Unit One Getting Along With Others

Part one: Sentence Patterns

1. Other children say we are no fun, but we like it that way. It is great fun. 注: fun為不可數名詞

2. I must have sounded proud of myself, saying loudly how easy the test was.

Hannah must have deliberately told everyone about my mark.

注: 情態動詞+ have done: 可表示對過去或已發生的事的猜測

3. I was determined to be cheerful. I was determined to win. “堅定/決地要做某事”

比較: I determined to go there on my own (= I decided to go….)

4. I don’t think I can ever forgive her. 注: 否定前移 I don’t think your plan will work.

5. Football is very important to me, but so is our friendship.

注:so表示 “也…”要倒裝; 表示 “的確如此”不倒裝 – You made a mistake. – So I did.

6. I can’t stand seeing our team lose. ( 不能忍受做某事)

7. I can’t help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me. (禁不住做…)

比較: I am busy with my work, so I can’t help clean the house. (不能幫助做…)

8. He seemed absent-minded and as a result of his careless playing, we lost the game. (= because of…)

9. You have every right to feel betrayed by your friend if she did tell (的確告訴過)your secret to others, but it seemed unlikely that she did.( It is unlikely that從句= sb/sth is unlikely to do sth)

10. Did you feel jealous of your friend’s mark? If so, the problem lies with you, not her.

注: 是 “if it is so”的省略形式; 又如: “ if not, if possible/necessary”

11. I have no doubt(=don’t doubt) he will succeed.

注: “ I don’t doubt +陳述性的從句”; “I doubt+疑問性的從句” 比較: I doubt whether he can succeed.

There’s no doubt + (that )從句, There is no doubt about sth

12. Maybe one day he will make it to the Olympics. (成功做到/及時趕到)

13. Speaking of friends(“說到/起朋友”, 現在分詞短語作狀語), I’ve met some nice people here in London and I think we might become close friends.

14. I decide to write rather than email you. (而不是,常接動詞原形) prefer to do sth rather than do sth

15. We have been friends ever since. (= since then, 與現在完成時連用)

16. They are still sitting on the sofa, absorbed in conversation. (“沉浸/專注于…中”, 分詞短語表伴隨)

17. What in the world do they have to talk about? (= on earth “到底/究竟”)

18. Boys and girls have / hold different attitudes towards friendship.

19. It has also been shown that many boys can’t name a single best friend.

20. When asked, they usually hesitate before responding.

注: when (they are) asked的省略, 當從句主語與主句主語一致時,從句中的 “主語+ be” 可省略 Unless invited, I won’t go to the party. When spoken to, he kept silent.

21. Friendship between girls are based on / upon (以…為基礎) shared feelings and support.

22. When a boy is said to have( sb/sth + be said to do ) a best friend, it’s likely that they two share little about their feelings with one another.

23. Boys share activities, while girls share feelings. (表對比, “然而”)

While (盡管)cloning human is illegal in some countries, some scientists are pushing ahead with research.

24. Regardless of (無論/不管)what friendship are based upon, the important is both of them are friendship.

Part Two: Important Words and Phrases

1. be (well ) worth sth / doing (只用主動); be worthy of sth / being done; be worthy to be done

2. get along / on (well) with sb: 與sb 相處(好)

get along/on with sth: 在….進展 How are getting along with your English study?

3. betray sb, feel betrayed by sb; betray secret to sb

4. feel like doing sth I was so upset that I felt like crying.

feel like+ 從句 I didn’t feel like I was overlooking my studies.

5. overlook a fact; overlook the city from air

6. admit doing sth / 從句:承認I admitted how badly I had done. He admitted having broken the window

admit sb into/to sp: 允許…進入… be admitted into a college:被一所大學錄取

7. keep one’s word / promise / secret ; make a promise

8. stare at sb:盯著 glance at sb: 盯一眼 glare at sb: 怒視…

9. forgive sb for …. be forgiven for… 10. I have a dilemma. I am in a dilemma.

11. focus one’s mind/attention on…

12. as a result = so as a result of…= because of…

13. be mean with money; be mean to sb, say mean things to hurt me

14. be guilty of murder: 有罪的 be guilty about telling a lie: 內疚的

15. be cruel to sb 16. bitter taste, bitter memory, bitter enemy

17. apologize (to sb) for … make an apology (to sb) for….

18. have the/no right to do sth 19. embarrass sb, be embarrassed about…

20. be to blame (for…): 應該對…負責 注: 無被動語態 You are to blame for the accident.

比較: blame sb for sth, be blamed for sth The boy was blamed for breaking the window.

21. avoid/escape/miss doing sth He is lucky to avoid being hurt. 注: 常用被動形式

22. be gifted at football 23. ruin our friendship

24. delay the sports meet, delay doing sth; without delay

25. persuade sb to do sth / into doing sth 注: 強調 “ 說服了”這種結果.

比較: advise sb to do sth, try to persuade sb to do sth

26. take care (of…), look out / watch out (for…)

27. in everyday/daily life 28. stay up (late) at night

29. discourage sb from doing sth, encourage sb to do sth

30. for sure/certain:肯定 One thing is for sure-It is easy. No one knows for sure what happened

31. Moving to a new town or area can be a trying time. 34. for free = free of charge

32. be anxious about her safety., be anxious to study abroad

33. suffer heavy loss / hunger and cold / pain, suffer from a headache

35. get through ( to sb): I tried calling you, but I couldn’t get through.

get through the exam: 通過考試 get through with the task= finish/complete sth

38. hesitate to do sth, without hesitation

39. be consistent with…與…一致 The results are totally consistent with our earlier research.

be consistent in…:在 … 一致 She is not consistent in the way she treats her children.

40. respond to…, in response to

The Revision Outline Of Module Five

Unit Two The Environment

Part One Sentences Patterns

1. Can you think of other ways in which people damage the environment?

I am talking to you today about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.

注： the way + ( in which /that ) 定語從句

2. With me is Mr. Lin (倒裝) from the Society for Environmental Preservation.

3. Then we will open the floor for the discussion.

4. voice （表達）your comments or opinions 5. follow the usual schedule

5. The waste goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick. flow into the water

6. In addition(=Besides) , many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.

7. These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs.

lay, laid: 放/鋪；產蛋 lay the table for dinner, lay the map on the desk, lay rails; lay eggs

lie, lied:說謊 lie, lay, lain: 躺， 位于

He found a book lying /laid on the desk.

8. This will have a lasting effect upon/on the number of fish left for us to eat.

9. People who need more land to live on and more food to eat.

注：不定式作定語，注意與前面名詞的拱配要完整 This is a comfortable chair to sit in.

10. The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.

倍數的表達： A +倍數+比較級+than +B；A+倍數+ as +原級+ as + B

A +倍數+ the +名詞 + of + B (有時用 “what從句”或“one’s +名詞”)

The population of China is double what it was in 1950.

11. My suggestion is that we (should) try to cut back on production

注：凡和“建議/命令/要求”意義有關的從句，用(should) do 表示虛擬.

12. turn into a big problem

Take responsibility for…; be responsible for…

12. It would be beneficial to expand our recycling industry and teach people about environmentally friendly ways of living.

13. It is obvious that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.

14. As an economist, I’m often seen as being against the environment. (be against/for：反對/支持)

16. This doesn’t have to(不一定/必)be true.

17.What I’m here to say is that having worked side by side with many environmentalists（現在分詞的完成形式作狀語）, I know a healthy environment and a stable economy should be possible at the same time.

18. The people running these factories (“經營”，現在分詞作定語) are concerned about environment.

We should produce less from materials taken directly from the environment.(過去分詞作定語)

19. We need to stop thinking of companies as the enemy. (think of…as…:把…看作)

比較： think… (to be)… consider/treat/look on…as…

20. But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides. （the key to doing sth）

21. preserve/protect the environment; environmental preservation/protection/conservation

21. What we need is more laws to preserve the environment, which still allow the economy to grow.

23. This might make seafood more expensive, but paying a higher price for some things(主語) is not always bad for the economy.

23. pay higher taxes, tax sb/sth

24. Asking around（現在分詞作狀語）, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly. （be willing to do sth）

25. While listening to a debate, remember each speaker’s speech is meant to convince you. (是以…為目的)

26. Just keep in mind (牢記)that you should not make a final decision until you have listened to both sides completely.

27. My aim in life is to save the environment for future generations.（不定式作表語）

28. We should pay more attention to what we eat. People should take responsibility for not buying certain kinds of fish, because there are not many left in the ocean.

29. What if (要是…怎么樣) we run out of space? What if the train is late?

30. run out: (vi）不接賓語, 無被動 Our food has run out.

run out of sth: (vt) 接賓語,有賓語 We have run out of our food 或Our food has been run out of.

30. My dad says he doesn’t mind a little bit of pollution, as long as (只要) it means people have jobs.

31. be in a good /bad state, state of mind

32. shock sb; a shock to sb

34. watch…closely:認真/細細致地； 比較： be/get close to…

35. clap sb on the back; give sb a clap

36. in the form of…; be stocked with…=be equipped with…

37. take measures/steps/actions to do sth

38. at national/international level

31. What (do you think) is the biggest danger to our environment today? (疑問前移)

Who (do you think) is the richest man in our village?

32. You can relax and be sure that there was no damage done to make space for your room.

. There was a short gentleman following her.

There be +sb/sth + doing /done /to do

do/cause damage to…; make space for…= make room for…:為…騰出空間

33. I’m delighter by your newspaper’s decision to start a campaign for protecting the environment.

34. The state(狀態) of our parks is very shocking, with rubbish everywhere.(with復合結構表伴隨)

35. I used to find a trip to the park very relaxing. Now I find it tiring because I have to pick up the rubbish where I am going to sit.(注：where/wherever引導地點狀語從句)

This kind of plant grows where it is warm. Please put the book where you took it.

36. bring shame on sb; It is a shame +從句, What a shame…!

It would be a shame if they were destroyed because of people’s activities in the park.

38. Having seen this, the customs officer asked the woman to come over to his desk.

40.On/Upon taking off his jacket( 一…就), a sleeping tortoise was found on his stomach.

41. Apparently he traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket.(伴隨狀語)

43. I like the idea of taxing factories that pollute although getting them to agree(主語,get sb to do sth ) would be difficult.

44. Having talked to you today(=After talking to you today), I think we should work on some projects

47. Desertification, the name for what happens when farmable land is turned into desert（名詞短語作同位語）, is a growing world problem.

48. China joined the Convention and has taken many steps to stop the process of desertification, including encouraging farmers to build fences which stop wind from blowing the dirt away, and providing money for people in dry areas to plant more trees.

49. There is also another resource in the fight against desertification, in the form of the China National Monitoring Center.

50. The center was set up in 1996 and is stocked with modern technical equipment for environmental research.

51. There are also things that can be done at a national or international level, such as sharing （such as為介詞短語）information and solutions and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.

52. From my point of view(=In my opinion), you should use recycled materials.

Personally, I agree with Wei Li, because I think he has the right idea.

It seems to me that due to(因為/由于) his mistake, we will get in trouble.

55. It is clear to see why the problems have raised concern both nationally and internationally.

56. Not only is the amount of water taken from the river rising, but (also) the waste being put back into the river has also been increasing.

注：not only于句首+倒裝（采用疑問語序） + but (also)部分不變

57. This is not good news for the people who live in all the towns along the Yangtze River.

58. The pollution has resulted in unsafe drinking water which had led to health problems.

59. It also had harmful effects on the ecology of the area, killing many plants and animals.(結果狀語)

60. Thankfully, many people have recognized the importance, and projects have been set up to deal with the problem.

61. Two special government projects are under way to protect the river.

62. Experts are now trying to work out possible solutions to the many problems.

63. This project resulted in farmers replacing the crops with trees or grassland.(動名詞的復合式:one’s/sb doing sth)

64. The Yangtze River is home to a diverse range of fish and animals.

65. We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems concerning（介詞） the Yangtze River.

66. We believe that the efforts of the Chinese people to protect the river(主語部分) will be appreciated for years to come (=for the coming years)by future generations.

make an effort to do sth； spare no effort (不遺余力)

appreciate (one’s/sb) doing sth

63. rely on sb to do sth; rely on sb that…

64. be of （great/no） importance= be （very ）important

65. hunt animals, hunt (for) a job

66. endanger your health; endangered species

67. advise/suggest doing sth; advise sb to do sth, suggest sb/one’s doing sth

advise/suggest +從句（ 用should do表虛擬）

67. the remaining food; It remains to be seen whether they will succeed.

They remain seated on the sofa, chatting with each other.

67. prohibit…from doing sth (較正式，法規禁止) forbid/prevent….from doing sth

Part Two: Useful Words and Phrases

1. debate on/about sth beyond debate: 無疑義/無可爭辯

2. environmental protection/conservation, environmental pollution

3. industrial waste

4. a friendly atmosphere 5. in addition=besides; in addition to… additional=extra

6. The earthquake wiped out the village.

8. follow our usual schedule

9. large amounts of poisonous chemicals

10. flow into the rivers

11. turn into a big problem

12. teach people about environmentally friendly ways of living

13. at the same time

The Revision Outline Of Module Five

Unit Three Science Versus Nature

1. beyond our imagination, beyond praise/description, beyond belief

2. advanced （先進的/高級的）technologies；They want to advance(vt:推進) technology

make advances (in…) ; in advance: 提前/預先, in advance of time

3.I was created using a cell from an adult cat. (方式狀語) Use the machine following the instructions

4. make an announcement 5. On the one hand…. On the other hand….

8. Some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable issues and organs.

point out mistakes, point to a map; point his gun at the soldier

9. If mankind interferes with nature in this way, they may be on their way to producing a real-life monster. ( on the way to doing sth: 即將/不入就會…)

11. She died at a much younger age than normal. （be back /return to normal; normal temperature）

12. However, in general(=generally speaking) the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough. ( make a breakthrough) praise sb for…; sing high praise for…; in praise of…

13. The Scottish scientist is shocked that some are considering cloning(考慮做某事) human beings.

14. Instead, he thinks research efforts should concentrate on(=focus on) creating issues that could be used to cure（被用來治好）diseases like cancer.

15. Cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.

16. I am desperate to have a child of my own. be desperate to do sth:渴望做… in desperation: 絕望地

比較： of one’s own:自已的 a house of their own. On one’s own=by oneself / alone

17. adopt someone else’s child. 18. I want a child that is genetically related to me.

19. If I had the opportunity, I would clone her so that I could be with her again.（虛擬語氣,用相應的

If I were the president of Italy, I would think about taking away his license 去時）

20. While(盡管) cloning humans is illegal in some countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby.

so as (not ) to do : “為了（不）做某事”,不能放在句首 in order (not) to do :可放在句首

deliver a baby; deliver mails:投遞; deliver a speech

21. He has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.(the first/last to do sth)

declare war against Germany; declare independence (正式宣布，大膽宣稱)

22. In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals as well as stem cells to be used in medical research

23. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.

(1) Succeed in doing sth; be successful in sth/doing sth; Sth/Sb is a success (=successful)

(2) benefit sb/sth:有利于; benefit from…:得益于…; be of benefit to sb = be beneficial to sb

24. If we interfere with nature , we’ll have to deal with the consequences.

In consequence:=as a result:因此/結果; in consequence of…=as a result of…: 因為/由于

25. We could produce a superhuman race that could one day end up replacing us.

end up doing sth; end up in failure/disaster; end up as a prisoner; end up with a song

26. for sale:“待售”指物產 on sale: 指“商品上市” 27. use up Earth’s resources.(=run out of)

27. Those children would be delighted to have a mother.

28. I would like to comment on your article. (= make comments on)

29. I am in complete agreement with human cloning.

30. after all:畢竟/終究; above all: 首要的是; in all: 總共/總之

31. My 10-year-old daughter (= my daughter 10 years old) died of heart failure.

32. When reading articles related to science, we often come across unfamiliar words.

33. We should be prepared to spend （=be ready to do）some time working out the meaning of the scientific terms in order to understand the text as a whole.

34. Question （vt）things that don’t appear to make sense.( 意思明白/清楚； 有意義)

35. You will be amazed to discover that what seemed confusing at first（主語從句）makes sense upon further readings.

36. with great concern:非常關注地. 38. hear of cloning animals

37. Why do some people think they have the right to go against nature?

38. I believe strict laws should be put in place (put…in place) be strict with sb, be strict in sth

39. be reunited with their loved ones(與…團聚) 41. be similar to…: 與…相似

40. （be）opposed to the new plan 41. (be) in favor of the new plan, do sb a favor: 幫某人忙

41. I think some things are best left the way they are.(被保持現狀)

42. The human body is made up of (=consists of) many small parts.

43. 把…與…相比較:compare…with/to…; 把…比作..:compare...to…; 與…相比：compared with/to…

44. The job of the scientist is to find out the truth in the field of science.

45. the other day:“幾天前”, 與過去時連用 46. argue with sb; argue about/over sth；argue for/against…

46. Although it involves some cost on your part, you will definitely agree it is worth it.

(1) involve(vt) This lesson involves a lot of work. Don’t involve other people in your trouble

be involved in trouble…: 參與/被卷入/與…有關

(2) at the cost of life, at all costs (代價); the living cost（成本/費用）

47. Encouraged by her teachers（過去分詞作狀語）, she did well at school.

又如：inspired by …, led by…, followed by…

48. I am totally burnt out = I am worn out（筋疲力盡）

49. With reference to(關于) your recent products, I am writing to request further details.

In reply / response to your last letter, I am sending some photos of our recent products.

I am writing to inform you of the order. I am writing to complain about your plans

I look forward to hearing from you soon. (look forward to doing sth)

If you require further information, please call 123456.

54. follow in one’s footsteps 55.conduct a survey 56. the majority of people

57. To conclude(最后/一句話）, I urge you to seek the opinions (urge sb to do sth)of the people of the UK on this matter so we can end this immoral practice immediately.

(1)seek, sought: I will seek my doctor's advice. We sought an answer to the question, but failed.

He sought to make peace. 他企圖講和。 (seek to do sth:尋求/試圖做…)

(2) practice:實踐 We must put our plans into practice. (put… into practice:付諸實施)

慣例/做法 according to the international practice; It is a common practice to do sth

58. the pros and cons of GM food ( 利與弊) 59. fall victim to…: 成為…的受害者

59. The very(adj:正好的/恰好的) genes that make crops resistant to pests and disease（be resistant to:抗…的）could be harmful to animals.

60. So far(=by now,與現在完成時連用), research has been limited to increasing（be limited to doing sth） production profits, rather than(而不是)ensuring safety. 比較：Other than: 除了…

62. For a long time, our natural resources have been seriously affected by our carelessness.

be seriously injured/polluted ; take …seriously:認真/嚴肅對待…

63. overdevelop Earth’s resources 64. perform a play / an operation; put on performances

64. construct new channels for shipping; under construction（正在建設）; constructive suggestion

65. We will eventually destroy the planet we live on if we continue in this way.

66. But if we focus only on environmental conservation, then people may suffer.

67. Not everything that is best for nature is good for people.注：Not every/all/both..= Every/All/Both… not…:部分否定

All students are not interested in English= Not all students are interested in English.

68. From the point of view of some people, we are only doing what humans have always done, using nature to meet our own needs.(伴隨狀語) ( meet/satisfy one’s needs /demands)

69. spell disaster/trouble 70. use up resources at a fast rate; birth/death rate

71. After decades of（數十年）destroying nature and using up natural resources, many developed nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it.

72. enjoy healthy and productive lives. a very productive writer:多產作家

73. It should not be a question of human winning and nature losing.(動句詞的復合式)

74. Most of the time it turns out that humans are not really profiting when they damage the environment.

注： sb/sth turned out ( to be)… = It turned out that從句)

75. It is mankind’s responsibility to find solutions that are acceptable for everyone.