Unit 7
1 via prep. 經(jīng)由，途經(jīng)
to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin 由北京經(jīng)由天津去上海
通過；憑藉
I sent a message to Mary via her brother. 我托瑪麗的兄弟把信帶給她。
2 persuade：主要用作及物動(dòng)詞。主要有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng)：說服；使相信。主要搭配形式為：persuade sb. to do sth.；
Eg. She tried to persuade him to change his mind.她試圖勸他改變主意。
persuade sb. into doing sth.；persuade sb. out of doing sth.；
Eg. Can you persuade her into/out of wearing that dress?你能勸她穿（不穿）那件衣服嗎？
persuade sb. that-clause。（常與of, that連用）使相信
Eg. I couldn’t persuade him that she was a thief.我無法使他相信她是個(gè)小偷。
How can I persuade you of my sincerity?我怎樣才能使你相信我的誠意呢?
We worked hard to persuade them that we were genuinely interested in the project.
我們想盡辦法以使他們相信我們確實(shí)對這一計(jì)劃感興趣。
注意：persuade sb. to do sth.意為“說服某人做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果；而advise sb. to do sth.和try to persuade sb. to do sth.意為“勸某人做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。
3 lack：可用作動(dòng)詞（vi.＆vt.）和名詞。主要義項(xiàng)有：缺乏，不足；不足之物，欠缺之物。
注意：lack用作名詞時(shí)常與介詞of連用，用作動(dòng)詞常與介詞for連用。
Eg. We have no lack of food. 我們不缺乏食物。
It was lack of current capital that defeated their business. "因?yàn)槿鄙倭鲃?dòng)資本,他們的企業(yè)才告失敗。"
Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than what we have done.
由于時(shí)間不夠，我們只能做到這樣。
vt. 缺乏；不足；沒有
He lacks courage. 他缺乏勇氣。
Their actions lack consistency; they say one thing and do another.
"他們言行不一,說的是一回事,做的又是另一回事。"
短少；不足；需要
Something is lacking. 缺少點(diǎn)什么東西。
Is she lacking in courage? 她缺乏勇氣嗎?
They did not lack for money.他們并不缺錢。
【習(xí)慣用語】
For\ by\ from\ through lack of 因缺乏...; 因無...
supply the lack 補(bǔ)缺
be lacking in 在...缺少[不足]
no lack of 不缺乏, 很多
lack (for)…缺乏
4 infect vt.
傳染；使感染Be infected with cholera被傳染上霍亂
One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon infected other children.
班上的一個(gè)孩子發(fā)燒了，不久他就傳染上了其他孩子。
"If your eyes are infected, you must go to an oculist."
"如果你的眼睛受到感染,就要去看眼科醫(yī)生。"
感染；影響
Mary's high spirits infected all the girls in the class.瑪麗振奮的精神感染了班上所有的女孩子。
be infected with感染, 沾染上
infector n.傳播者, 傳染者
infectious adj.有傳染性的, 易傳染的, 有感染力的
"Colds are infectious, and so are some eye diseases.""感冒是傳染的,有些眼病也是傳染的。"
an infectious laugh有感染力的笑聲
infectious water帶菌水
vi.受感染
I didn't pay any attention to it because I never infect.
我對這事毫不注意, 因?yàn)槲覐膩?未受感染。
5 deadly adj.-lier, -liest
致命的
Fog is the sailor's deadly enemy.霧是航海者最致命的敵人。
勢不兩立的， 殊死的
極度的，非常的deadly haste至急
死一般的a dead paleness如死人般的蒼白
adv.如死一般地;極度地；非常地
deadly dull極為枯燥無味
6 cheer n. 歡呼,喝彩[C]
A cheer arose from the crowd when the president appeared.
當(dāng)總統(tǒng)露面時(shí),人群中發(fā)出了歡呼聲。
振奮,高興;鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì)[U]
The doctor spoke words of cheer to the sick child.
醫(yī)生向病孩說了一些鼓勵(lì)的話。
He's always full of cheer at Christmas.圣誕節(jié)他總是興致勃勃。
vt., vi.歡呼；喝采
The good news of our football team winning the game cheered up everybody who heard it.
我們足球隊(duì)獲勝的喜訊使每一個(gè)聽到的人都感到高興。
Cheer up! The news isn't too bad.振作起來吧!消息還不算太壞。
（常與on連用）以歡呼聲激勵(lì)；為…加油
The crowd cheered their favourite team on.觀眾為自己支持的球隊(duì)歡呼加油。
Cheer int.干杯
What cheer with you?近況如何? 近來心情好否?
with good cheer高高興興地; 歡樂地; 心甘情愿地
cheer up(用話)鼓舞(某人);高興起來, 振奮起來;打起精神來! 別灰心!
7 discourage vt.-aged, -aging
使喪失勇氣；使氣餒； 使沮喪
Don't let one failure discourage you, try again.不要因?yàn)橐淮问【蜌怵H，再試一試看。
"If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be discouraged."
"如果你學(xué)習(xí)中遇到什么困難,不要灰心。"
試圖阻止；阻攔；勸阻
The school teachers discourage smoking.學(xué)校老師不贊成吸煙。
His parents discouraged him from joining the airforce.他的父母親勸他不要參加空軍。
Inflation discourages saving.通貨膨脹阻礙儲(chǔ)蓄的積累。
discourage from阻止[妨礙, 不鼓勵(lì)]做...; 使失信心
encourage vt.鼓勵(lì), 激勵(lì), 慫恿;贊助, 促進(jìn), 助長
encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人(做某事)
be encouraged by受...鼓勵(lì)[鼓舞]
8 identify vt. -fied, -fying
認(rèn)出；識(shí)別；鑒定
I identified the jacket at once; it was my brother's."我立即認(rèn)出了那件外套,它是我兄弟的。
identify handwriting鑒定筆跡
（與with連用）認(rèn)為同一
He identifies beauty with goodness.他認(rèn)為美與善是一致的。
（與with連用）與…有關(guān)系
That politician is too closely identified with the former government to become a minister in ours."那位政客被認(rèn)為與上屆政府關(guān)系過于密切,不能成為本屆政府里的部長。"
（常與with連用）同情；理解
She identified with foreign workers.她同情并理解外籍工人。
identify oneself with支持; 參與; 與....密切結(jié)合; 和....打成一片
9 for the moment：暫時(shí), 目前
Eg. I have nothing to do for the moment. 我目前沒事做。
Stop the discussion for the moment. 請暫停討論。
at any moment隨時(shí); 在任何時(shí)候; 馬上
at moments時(shí)刻, 常常
at the last [critical] moment在最后關(guān)頭
at the moment此刻; (正當(dāng))那時(shí)
every moment時(shí)時(shí)刻刻
for a moment片刻
in a moment一會(huì)兒, 不久; 立即, 馬上
in one's extreme [last] moment在臨終時(shí)刻
not [never] for a moment決不; 從來沒有
of great moment關(guān)系重大的 matter of great moment重大事件
of no moment不重要的, 無足輕重的
the moment立刻, 馬上; 剛才
to the (very) moment及時(shí), 準(zhǔn)時(shí), 不差片刻
10 contrary adj.（常與to連用）別扭的；格格不入的；固執(zhí)的; 相反的；相對的
Mrs. Smith is too contrary to make friends easily.史密斯太太過于固執(zhí)而不易交朋友。
contrary opinions相反的意見
n.-ries（前面與the連用）相反；反面；對立面
‘You must be tired.’ ‘On the contrary, I feel wide awake.’“你一定很累了。”“相反, 我感覺很清醒。”
Contrary adv.（常與to連用） 相反地；相對地
He passed the examination, contrary to what I expected.他考試及格了，和我預(yù)料的情況相反。
Contrary to all advice he gave up his job and left for the south."他不聽任何勸告,放棄了工作,去了南方。"
be contrary to與...相反
by -ries相反地； 出乎預(yù)料地
Many things in our lives go by contraries.在我們的生活當(dāng)中，許多事情與預(yù)期相反。
on the contrary(與此)相反， (不是...)而是， 反之
quite the contrary恰恰相反
just the contrary恰恰相反
to the contrary反對地， 與此相反地， 有相反情況
He produced no evidence to the contrary.他沒有拿出相反的證據(jù)。
11 live with忍受
"I don't enjoy the pain, but I can live with it.""我雖然不以疼痛為樂,但還可以忍受。"
live adj.活的, 生動(dòng)的, 精力充沛的, 實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的, 點(diǎn)燃的
vi.活著, 生活, 居住
vt.過著, 度過, 經(jīng)歷
None of the others have lived my experiences.其他人沒有一個(gè)經(jīng)歷過我的這些遭遇。
adv.以實(shí)況地
live down悔過自新使人忘掉
He was drunk at school--he'll never live it down."他上學(xué)時(shí)喝醉過 - 他怎么改,人們也忘不了。"
live for為…而活著
live up to真正做到，生活得無愧于
We will live up to what our parents expect of us.我們決不辜負(fù)父母親對我們的期望。
Did the TV play live up to your expectations?這部電視劇有你期望的那樣好嗎?
（與on, off連用）靠…生活
The minority in the primitive forest used to live on a diet of wild animals.
原始森林里的少數(shù)民族過去用野獸作為主食。
I live off the money from my first book.我靠我第一本書賺的錢生活。
Unit 8
1 aid n.幫助；援助
first aid急救
幫助者；有幫助的事物
An English-Chinese Dictionary is an important aid in learning the English.
一本英漢詞典是學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要工具。
Vt\vi .幫助；援助
I aided him with money.我資助了他。
They aided in solving the problem.他們幫忙解決這個(gè)問題。
by the aid of借助于, 通過...的幫助
with the aid of借助于, 通過...的幫助
come to sb.'s aid前來[去]援助某人
in aid of用以援助...; 作為援助...之用
2 recommend
vt. 推薦；推舉
Can you recommend a good dictionary?你能介紹一本好詞典嗎？
勸告；忠告 [O2][+v-ing][+that]
I recommend you to comply with safety regulations.我勸你遵守安全規(guī)則。
I recommend you to wait.我勸你等一等。
（與to連用）交付；托付
The dying man recommended his soul to God.這垂危病人把靈魂交付上帝。
recommend a child to sb.把小孩子托給某人照管
3 witness cn.(=eyewitness)目擊者; (在法庭上經(jīng)過宣誓的)證人 [(+of/to)]
Un [主要用于give witness, bear witness]證據(jù), 證明; 證詞+to)]
a witness of the accident事件的目擊者
She gave witness on behalf of the accused person.她替被告作證。
vt., vi.親眼看見，目睹
He witnessed the accident.他親眼看見那個(gè)意外事故。
（常與for, againt,to連用）作證；連署
None could witness that he was present.沒有人能證明他在場。
witness against [for] the accused證明被告有罪[無罪]
He witnessed to the facts.他為事實(shí)作證 。
表示；表明
His tears witnessed the shame he felt.他的眼淚說明他感到羞愧。
bear false witness against sb.作對某人不利的偽證
bear witness to構(gòu)成...的證據(jù);為...作證, 證明
call... to witness請...證明; 傳...做證人
give witness on behalf of sb.為某人作證
in witness of作為...的證明, 為...作證
4 silent, quiet, still, calm, noiseless
silent主要指人“沉默的,不出聲的”，但不一定無活動(dòng)。
quiet意為“安靜的,寧靜的”，指人時(shí)表示生性安靜，不易激動(dòng)；用于自然環(huán)境時(shí)，指沒有干擾活動(dòng)、沒有喧鬧聲的寂靜狀態(tài)。
still意為“安靜的，不動(dòng)的”，不指心理狀態(tài)，指環(huán)境和人“靜的，靜止的”狀態(tài)。
calm意為“鎮(zhèn)靜的，平靜的”，主要指人“沉著鎮(zhèn)定”，指自然界“無風(fēng)無浪”。
noiseless意為“聲音很輕的，無聲的”,常用來形容機(jī)器。
Exercises:（1）This is a ______ typewriter.
（2）In order not to lose the job, he kept _____ about the matter.
（3）It is a ______ place；I enjoy living here.
（4）Mary is a ______ girl.
（5）He remained ______ in face of danger.
（6）Stand ______ while I take a photo of you.
（7）We visited Beijing in ______ weather.
答案：（1）noiseless （2）silent （3）quiet （4）quiet （5）calm （6）still （7）calm
5 panic n.恐慌,驚慌[C\U]
Rumours of an imminent earthquake started a panic.謠傳即將發(fā)生地震引起了一陣恐慌。
feel panic感到驚慌
be in a panic在驚慌中
be seized with a panic驚慌失措
cause a panic引起恐慌
a.恐慌的;起于恐慌的 a panic fear莫明其妙的恐慌
vt.使恐慌（常與into連用）
The idea might panic the investors.這個(gè)想法可能會(huì)使投資者惶恐不安。
The banks were panicked into selling dollars.銀行驚恐地拋售美元。
vi.十分驚慌[(+at/over)]
"Don't panic, boys; there's no danger.""不要慌,孩子們;沒有危險(xiǎn)。"
6 Respond vi.作答,回答[(+to)]
Has she responded to your letter?她有沒有回過你的信?
作出反應(yīng);響應(yīng)[(+to/by/with)]
The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.
政府已在壓力下放棄了這一建議。
(對治療等)有良好反應(yīng);(對操縱等)作出靈敏反應(yīng)[(+to)]
The patient is responding well to treatment.病人對治療反應(yīng)良好。
Response n.回答, 響應(yīng), 反應(yīng)
in response to響應(yīng), 反應(yīng)
make no response不回答
7 slight adj.輕微的, 微小的
I have a slight headache.我有點(diǎn)輕微的頭疼。
a slight difference微小的區(qū)別
vt.輕[蔑]視;玩忽, 怠慢
feel slighted感覺受到輕蔑
slight one's work玩忽職守
make slight of輕視
not in the slightest一點(diǎn)不, 完全不
put a slight on [upon] sb.蔑視某人; 慢待[輕視]某人
slight over輕視; 草率從事
8 match vt.\Vi
使較量,使比賽[(+against/with)]
Read will be matched against Stone in the semifinal.里德將在半決賽中與斯通較量。
敵得過,比得上[(+for/in)]
His latest film doesn't match his previous ones.他最新的一部影片比不上他以前的一些影片。
These two are well matched in strength.他們倆勢均力敵。
和...相配,和...相稱
The color of the shirt does not match that of the tie.襯衫的顏色與領(lǐng)帶不相配。
The curtains do not match with the decoration.窗簾與室內(nèi)裝璜不相配。
使比較;使成對,使相配[(+with)]
Can you match this fabric?你能找一塊和這相配的布嗎?
n.比賽, 競賽;對手; 相似的人[物], 相配的人[物]
You are no match for him.你不是他的對手。
9 catch fire：著火
Eg. The house caught fire. 房子著火了。
相關(guān)歸納：（1）（be） on fire著火
Eg. When he arrived, he found the house was still on fire.他到的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)那幢房子還在燒。
（2）make a fire生火
Eg. They made a fire to keep warm. 他們生火取暖。
（3）start/light a fire點(diǎn)火
Eg. They started a fire to be seen by the rescuing team.他們點(diǎn)火好讓援救隊(duì)看見。
（4）put out the fire撲滅大火
Eg. The fire had been put out before the firemen arrived.
消防隊(duì)員還未趕到大火就被撲滅了。
（5）set...on fire/set fire to縱火，放火燒
Eg. The Japanese set fire to his house.日本人燒了他的家。
注意：fire所構(gòu)成的短語中定冠詞、不定冠詞、零冠詞的使用。
play with fire玩火；冒險(xiǎn)
under fire受到攻擊
10 count vt., vi.
點(diǎn)數(shù)；數(shù)；算to count from 1 to 100從1數(shù)到100
計(jì)算；清點(diǎn)；總計(jì)達(dá)…Count these apples.清點(diǎn)一下這些蘋果。
認(rèn)為；視為；看作[(+as/among)]
count it an honor (to do sth.)（把做某事）引以為榮
You should count yourself fortunate in having good health.
你身體健康,這就算幸運(yùn)了
有價(jià)值；重要；有用Every second counts.每一秒鐘都很重要。
In sport what really counts is not the winning but the playing.
就運(yùn)動(dòng)而言,重要的不是贏,而是參與。
count down倒數(shù)計(jì)時(shí)
count on依靠;指望；期待 (= count upon) count out 〈拳擊〉宣告失敗
11 free from
v.解除
ph.沒有;免于;無...之憂;無...之?dāng)v雜
12 upside down adv.顛倒, 混亂
13 roll over(睡時(shí))翻身, 反側(cè)