模塊三 語法專練：名詞性從句
【考點(diǎn)透視】
在中學(xué)英語中，名詞性從句是復(fù)合句中構(gòu)成和分類最為復(fù)雜的部分。根據(jù)近年來高考英語命題的走向，今后它將仍然是考查的熱點(diǎn)。其主要考點(diǎn)分布在：名詞性從句的語序、名詞性從句的連接詞的辨析、有關(guān)名詞性從句的常見句型等。
名詞性從句在句中的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，共有四種：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞有：
①連接代詞：who，whose，whom，what，which。
②連接副詞：when，where，why，how。
③其他連接詞：that，whether，if，as if。
注意：
①連接代詞和連接副詞在句中不是疑問詞，因此從句中不用疑問式(即不要倒裝)。
②連接代詞和連接副詞在句中充當(dāng)句子成分。
③連接詞that，whether，if，as if在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分。
（一）主語從句
主語從句在句中作主語，它可以放在主句謂語動詞之前，但是當(dāng)主語從句太長時，同是把它放在句子后部，前面用it作形式主語，如：
It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. 你來還是不來，關(guān)系不大。
(whether you will come or not是主語從句，it在句中作形式主語)
（二）表語從句
表語從句在句中作表語，位于主句系動詞之后。如：
That’s why he was late.
注意：表語從句還可用as if引導(dǎo)。如：
She looked as if she was going to cry.
（三）賓語從句
賓語從句在句子中作及物動詞或介詞賓語，在使用賓語從句時有以下幾點(diǎn)需要注意：
1．時態(tài)呼應(yīng)：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)，賓語從句要使用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。
2．介詞之后的賓語從句，一般不用if或which連接，要用what或whether。
3．whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)動詞之后的賓語從句，二者常可互換，但是在正式文體中．或從句中有or not時，只用whether，不用if。
4．注意否定前移：當(dāng)主句是I / We think (或suppose，expect，believe，imagine，guess) 時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定的，常常把否定詞not從從句移到主句。比較：
I think you are not right.
I don’t think you are right.
I believe they won’t win the game.
I don’t believe they will win the game.
（四）同位語從句
同位語從句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名詞后面，用以說明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。常跟同位語從句的名詞主要有：idea，news，fact，promise，answer，belief，condition．doubt，fear，hope，problem，proof，question，reply，report，suggestion，thought，truth等。
同位語從句可由that，whether，when，how等連詞引導(dǎo)。
【題例精析】
【例1】 Your ability has never been in doubt - the question is _______ you are prepared to work hard. （2007啟東中學(xué)3月卷）
A. that B. whether
C. if D. how
【易錯點(diǎn)悟】解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意連接詞if 和whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法區(qū)別。
【要點(diǎn)精析】根據(jù)題干意義“……問題是你是否準(zhǔn)備努力學(xué)習(xí)”，因此選項(xiàng)A、D不符合句子意思；if在名詞性從句中僅可以連接賓語從句，不可引導(dǎo)其它名詞性從句，故應(yīng)排除。
【答案】B
【例2】The recent information has been put forward________ more high school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. as B. which
C. while D. that
【易錯點(diǎn)悟】解答該題的關(guān)鍵是分析句子意思，推斷從句類型。
【要點(diǎn)精析】該題是主語從句，分析從句意義可知，選項(xiàng)B、C、D連接主語從句時，意義不成立，故應(yīng)選連接詞that，that在此無意義，僅起連接作用。
【答案】A
【專項(xiàng)檢測】
1. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from ______ she used to be.
A. that B. whom
C. what D. who
2. Who do you think the doctor will have _______ first, John or Kate?
A. examine B. to examine
C. examining D. examined
3. ―What Re you anxious about?
―__________.
A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeed
C. Do we succeed D. That we can succeed
4. Everything depends on ________ they will support you about it.
A. if B. which
C. whether D. that
5. Lily has some idea ______ she’s going to be when she grows up.
A. what B. that
C. as D. which
6. _____ happens to call while I am out of the office, please have him leave the message for me.
A. Who B. Anyone
C. Someone D. Whoever
7. ―Would you like to have a swim with us in the sea?
―I will ask my palms _________.
A. whether they will agree to do B. if they let me go
C. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to
8. The reason why I plan to go is _______ if I don’t.
A. because she will be disappointed
B. that she will be disappointed
C. because she will have a disappointment
D. for she will be disappointed
9. ―I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.
― Oh, that was probably ______ I was seeing a doeth.
A. when B. why
C. what D. that
10. That is _______ I was born and grew up.
A. there B. in which
C. where D. the place
11. Please tell me _____ you would like to have your coffee ―black or white?
A. what B. where
C. when D. how
12. I don’t think ______ Jenny can come home this weekend.
A. if B. why
C. that D. when
13. ______ get such a book?
A. Where do you think can I B. Do you think where can I
C. Do you think when I can D. Where do you think I can
14. ―My foot hurts terribly, doctor.
―Well, I wonder ______ it has been like this.
A. since when B. since then
C. how D. when
15. ―Do you know _____ Mr. Black’s address is?
―He may live at No. 18 or 19 Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ________.
A. what; which B. where; which
C. where; what D. what; where
16. Those children me wild. I feel sorry for _______ has to be their babysitter.
A. whoever B. who
C. whomever D. someone
17. ―Do _______ you think is right, _________ they say.
―Yes. I_________.
A. as; what; do B. as; whatever; will
C. what; what; can D. what; whatever; will
18. Do you know _______ the peasants make of the fallen fruit?
A. how B. how useful
C. what D. what use
19. ―John has got a very good job in the government.
―_______ he looks so happy.
A. It’s natural B. That’s because
C. No wonder D. As though
20. ―Do you mind if Jim will come to help?
― I really don’t know ______ a person like him can help me with.
A. what B that
C. how D. if
21. It was said _____ was all ______ he said.
A. that that; that B. that that what
C. which it; that D. that what; that
22. A man’s worth lies not so much in _____ he has but in _______ he is.
A. what; who B. what; what
C. that; that D. what; all
23. He was so angry at all _______ he was doing ________ he walked out.
A. what; that B. that; that
C. that; what D. what; what
24. If the south had won the war,________ is now the United States might have been divided into several countries.
A. what B. where
C. then D. that
25. It was with great courage ______ the boy told the truth _______ he had stolen the money.
A. which; that B. when; what
C. as; that D. that; that
26. ________ I can’t understand is ________ she wants to change her mind.
A. What; why B. Which; bow
C. That; why D. What; because
27. That was______ was first called “India” by Columbus.
A. what B. where
C. ale place D. then, where
28. It is said that the famous football star is not waling to play for ________ would pay him three million dollars a year.
A. anyone B. whomever
C. no matter who D. whoever
29. ―Did you hear the news this morning?
―Oh, yes, ________ was announced on the radio has caused great excitement among pupils.
A. that B. what
C. something D. all what
30. In some countries, ________ are called “public schools” are not owned by the public.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
31. ________ happens in the world makes us happy and sad by turns.
A. That B. What
C. Which D. Whether
32. One of the men present held the view _______ the book said was fight.
A. what that B. what
C. that D. that what
33. Living things are dying nut quickly. First, we should ask ______ destroying them in the past years.
A. what pad people have been playing
B. people have played in
C. what part people have played in
D. people have been playing what part
34. I remember_______ the factory owned a small workshop and 2 machines.
A. when B. how
C. whether D. what
35. _______ people spend so much money on their pets _________ us a lot.
A. That; surprises B. What; surprising
C. How; are surprised D. That; is surprised
36. Now that you have a job, you must exert yourself in _______ you do at work.
A. however B. no matter what
C. no matter how D. whatever
37. Mary said it was very important to her that she ________ her work.
A. is liking B. like
C. likes D. liked
38. _______ all the inventions have in common is _______ they have succeeded.
A. What; what B. That; that
C. What; that D. That; what
39. The boy dived into the water and after _______ seemed to be a long time. he came up again.
A. what B. that
C. it D. which
40. It was not until dark _____ he found _______ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
A. that; what B. that; that
C. when; that D. wheal what
41. Professor Lee’s book will show you _____ can be used in other fields.
A. that you have obeyed B. how that yon have observe
C. how that you have observed D. how what you have observed
42. Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and _______ more than 10,000 years ago.
A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now
C. is now Alike D. what is now Alaska
43. Mr. Brown said that he was always right, then I discovered, _________ was news to me, to _____he was wrong.
A. which; because B. which; as
C. what; that D. it; that
44. Why don't you bring _________ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
A. this B. that
C. what D. it
45. We believe ________ you have been devoted to _______ naturally of great necessity.
A. that; being B. all that; be
C. that all; are D. what; is
46. Having traveled eight hours on end, we finally reached ______ is now a big city.
A. which B. what
C. where D. it
47. She knew nothing about his journey _______ he is likely to be away for three months.
A. except B. except for
C. except mm D. in addition
48. All I want to say is _______ we need more time.
A. this B. it
C. that D. which
49. His ability has never been in doubt ― the question is ______ he is prepared to work hard.
A. whether B. if
C. that D. where
50. ________ they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
A. What B. That
C. How D. Whether
51. ―Where would you like to go?
―I don't mind _____ I go; I will go _____ you want to go.
A. where; the place B. where; wherever
C. the place; wherever D. wherever; no matter where
52. Although ________ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.
A. this B. what
C. how D. it
53. I'm wondering _______ he expects will win the gold medal in the men's Single.
A. who B. whom
C. which D what
54. ―What is that building?
― ________ the students have their dancing classes.
A. The building that B. There
C. That's the building which D. That's where
55. ―I don't think that Bob will come here again today.
―Please give the book to _______ comes here first.
A. whoever B. whomever
C. who D. whom
56. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, ________ we would admit him for a short period.
A. / B. that
C. whether D. what
57. The doctors are trying to reduce the patient’s fear _________he would die of the disease.
A. which B. when
C. that D. if
58. It is strange that such a thing _________ in your school.
A. will happen B. happens
C. should happen D. happened
59. Is it true ________ the rain stops, it will be as hot as in the summer here? (2006啟東4月卷)
A. when B. that when
C. whenever D. that
60. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. （2006重慶卷）
A. why B. that
C. where D. because
61. Please remind me ____ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. (2006全國卷I)
A. where B. when
C. how D. what
62. ―It’s thirty years since we last met.
―But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____ we got lost on a rainy night.
(2006四川卷)
A. which B. that
C. what D. when
【答案解析】
1．C。what he /she / it used to be已經(jīng)成為一種習(xí)慣說法，意為“過去的樣子”。what指一種情況，并非指人，所以不可用who/whom。正確答案是C。
2．D。who可以代替whom在句中作have的賓語。而examined和賓語存在被動關(guān)系，用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。正確答案是D。
3．A。主句承前省略，答案只保留了賓語從句，這樣不管在意義和結(jié)構(gòu)方面都要和賓語從句一致；由上下文情景可知A選項(xiàng)最佳。
4．C。depend on是固定詞組“依靠”，其中介詞on之后的賓語從句只可用whether引導(dǎo)。
5．A。idea是從句前面的先行名詞；what引導(dǎo)同位語從句，在從句中作賓語。很明顯從句部分是對前面先行名詞的具體內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步說明。正確答案是A。
6．D。whoever表示“無論是誰”。正確答案是D。
7．C。本題考點(diǎn)是賓語從句。go是第一次出現(xiàn)，不可省略；是“父母親讓我去(let me go)”才合題意。正確答案是C。
8．B。the reason后面的表語從句中應(yīng)用that而不是because引導(dǎo)。正確答案是B。
9．A。題意：“你十點(diǎn)鐘打電話時”正是“我看醫(yī)生之時”。在題干中用作表語從句。
10．C。where引導(dǎo)表語從句，B項(xiàng)不能引導(dǎo)表語從句，其他選項(xiàng)意思與題干不符。
11．D。加牛奶的咖啡為white coffee，所以black or white表示方式，這樣以說明說話人想要表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確意義。正確答案是D。
12．C。本題考查賓語從句。Jenny can come home this weekend是個完整的句子，因此引導(dǎo)詞用that。
13．D。do you think為插入語，在含有插入語的句子中，謂語動詞用陳述句語序。正確答案是D。
14．A。句意所缺部分表示“自從何時起”。when引導(dǎo)的部分說明的是一個時間點(diǎn)。
15．A。What's one's address?是表示問某人地址的交際語，不可用when。which描指代十八或十九中的一個。
16．A。所缺引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句且作has的主語。因此要使用主格，在從句中充當(dāng)主語。
17．D。you think為插入語；whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；I will表示將來的動作。正確答案是D。
18．D。make use of 中的use被當(dāng)作了先行詞。正確答案是D。
19．C。no wonder表示“難怪；怪不得”。后面的部分用作同位語從句。
20．A。本題考點(diǎn)是賓語從句。其中help sb. with sth.用法中的賓語由what充當(dāng)。
21．A。本題考查 it + be + v-ed +that-從句。第一個空中的第二個that表示“那”，第二空中的that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾all。正確答案是A。
22．B。he has和he is后分別需要賓語和表語，what引導(dǎo)從句。正確答案是B。
23．B。第一空中由that引導(dǎo)定語從句，第二空后是so ... that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。
24．A。what引導(dǎo)土語從句，吐在主句中用作主語。
25．D。第一空引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，后一空引導(dǎo)同位語從句，其先行名詞是truth，說明其具體內(nèi)容。
26．A。what引導(dǎo)主語從句，且作understand的賓語，后一空表示原因。
27．A。本題考查主語從句。what引導(dǎo)主語從句，且作was called的主語。
28，D。whoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且作would pay的主語。
29．B。what引導(dǎo)主語從句，且作主語。
30．C。what引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在主語從句中作主語。句意為“在許多國家，所謂的公立學(xué)校并非公眾所有”。
31．B。that引導(dǎo)主語從句只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分，無意義，但不能省略。what除引導(dǎo)主語外，還在從句中作成分。which指一定范圍內(nèi)的“哪一個”；whether意為“是否”。根據(jù)句意“世上的事喜憂交替”可知答案為B。
32．D。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句：what the book said是同位語從句中的主語。正確答案是D。
33．C。賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序，play a part in意為“(在……中)扮演角色，(在……中)起作用”。
34．A。該屬考查when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。句意為“我記得曾經(jīng)這個工廠只有一個小車間和兩臺機(jī)器”，只有when指時間。
35．A。第一空考查主語從句，主謂賓齊全，要用that引導(dǎo)，第二空考查謂語動詞，用單數(shù)形式。
36．D。在介詞的賓語從句中作do的賓語，要用what或whoever。
37．B。在It is important/necessary that ...句型中，it是形式主語，其后的從句是主語從句；主語從句要用虛擬語氣，should可省略。直接用動詞原形。
38．C。第一空考查主語從句中what充當(dāng)have的賓語，第二空考查表語從句，不缺成分，that不可省。
39．A。在after之后的賓語從句中缺主語要用what，而不用it，表示the period/time that，意為“在那看似很長的一段時間之后”。
40．A。第一空是考查not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，第二空是賓語從句中的主語，用what。
41．D。這是賓語從句里再帶有主語從句的復(fù)雜的句子。章為：“李教授的書將告訴你所觀察到的東西如何應(yīng)用到其他領(lǐng)域”。
42．D。考查賓語從句中充當(dāng)主語的方法。what相當(dāng)于the place that...。
43．C。第一空是考查插入語的用法，第二空是賓語從句以that引導(dǎo)。
44．D。考查it作形式賓語的用法。真正的賓語為后面的that從句。
45．D。本題考查賓語從句中包含主語從句的用法。第一空what在主語從句中作devote to的賓語。第二空be of great necessity表示“很有必要”。
46．D。考查賓語從句中what充當(dāng)主語的用法。what相當(dāng)于the place that。故答案是B。
47．C。A、B項(xiàng)是介詞，不可接從句。此題考查“except(介詞) + 賓語從句”的用法。
48．C。在表語從句中不充當(dāng)成分的用that，不可省略。故正確答案是C。
49．A。考查以whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語。意為：“他的能力毋庸置疑--問題是他是否準(zhǔn)備努力工作。”故正確答案是A。
50．B。在主語從句中不缺成分，用that，不可省略。意為：“她們是真正的姐妹，這從她們的面部長相就可看出。”故正確答案是B。
51．B。第一空考查以what引導(dǎo)的從句作mind的賓語。第二空是wherever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
52．B。讓步狀語從句中又帶有一個主語從句，并且作主語，用what。故正確答案是B。
53．A。在wondering后的賓語從句中，who作主語，并且?guī)в胁迦胝Zhe expects。
54．D。考查以where引導(dǎo)的表語從句，如用C要改為：That's the building when...那就是where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。故正確答案是D。
55．A。whoever既引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作介詞to的賓語，又在從句中作主語，表示“任何一個”，不可用whoever。
56．B。... in view of his special circumstances表示“鑒于他的特殊情況”，作插人語，后面是以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。故正確答案是D。
57．C。考查以that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作fear的同位語，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分。
58．C。在It’s strange / necessary / important ... that ...句型中，用虛擬語氣，should十動詞，should可以省略，但不可以換成would。
59．B。that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句。when the rain stops在主語從句中是時間狀語從句。
60．B。題干中的reason是同位語從句中的先行名詞，該名詞和其后的從句被介詞短語分隔，這樣給解題造成一定的難度。reason后的同位語從句用that引導(dǎo)。本題答案B。
61．B。本題考查賓語從句的連接詞。根據(jù)上下文的意思，后半部分說的是“我可以及時去給他送行”，說明要求提示的是“時間”。本題答案為B。
62．B。本題考查同位語從句。其中先行詞和從句部分被插入語所分隔。從句具體說明了先行名詞的內(nèi)容。本題答案為B。