that learning a foreign language does not have to be twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.

Step 5 Learning the following points

1. Learning a language is obviously more than just memorizing words, phrases and structures.

more than :超過；極其，不至于是；與其說…到不如說;不僅僅; more than sb. can 非某人力所能及的 no more than 和…一樣不;不過,僅僅 not more than 至多，不超過；…并不比…更…

more or less 或多或少，在一定程度上；大體上，大約 once more 再一次 what’s more 更有甚者 more often than not 在大半情況下，相當多時候 more of 在更大程度上

eg. 1. She is more of a singer than a dancer.

2.It was more than a year now since he had seen Miss Wilkinson.

3. Ben is a fairly good runner. He wins more often than not.

4. He is more mad than stupid.

5. They are more than glad to help.

6. I love you more than I can say.

7. Jack is no more diligent than John.

8. Jack is not more diligent than John.

2. The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the better their language acquisition.

the +比較級，the +比較級 是形容詞（副詞）比較級的一種用法。前面的句子相當于一個條件句，后面是主句。

1). 地勢越高，空氣越涼。The higher the ground, the cooler the air.

2). 越仔細，錯誤越少。 T he more careful , the fewer mistakes you will make.

3). 旅館越貴，服務就越好。 The more expensive the hotel is, the better the service is.

4). _______ you stand, ______ you will see.

A. The higher, the farther B. The farther. the higher

C. Higher, farther D. Farther, higher

5) It is believed that ____ you work,_____ result you will get.

A. the harder, the better B. the more hard, the more better

C. the harder, a better D. more hard, more better

3…both of which contribute to their increased ability to learn.

contribute v. 捐款，貢獻，有助于促成…（與to 連用）,投稿

eg. All this contributed to our success. 這一切促成了我們獲得成功。

Drink contributed to his ruin. 飲酒促成了他的毀滅。

Contribute a poem to a newspaper 向報社投稿

n. contribution make a contribution (to) (為…)做貢獻

eg.（1） Charlie Chaplin made a great contribution to the cinema.

查理.卓別林為電影事業作出了杰出的貢獻。

（2）Millions of people made contributions to the liberation of the People’s Republic of China.

成百萬的人民為中國的解放做出了貢獻。

(3).I think whoever makes greater _____ the company than others should set ___ income.

A. contribution for; higher B. contributions for; highest

C. contribution to; the higher D. contributions to, the highest

4. Not all of us want to be translators or interpreters.

當not 與all , both, each, every , always 以及every 的復合詞連用，都表示不完全否定，“并非都…,并非總是…，并不是每個都…”(not可放在主語部分也可放在謂語部分)

eg. (1)并不是所有的人都喜歡體育。Not all the people go in for sports.= All the people don’t go in for sports.

(2)這兩部小說我不是都喜歡。 I don’t like both of the novels.

完全否定：如句中有否定詞no, none, no one, neither, never, nobody, nothing…表示都不

eg. (1) 他父母都不在國外。 Neither his parents is abroad.

(2)他們沒有一個能回答這個問題。 None of them can answer the question.

(3)I agreed with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with_____.

A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything

(4)--- Is the book interesting?

--- Yes, but I am sure it won’t interest______.

A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody

Period III Integrating skills

Teaching aims and demands:

1. To improve the students’ abilities of reading and comprehension.

2. To learn some language points.

Step1: Find the key words of each paragraph

Para 1 The best way to learn a foreign language

Para 2 opportunities and means to go abroad

1) exchange programmes

2) programmes offering a “home stay” service

Para 3 Advantages about learning a foreign language abroad

Para 4 Disadvantages about learning abroad

Para 5 What to do if you want to go abroad to study

Step2: Careful reading

1.The best option(=choice) for the exchange students is .

A. living with local people

B. living in the dormitory

C. choosing exchange programmes at various academic levels at a reasonable cost

D. making friends with the other students

2.Visiting students do the following things except .

A. staying in the host family’s house B. eating in the host family’s house

C. becoming a member of the family D. keeping in touch with the host family afterwards

3.What makes it easier to study abroad nowadays? _______

A. The cost has become reasonable.

B. There are programmes for all levels.

C. Students can find “home-stay” service and live with the host family.

D. All the above

4.The greatest value of an exchange student studying abroad is ______ .

A. to learn the language

B. to widen one’s views and understand the culture of other country

C. to get better idea of yourself and your own culture

D. to learn to be independent of oneself

5.The disadvantage of studying abroad is_____.

A. language and culture B. cost and safety

C. custom and culture D. exchange programme

6..Before going out to study in a foreign country, you should not .

A. care much about the money that may cost you

B. collect as much information as possible

C. plan a long course to study

D. discuss every detail with your family

Step3 Language Points

Most exchange students say that they feel as if they were truly part of their host families and that they will always stay in touch.

as if (1) 當as if 用在look, smell, taste, sound 等后面，議論可能或真實的事或情形時，as if 也可用陳述語氣。

1). 看起來天好像要下雨。It looks as if it is going to rain.

2). 聽起來像有人敲門。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.

(2)as if=(as though)“像.好像，似乎”，只作連詞，引導狀語從句，通常用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反的情況。如表示與現在事實相反，動詞用一般過去時，be動詞用were，口語中也可以用was.如表示與過去事實相反，用過去完成時。

1). 看起來你好像見過鬼似的。 You look as though you had seen a ghost.

2). 他看起來好像已經知道這個答案似的。 He looked as if he had known the answer.

(3 ) as if 后面可直接跟分詞或不定式。

1）他張開口，像要說話一樣。 He opened his mouth as if to speak.

2）他目不轉睛的盯著那姑娘好像第一次看見她。

He stared at the girl as if seeing her for the first time.

重要短語：

1. at a reasonable cost費用合理.

2. make progress 前進；進步

3.make sense of 弄懂…的意思

4.in other words 換句話說；換言之

5.take risks/a risk 冒險

6.experiment with 進行試驗；進行實驗

7.piles of 一大堆；一大批；一大團

8.knock down 擊倒；撞倒

9.that is to say 也就是說

10.fall behind 落后

11.be different from 與…不同

12.communicate with 與…聯系；與…交流

13.distinguish…from… 把與區別開來

14.adjust oneself to

調整；調節；使適合；使便于使用

15.in the process

在進行；經過；在…過程中

16.in common （團體）共同的；公有的

17.make mistakes 犯錯誤

18.make friends with 與…交朋友

19.take (an active ) part in （積極）參加

20.take patience to 有耐心去做….

21．stay in touch保持聯系

22．become fluent in流利

23．broaden one’s horizons開闊眼界

24．be concerned about擔心

25．hear about聽說

26. give lessons to 給某人上課

27.come across 遇見

28.get stuck 被卡住了，被困住了

29.be equipped with 裝備有

30.regardless of 不管，不顧

31.master the basics 掌握最基本的

32.be born with 與生具有的

33.as a consequence 結果是

34.all day long 一整天

35.an awful lot of hours 很多小時

36.in a few years’ time 在以后的一些年中

37.be curious about 對…好奇

38.be willing to take chances 愿意冒險

39.be confident in 在某方面很自信

40.be better at 更擅長于

41.put …to better use更好地運用…

42.place themselves in new learning situations 把自己放到新的學習環境中去

43.improve your understanding of the world 增進對世界的了解

44.for the first time/ the first time clause 第一次

同步練習

一．單項選擇

1．What would have happened __________?

A. if Bob has walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther

2. You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you________ so tired.

A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get

C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got

3. It is surprising that he ___________ at the meeting.

A. was B. be C. is D. were

4. -- Li Ping and I are going to Shanghai this week.

-- If ________ my job, I’d come with you.

A. there weren’t B. there weren’t for

C. it weren’t D. it weren’t for

5. -- How do you like the books?

-- Oh, they are wonderful. People here think ________ of the books.

A. a number B. a great many C. a great deal D. a plenty

6. -- Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well.

-- It’s no _______ he always gets the first place in any examination.

A. question B. doubt C. problem D. wonder

7. Being able to speak another language fluently is a great ______ when you’re looking for a job.

A. chance B. importance C. assistant D. advantage

8. I planned __________ to see you last week, but I was ill.

A. to have come B. to come C. to be coming D. to have been coming

9. ____________ all the inventions have in common is _________they have succeeded.

A. What; what B. that; what C. what; that D. that; that

10. Last term our maths teacher set so difficult examination problems _________ none of us worked out.

A. that B. as C. so that D. which

11. --Has Tommy finished his homework?

--I have no idea. He _________it this morning.

A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did

12. If you keep on, you’ll succeed _________. Wish you success in the examinations.

A. in time B. at one time C. for the same time D. sometimes

13. Betty’s English is ______ than ________ in the class.

A. much better; anyone else B. far better; anyone else’s

C. a lot better; anyone’s else D. a great deal better; anyone’s else’s

14. You’d better make a mark _________ you have any questions.

A. at which B. at what C. the place D. where

15. My command of Chinese is not _______ yours.

A. as half as B. so half good as C. good as half as D. half so good as

二、單詞拼寫

1. He s__________ his fork into a piece of meat.

2. She a___________ a knowledge of France.

3. What an _________(可怕的) smell!

4. The teacher ____________(指示) the pupils to come into the gym.

5. Feed the ____________ (資料) into the computer and have it analyzed.

6. She is still absent. I’m a___________ about her health.

7. His success is ____________(有把握的)。

8. To succeed in business one must be prepared to take ___________（冒險）.

9. He is s__________ to me by two years.

10. Which dress is more a___________ for the party, this one or that?

三、完成下列句子

1．所有的鳥都有翅膀，但并非所有的鳥都會飛。

All birds have wings, but ________ _________ birds can fly.

2． 工作進展得比預料的更快。

The work is progressing _________ rapidly than _________.

3． 你一旦和他談談，就會知道他是一個好人。

__________ you talk to him, you’ll know he is a good person.

4． 你要慎重考慮后再做決定。

Consider carefully ________ you decide.

5． 你愿意他加入我們的俱樂部嗎？

Are you ____________ that he should be ________ into our club?

一、 單項選擇

CDBDC DDACB AABDD

二、 單詞拼寫

Stuck; acquired; awful; instructs; data; anxious; secure; risks; senior; appropriate