初三英語(yǔ)初升高英語(yǔ)銜接班第1講
一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
初升高英語(yǔ)銜接班第1講
二. 重、難點(diǎn)：
（一）認(rèn)識(shí)初、高中英語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
即將開始的高中學(xué)習(xí)生活，特別是英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)是與初中階段有著很大不同的：
1. 課本編排上的區(qū)別：初中的每一個(gè)單元是分為4課的，每篇中有的是對(duì)話，有的是閱讀文，也配有一些練習(xí)，而高中的每個(gè)單元并不分課，而是基本上按版塊劃分，大體為“Warming up”（熱身），即是針對(duì)本單元的話題提出的一些問(wèn)題，以練習(xí)口語(yǔ)的形式做引子，便于進(jìn)入本單元的主題，然后為“l(fā)istening”（聽力）和“speaking”（說(shuō)），這兩部分都是旨在進(jìn)一步提高我們的聽、說(shuō)能力，難度較初中有較大的提高，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們做好準(zhǔn)備。下個(gè)部分就是“Reading”了，高中的閱讀文分為閱讀前和閱讀后的討論、思考問(wèn)題并加入了有關(guān)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)及練習(xí)，可以說(shuō)在內(nèi)容上是極大地豐富了。除此之外還會(huì)有稍短的閱讀，寫作等方面的練習(xí)，即“Integrating skills”（綜合訓(xùn)練）當(dāng)然書后的workbook也與初中不同，內(nèi)容更為豐富，練習(xí)也更多。
2. 在詞匯上的區(qū)別：我們初中的教材已是新版本了，每個(gè)單元的單詞可能大家覺(jué)得已經(jīng)不少了，但高中教材中的詞匯更是成倍甚至是成三倍地增加了，這也是新編教材的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，加入了許多當(dāng)前常用的，新出現(xiàn)的流行的詞匯，也是與我們學(xué)的新編初中課本相承接的，所以，為了能盡快適應(yīng)高中詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)，我們應(yīng)該及早著手把初中階段的詞匯再熟悉一遍。
另外，對(duì)于高中英語(yǔ)詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)，大家還要知道其要求是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于初中的，在學(xué)習(xí)單詞時(shí)，我們既要了解它在文中的意思，還要掌握它在練習(xí)中，考試中可能出現(xiàn)的所有意思，用法及搭配等。
3. 在所學(xué)語(yǔ)法上的區(qū)別：在初中階段我們把基礎(chǔ)的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)了，而在高中我們要學(xué)習(xí)的是更深更高層次的語(yǔ)法。如定語(yǔ)從句，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣等等，其中的部分內(nèi)容我們并不陌生，但是初中我們所接觸的還只是皮毛，高中階段的學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)比之前的所學(xué)內(nèi)容復(fù)雜得多，所以我們要充分利用暑假把之前的漏洞彌補(bǔ)好，在后面的學(xué)習(xí)中，我們也會(huì)一起與大家重溫這些知識(shí)并將之與高中內(nèi)容做一對(duì)比，為大家步入高中學(xué)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ)。
4. 在課堂要求上的區(qū)別：大部分的初中對(duì)學(xué)生的要求還是比較嚴(yán)格的，而這種嚴(yán)格與小學(xué)又是不同的，所以有一部分自覺(jué)性差的學(xué)生就被分化出來(lái)，在稍微寬松的環(huán)境中，對(duì)自己要求降低導(dǎo)致了滑坡的出現(xiàn)，而升入高中后又會(huì)有新的變化，對(duì)于自律要求就更加明顯了。如果你是按照老師要求做的學(xué)生，那么在高中除了把基本要求做好之外，自己一定不可放松，適當(dāng)增加課外閱讀及一些課外習(xí)題是有必要的；如果你是不太自覺(jué)的學(xué)生，那么你要努力改掉自己的毛病，除了完成要求交給老師的作業(yè)，那些如讀、背等要求也要認(rèn)真完成才能使自己的高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)逐步走上軌道。不管你屬于哪一種，都要持之以恒，千萬(wàn)不可因?yàn)槿魏卧蚨潘蓪?duì)自己的要求，即便是你已取得了一定成績(jī)，也沒(méi)有理由沾沾自喜。
5. 在考試評(píng)估制度上的區(qū)別：這一區(qū)別可能是影響最大的一點(diǎn)，我們?cè)S多同學(xué)初中英語(yǔ)一直較差的原因在很大程度上是由于初中這種不正常的考試制度，很多人認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)不用下功夫?qū)W，反正最后背背答案就可過(guò)關(guān)，這樣成績(jī)不錯(cuò)，學(xué)得也很輕松。一旦抱有這種想法，初中這個(gè)重要的打基礎(chǔ)的階段就被荒廢過(guò)去了，這對(duì)我們升入高中后的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)是極為不利的，這就好比是建造沒(méi)有基礎(chǔ)的空中樓閣，肯定會(huì)感到很難，很吃力。進(jìn)入高中之后我們的考試是沒(méi)有范圍的，不能靠背答案過(guò)關(guān)，而且所學(xué)所考的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該都是向高考看齊的，難度肯定不小，但同學(xué)們也不要害怕，只要認(rèn)真努力，堅(jiān)持不懈，做好充分迎接失敗的心理準(zhǔn)備，然后在每次經(jīng)歷中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地彌補(bǔ)自己的不足，肯定會(huì)取得很好的成績(jī)。
（二）基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法再回顧--句子結(jié)構(gòu)
英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)組成是與漢語(yǔ)有著很大區(qū)別的，我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候，很多同學(xué)受母語(yǔ)的影響太大，在英文寫作時(shí)完全按照漢語(yǔ)的順序?qū)⒂⑽倪M(jìn)行堆砌，這是因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)于英文句子的構(gòu)成尚未掌握或掌握得不熟練，沒(méi)有形成英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣。規(guī)范的英文是由“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他”。這種基本形式構(gòu)成的，這種只有一套主、謂的句子叫做簡(jiǎn)單句，它有5種基本形式，即主+謂（vi.）；主+系+表；主+謂（vt.）+賓；主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)；主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)。由此可見(jiàn)，要想用英文正確表述一個(gè)意思，寫成一句話，必須要有的就是主語(yǔ)和可以充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，而且當(dāng)這個(gè)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后不可加賓語(yǔ)，當(dāng)它是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)要求和該詞的用法在其后加上賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)及賓補(bǔ)或加上雙賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)然在這5種形式中系表結(jié)構(gòu)也是很常用，很重要的一種，而且系表動(dòng)詞常容易和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞相混，從而導(dǎo)致了一些病句的出現(xiàn)。綜上所述，我們要想較好地掌握英文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)必須弄清以下幾點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：
1. 可以充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的幾種形式：
既然謂語(yǔ)部分是構(gòu)成句子的必要成份，那么掌握好它就起到了舉足輕重的作用，謂語(yǔ)部分可由以下幾種構(gòu)成方式：
（1）不及物動(dòng)詞可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。
如：
They arrived yesterday .
（2）及物動(dòng)詞要加上賓語(yǔ)之后才可構(gòu)成完整的結(jié)構(gòu)，另外，如果不及物動(dòng)詞后加上了一定的介詞，那么介詞后也要有賓語(yǔ)才能完整。
如：
They reached Tianjin yesterday .
They arrived in Tianjin yesterday .
他們昨天到達(dá)了天津。
（3）系表結(jié)構(gòu)可以構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。
如：She is a student . 她是個(gè)學(xué)生。
He felt very happy . 他感到很高興。
（4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要加上動(dòng)詞原形后才可構(gòu)成完整的謂語(yǔ)部分。
如：
We should protect our environment . 我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。
那么，動(dòng)詞的哪些形式可構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)呢？
① 行為動(dòng)詞的原形：do
② 行為動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)：does
③ 行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：did
④ be+行為動(dòng)詞-ing形式：be doing
⑤ be+行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：be done
⑥ will+行為動(dòng)詞原詞：will do
⑦ have / has / had+行為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞：have / has / had done
⑧ 系表動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)
2. 系表動(dòng)詞與行為動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：
系表動(dòng)詞是表示狀態(tài)變化等的動(dòng)詞，它包括be動(dòng)詞及一些可充當(dāng)系表動(dòng)詞的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其中后者在充當(dāng)系表動(dòng)詞時(shí)含義與充分行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)是不同的。系表動(dòng)詞后面接的是表語(yǔ)，而可以充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的是一些可以表示狀態(tài)、特征、特性等內(nèi)容的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)，如形容詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)一些副詞、從句等等。這里我們尤其要注意的就是可充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的一些副詞指的是可以表征狀態(tài)特點(diǎn)的副詞，如：
Class is over . 中的over表示的就是“結(jié)束了，完了”的這種狀態(tài)。而很多副詞并沒(méi)有這種功能，自然也就不可以充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)，如happy和happily，前者為形容詞可表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，而后者是形容以何方式做的某事，是在修飾動(dòng)作，而非表示狀態(tài)，因而，前者可作表語(yǔ)，后者則不可充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。
行為動(dòng)詞則是指描述具體或抽象行為、動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，它可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩種，如果想修飾這樣的動(dòng)詞，則需要像happily這樣的副詞或是有相似的功能的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)。
如：
She went home happily . 她高興地回家了。
He did it with great difficulty . 我費(fèi)了很大勁才完成了這件事。
3. 要掌握準(zhǔn)動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)、用法及搭配：
在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，尤其是重點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，我們一定要知道它是哪種動(dòng)詞，及物？不及物？可否充當(dāng)系表動(dòng)詞？有的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)較多，可能同時(shí)具有多種性質(zhì)，這就需要我們注意它在何時(shí)可充當(dāng)哪種動(dòng)詞。另外，對(duì)于動(dòng)詞的用法我們也要掌握，如每個(gè)動(dòng)詞后可帶或常帶什么結(jié)構(gòu)，它有哪些習(xí)慣搭配，可構(gòu)成什么詞組等。
4. 在寫簡(jiǎn)單句時(shí)的方法：
我們要注意簡(jiǎn)單句的順序一般應(yīng)為主、謂、賓，而一些狀語(yǔ)如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)方式等等狀語(yǔ)則要放到主要結(jié)構(gòu)后面出現(xiàn)。當(dāng)然，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)需要，狀語(yǔ)的位置會(huì)有所變化，但我們?cè)趯懢渥訒r(shí)一定要把握好以上原則，而不能按照漢語(yǔ)去逐個(gè)翻譯。如“我們騎車去上學(xué)。”這個(gè)句子如果按照漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣很可能會(huì)寫成：We by bike go to school .或更有甚者可能還會(huì)寫出類似這樣的句子：We by bike to go to school .或We take a bike go to school . 等等錯(cuò)誤的句子。但如果我們按照英文習(xí)慣來(lái)寫就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)以上錯(cuò)誤了，主語(yǔ)We+謂語(yǔ)go to school+狀語(yǔ)by bike也就是We go to school by bike .
詞語(yǔ)辨析（一）
1. - Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata ?
- Yes , it really beautiful .
A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears
2. The Internet it easy to get much new information in a short time .
A. finds B. makes C. feels D. takes
3. - Oh , you painted the walls yourself ?
- Yes . It was not hard . The whole work didn’t much .
A. want B. cost C. spend D. pay
4. Soon Wu Dong up with Li Lei , then they were neck and neck .
A. taught B. caught C. bought D. brought
5. They will Guangzhou tonight .
A. arrive B. get C. reach D. go
6. - Do you still have a headache , Billy ?
- No , it’s . I’m all right now , mum .
A. dropped B. run C. left D. gone
7. It will about half an hour to get to the park by bus .
A. spend B. cost C. want D. take
8. I didn’t quite what the teacher said . Could you ask him to it again ?
A. catch , speak B. hear , talk C. follow , explain D. listen , say
9. - will you finish your homework ?
- In half an hour .
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. What time
10. They watched the game , and then they were invited to it .
A. join B. join in C. take part D. attend
11. It’s going to rain . We’d better our things , so that they will not get wet .
A. put up B. put down C. put away D. put in
12. - Where can we get a football ?
- Let’s .
A. lend Jim one B. lend one to Jim
C. borrow one from Jim D. borrow one of Jim
13. When she was 22 years old , her dream to be a teacher .
A. came true B. come true C. came real D. come real
14. It’s that some foreign students will come to our school next week .
A. sure B. right C. real D. true
15. We made several different plans for out holiday , but we went to Huangshan .
A. at the end B. in the end C. by the end D. to the end
16. He was looking very with himself , so I knew he had passed the examination .
A. please B. pleasing C. pleased D. pleasant
17. He had a strange way of making his class and interesting .
A. live B. lively C. living D. alive
18. - When is he going to leave ?
- next week .
A. Sometime B. Some time C. Sometimes D. Some times
19. What words can you talk about the picture ?
A. used to B. use to C. look for D. look up
20. Ted , the radio is too loud . Please .
A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it down
21. - Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008 ?
- I don’t think so . Now the young the old can speak some English .
A. either , or B. not only , but also C. neither , nor D. both , or
22. - Look ! The bus is coming .
- But there are too many people . We can’t it .
A. get off B. get down C. get on D. get up
23. Again and again the doctor the crying girl , but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with her .
A. looked over B. looked after C. looked for D. looked out
24. - Hello ! Can I speak to Alice , please ?
- , please .
A. Call on B. Go on C. Hold on D. Carry on
詞語(yǔ)辨析（二）
1. Don’t the road when the light is red .
A. across B. cross C. pass D. past
2. I’m thirsty . Please me something to drink .
A. take B. bring C. carry D. show
3. If you to learn a foreign language well , you must practise it every day .
A. like B. love C. want D. think
4. This digital camera is so expensive that I can’t it .
A. carry B. use C. pay D. afford
5. I’m not tall enough to the book on the top of the shelf .
A. feel B. take C. arrive D. reach
6. We are going to plant trees tomorrow . Would you like to us ?
A. follow B. share C. join D. enjoy
7. I you a pleasant journey .
A. wish B. hope C. expect D. want
8. What would you like to us about your hometown ?
A. speak B. talk C. tell D. say
9. Young people must learn to what is right and what is wrong .
A. speak B. talk C. tell D. say
10. Did you your pen-friend every month ?
A. heard about B. hear from C. heard of D. hear to
11. This is very difficult . I can’t work it out .
A. math B. physics C. question D. problem
12. The young lady over there our new English teacher .
A. may B. maybe C. may be D. can be
13. We should keep in the reading-room .
A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly
14. There was a strange sound outside . Mary went out and around , but she
nothing .
A. looked , saw B. saw , saw C. watched , looked D. looked , find
15. Father is sleeping . Please the radio .
A. turn on B. put down C. turn down D. put on
16. It’s not polite to others when they are in trouble .
A. get on well with B. play games with C. laugh at D. wait for
17. Jack always runs faster than Peter , but this time he him .
A. went over B. fell behind C. put off D. dropped off
18. More and more foreigners want to their companies in Dalian .
A. clean up B. look up C. pick up D. open up
19. - Can I use the expression in the text ?
- No . It has . Nobody uses it today .
A. given up B. broken down C. gone out D. got off
20. I don’t know Sam’s telephone number . Will you please in your address book for me ?
A. look up it B. look it up C. look for it D. look at it
21. We could see nothing because the lights suddenly .
A. went on B. went over C. went down D. went out
22. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to there are no mistakes .
A. look for B. make sure C. find out D. think about
23. Mrs. Green is out , I have to her baby at home .
A. look at B. take out C. look for D. take care of
24. They often help the farmers to the crops in autumn .
A. get in B. get on C. get back D. get to
詞語(yǔ)辨析（三）
1. Let’s him a message to meet us at the station .
A. take B. get C. leave D. receive
2. Never forget to “ Excuse me ” when you trouble somebody .
A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk
3. The war another three years before it ended in 1864 .
A. had B. went C. fought D. lasted
4. The girl’s team us in the football match .
A. beat B. knock C. hit D. won
5. He spoke so fast that I could not what he said .
A. touch B. catch C. hear D. find
6. We can what is happening on the other side of the world by telephone .
A. learn B. hear C. see D. understand
7. This bus was built to less than 60 passengers .
A. carry B. take C. accept D. keep
8. The meeting room is large enough to fifty people .
A. keep B. have C. hold D. fill
9. I got up late this morning , so I had a breakfast and hurried to school .
A. fast B. quick C. rapid D. soon
10. Many people were burnt to in the fire .
A. die B. dead C. death D. dying
11. She has been in Tianjin for ten years . Tianjin has become her second .
A. family B. house C. home D. room
12. We Chinese have sent a spaceship into .
A. space B. sky C. heaven D. universe
13. Tom’s ill in hospital and his mother is him .
A. looking for B. looking over C. looking at D. looking after
14. China another spaceship , “ Shenzhou III ” into space in March from the Satellite Centre in China .
A. put up B. put off C. sent up D. sent away
15. The students in our class very well with each other .
A. get in B. get up C. get on D. get to
16. Tim felt too hungry when he got home . He quickly all the food on the table .
A. ate up B. looked up C. took up D. ate out
17. The ticket is on the floor . Could you please for me ?
A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up
18. You may and then decide if you’ll buy it .
A. try on it B. try out it C. try it on D. try it out
19. - What’s wrong with your aunt , Bill ?
- She’s very ill . A doctor must be .
A. sent back B. sent up C. sent away D. sent for
20. The government will some new colleges for more students to receive higher education .
A. set up B. set out C. put down D. put on
21. “ Get a ladder , please . I can’t . ” Jim said in a tall tree .
A. come back B. come out C. come down D. come over
22. - Did Jack come for the meeting last night ?
- No . He was so tired that he soon in his room .
A. fell behind B. fell off C. fell asleep D. fell over
23. If you don’t know a word , you must the word in a dictionary .
A. look up B. look down C. look over D. look out
24. Please the TV . I’d like to see the TV play .
A. turn up B. turn on C. turn down D. turn off
詞語(yǔ)辨析（四）
1. If you make a lot of , you may disturb others .
A. noise B. noisy C. voice D. sound
2. Dad told us a very interesting story , which made all of us .
A. smile B. smiling C. laugh D. laughing
3. My father is ill . I stay at home and look after him .
A. have to B. must C. don’t have to D. mustn’t
4. I’m sure our football team will the team from No. 3 Middle School .
A. win B. beat C. lose D. fail
5. It took her afternoon to check out information .
A. the whole , the all B. the whole , all the
C. whole , all the D. whole the , the all
6. Could you please help me the children ?
A. wear B. dress C. put on D. dress in
7. The doctor will operate on him at once as soon as he the hospital .
A. is sent to B. will be taken to C. leaves D. doesn’t return
8. Jack , all the things on the desk .
A. puts away B. put away C. puts on D. took away
9. , young man ! If you’re late for work again , you’ll lose your job .
A. Watch your step B. Take it easy C. Use your head D. Have a look
10. - I’m going to school now . Bye , Mum .
- Wait ! It’s cold outside . your coat , please .
A. Put on B. Take off C. Put up D. Take down
11. - Mr. Black , some boys are going to fight .
- You’d better the police .
A. send for B. send to C. look for D. look over
12. He has for three or four days .
A. got a headache B. fallen ill C. caught a cold D. had a cold
13. The farmers are all busy the next year .
A. get ready for B. got ready for
C. getting ready for D. gets ready for
14. The students will the hole the earth .
A. fill , with B. full , to C. fill , to D. full , by
15. Jim Kate broke the mirror . The cat did .
A. Both , and B. Either , or C. Neither , nor D. Not , but
16. - When is the plane to Shanghai going to take off ?
- . Please get ready as soon as possible .
A. For a moment B. Just a moment
C. In a moment D. A moment ago
17. - Why are you in such a hurry ?
- I was told that my mother had been sent to the hospital . I have to leave .
A. before long B. right now C. from now on D. all the time
18. When the headmaster came into the hall , all the students to welcome him .
A. sat down B. went out C. stood up D. turned back
19. Miss Li told the children to walk one after another . She didn’t want them to in the park .
A. get wrong B. get away C. get lost D. get ready
20. I have friends . They often come to see me .
A. a quite new B. a few quite C. quite a few D. quite few
21. Uncle Wang is man that he always helps others .
A. such friend of B. such a friendly C. such friendly a D. such a wonderful
22. Lucy said she hadn’t heard music before .
A. such a beautiful piece of B. a beautiful
C. so beautiful a D. such a wonderful
23. After we them , we the last match .
A. beat , beat B. won , beat C. beat , won D. win , won
24. Would you please speak slowly ? I can hardly you .
A. talk with B. agree with C. follow D. hear of
[參考答案]
詞語(yǔ)辨析（一）
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. B
11. C 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D
21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C
詞語(yǔ)辨析（二）
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B
11. C 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. B
21. D 22. B 23. D 24. A
詞語(yǔ)辨析（三）
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C
11. C 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A
21. C 22. C 23. A 24. B
詞語(yǔ)辨析（四）
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A
11. A 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. C
21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C
詞語(yǔ)辨析（一）
1. 選B。考查4個(gè)動(dòng)詞中可作表動(dòng)詞的一項(xiàng)，且可表示“聽起來(lái)”，只有sounds符合。
2. 選B。可以接it做形式賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞A、B、C三個(gè)均可，但A、C常用人做主語(yǔ)，且由句意思“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使得在短時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得很多新知識(shí)變得容易。”這樣只有makes一項(xiàng)符合要求。
6. 選D。此句意為“頭痛已經(jīng)消失了。”所以gone是正確選項(xiàng)，它可表示某人或某物、某事消失，不存在了。
10. 選B。join后可以接組織等，表示長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地加入，也可加某人，指短時(shí)間地加入；join in可以活動(dòng)，比賽等；take part后加in才可加活動(dòng)，比賽等，而attend較為正式，用于正式場(chǎng)合，如出席會(huì)議等。故選B。
詞語(yǔ)辨析（三）
10. 選C。固定搭配be burnt to + n. 被燒成……，所以只有C為die的名詞。
詞語(yǔ)辨析（四）
6. 選B。考查與“穿”有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞區(qū)別，其中只有dress后可加某人，意為給“某人穿衣服”。
初升高英語(yǔ)銜接班第2講
一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容
初升高英語(yǔ)銜接班第2講
初中基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)疏理（2）
二. 重、難點(diǎn)
有關(guān)簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句及并列句的知識(shí)疏理：
1. 簡(jiǎn)單句：
（1）定義：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）的句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句，如：We learn English . 我們學(xué)英語(yǔ)。（一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)）
Both Xiao Zhang and Xiao Wang are from Beijing .
小張和小王都是北京人。（一個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)）
He once lived and worked here .
他曾經(jīng)在這里居住和工作過(guò)。（一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)）
My father and mother go to work at seven in the morning and come back home at eight in the evening .
我父母早上七點(diǎn)上班，晚上八點(diǎn)回家。（一個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)）
（2）分類：上次我們對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句按照句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)分出的5種類型做了闡述；另外，根據(jù)句子的功能或使用目的，簡(jiǎn)單句可分四類：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句。
2. 并列句：
（1）定義：用并列連接詞連接起來(lái)的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句叫做并列句。
（2）并列句的構(gòu)成：簡(jiǎn)單句+連接詞+簡(jiǎn)單句
（3）連接并列句常用的連接詞：and , but , or , so , not only … but also , however , neither…nor , either…or , still等。
eg.
I help her and she helps me . 我?guī)退龓臀摇?/p>
He is very old but he is in good health . 他年紀(jì)很大了，但他身體很好。
We must hurry or we’ll be late . 我們得趕快走，不然就晚了。
This girl did her work carefully , so she never made any mistakes .
這個(gè)姑娘工作認(rèn)真，從不出差錯(cuò)。
Jim not only wrote to me last week but also came to see me yesterday .
吉姆上星期不但寫信給我，而且昨天還來(lái)看過(guò)我。
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory .
理論沒(méi)有實(shí)踐不行，實(shí)踐沒(méi)有理論也不行。
Either he is to blame or I am . 不是他該受責(zé)備，就是我該受責(zé)備。
注意：連接詞so除起連接并列句作用外，兼有結(jié)果意味；有時(shí)so在后一句中代替前一句中某一句中成分。例如：
He can swim , so can I . 他會(huì)游泳，我也會(huì)。（so代替swim）
Iron is a kind of matter , so are water and air .
鐵是一種物質(zhì)，水和空氣也是物質(zhì)。（so在后一句中起表語(yǔ)作用）
3. 主從復(fù)合句
（1）定義：主從復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的。主句是句子的主體，從句可視作句子的一個(gè)成分。從句在主從復(fù)合句中可起主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)作用。從句在全句中起什么作用，就叫什么從句。
（2）狀語(yǔ)從句：狀語(yǔ)從句在句中起狀語(yǔ)作用，修飾主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。在初中階段我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了以下幾種狀語(yǔ)從句：
① 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞：when（當(dāng)……時(shí)），as（一邊……一邊，當(dāng)……時(shí)），while（在……過(guò)程中），before（在……以前），after（在……之后），since（自從……以來(lái)），till（until）（直到……，直到……才），as soon as（一……就……）等。
進(jìn)入高中階段之后，我們還會(huì)再見(jiàn)到另外一些常用的連接詞。在由以上連接詞或詞組連接的主從復(fù)合句中，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作有時(shí)是同時(shí)發(fā)生、有時(shí)是先后發(fā)生。因此，在理解和運(yùn)用帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，要根據(jù)連接詞所表示的不同時(shí)間意義，特別注意主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。這是掌握時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵。
② 原因狀語(yǔ)從句：常由because（因?yàn)椋瑂ince（既然），as（由于）等連接詞引導(dǎo)。
eg.
He didn’t hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio .
他沒(méi)聽見(jiàn)敲門聲，因?yàn)樗诼犑找魴C(jī)。
Since you are free today , you had better help me with my English .
既然你今天休息，你最好幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
As the day was fine , they decided to go on a trip .
由于天氣好，他們決定作一次短途旅行。
③ 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：
常由where（在……地方），wherever（無(wú)論……在哪兒）等連接詞引導(dǎo)。
如：
I’ll go where work conditions are difficult . 我愿意到工作條件困難的地方去。
Wherever you are , you should work for the people heart and soul .
無(wú)論你在哪里工作，你都應(yīng)該全心全意為人民服務(wù)。
④ 條件狀語(yǔ)從句：常由if（假如，如果），unless（除非）等連接詞或連接詞組引導(dǎo)。如：
If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow , would you like to come along ?
如果明天我去長(zhǎng)城，你會(huì)和我一起去嗎？
He is sure to come unless he has some urgent work to do at home .
除非他家里有急事要辦，不然他一定會(huì)來(lái)的。
⑤ 比較或方式狀語(yǔ)從句：常由as…as（像…一樣），than（比），the…the（越……就越），as（正如），as if（似乎，好象）等引導(dǎo)。如：
I know you better than she does . 我比她更了解你。
The more you practice , the more knowledge you will get . 你實(shí)踐得越多，你得到的知識(shí)就越多。
You should study English as hard as Mary does .
你應(yīng)該像瑪麗那樣努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man .
這位老人跑得很快，簡(jiǎn)單像個(gè)年輕人。（在以as if連接的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，系動(dòng)詞were可用于所有人稱，表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而不是真實(shí)情況。）
⑥ 目的狀語(yǔ)從句：常由so（使得），that（以便），so that（為了，使得），in order that（這樣……就）等來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如：
They set out early that they might arrive at the station in time .
他們很早出發(fā)，以便及時(shí)趕到車站。
She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class . 她在課上認(rèn)真記筆記，以便能在課下利用它們復(fù)習(xí)功課。
⑦ 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：常由so（結(jié)果），so that（結(jié)果），so…that（such…that）（如此……以致……）等連接詞引導(dǎo)。如：
Everybody lent a hand , so the work was done in time . 人人幫忙，結(jié)果工作及時(shí)完成。
He finished his homework so well that his teacher praised him in class .
他作業(yè)完成得很好，結(jié)果他的老師在班上表?yè)P(yáng)了他。
The film was so interesting that I enjoyed it very much .
這部電影這么有趣（以致于）我非常喜歡它。
It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away . 這是一個(gè)很重的箱子，誰(shuí)也搬不走。
⑧ 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：常由though（although）（雖然……但……），even if（即使），however（不管怎樣），whatever（無(wú)論什么），no matter how（who…）（不管多么……）（無(wú)論誰(shuí)……）等連接詞或連接詞組引導(dǎo)。如：
He went to school , though he was ill . 雖然他病了，但還是去上學(xué)了。（注意：有（al）though的句子，就有“雖……但是”的含義，不能在主句中用but，但可接yet，still等。）
She carried on the job even if she had a bad cold . 即使她患了重感冒，她還是堅(jiān)持工作。
However much I tried , I failed to work out the maths problem .
無(wú)論我怎么做，都算不出這道數(shù)學(xué)題來(lái)。
Whatever you say , I will not change my mind . 不論你怎么說(shuō)，我都不會(huì)改變主意。
He keeps taking physical training in winter no matter how cold it is .
不論天氣多冷，他都堅(jiān)持在冬天進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。
No matter who asks her for help , she is ready to help . 無(wú)論誰(shuí)請(qǐng)她幫忙，她都愿意幫助。
（3）定語(yǔ)從句：
在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who , whom , whose , which , that等。這些是我們?cè)诔踔幸褜W(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的，對(duì)于它們的用法已經(jīng)在以前的講解中多次提到過(guò)，主要掌握它們指代人還是物，在句中可以充當(dāng)什么成分。
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有where , when , why等，這些是高中要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容，在后面的講解中我們會(huì)滲透其用法及定語(yǔ)從句其他內(nèi)容。
（4）名詞性從句：
在主從復(fù)合句中，從句可以起主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)作用在多數(shù)情況下，這四種句子成分由名詞性詞類充當(dāng)，所以起這四種成分作用的從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：連接詞that , whether , if；疑問(wèn)代詞who , what , which , whose；疑問(wèn)副詞when , where , how , why等。在這四種從句中，我們已學(xué)過(guò)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，其他三種在課文中偶爾出現(xiàn)過(guò)，只要求理解，賓語(yǔ)從句是必須掌握的內(nèi)容，對(duì)于它的三要素也已多次復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)并將有關(guān)練習(xí)題做好，為今后學(xué)習(xí)其他三種名詞性從句打好基礎(chǔ)。
【模擬試題】
主從復(fù)合句（一）
賓語(yǔ)從句：
1. She said she would leave the message on the headmaster’s desk .
A. that B. where C. which D. what
2. Could you tell me ? I’m his old friend .
A. where does Jim live B. when will Jim come back
C. where Jim has gone D. how is Jim
3. I’m sorry I can’t decide to do .
A. what B. how C. when D. where
4. I want to know Mother has put the presents round the Christmas tree .
A. when B. where C. whether D. that
5. He hasn’t decide .
A. if he’ll go on a trip to Hainan B. when will he go on a trip to Hainan
C. if he goes on a trip to Hainan D. when does he go on a trip to Hainan
6. Do you know the population of Shenyang ?
A. what is B. how much is C. what are D. how many are
7. I don’t know when . When he , I’ll let you know .
A. will he come , will come B. he will come , comes
C. he comes , will come D. does he come , comes
8. Do you know if back next week ? If he back , please let me know .
A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes
C. he will come , comes D. will he come , will come
9. -Can you guess if they to play basketball with us ?
-I think they will come if they free .
A. come , are B. will come , will be C. will come , are D. come , will be
10. -Do you know ? I’m going to see him .
-Sorry , I don’t know .
A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live
C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
11. Could you tell me ?
A. when shall we start B. who are you waiting for
C. where the bus station is D. why were you late
12. -What did your son say in the letter ?
-He told me that he the Disney World the next day .
A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit
13. You must remember .
A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say
C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said
14. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book .
A. that B. how C. what D. if
15. -Excuse me . Could you tell me get to the plane ?
-Certainly . Go straight along here .
A. how can we B. how we can C. when can we D. when we can
16. -Be careful ! Don’t break the bottles . Do you hear I said , David ?
-Yes , mum .
A. what B. that C. why D. if
17. -Do you know ?
-He’s Tom’s father .
A. who is he B. what he is C. what’s he D. who he is
18. I’d like to know .
A. when will he give back the tape
B. whether has he received higher education
C. that he has been busy
D. whether she will join in our English Evening
19. The students are studying hard , for they know .
A. what are they studying for B. what are they studying
C. what they are studying for D. why they are studying for
20. Will you please tell me ?
A. where Pudong Airport is B. how far Pudong Airport was
C. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when was Pudong Airport built
21. -Where does he come from ?
-Pardon ?
-I asked where .
A. did he come from B. he came from
C. he comes from D. does he come from
22. Do you think an English film tomorrow night ?
A. is there B. there is going to have
C. there is going to be D. will there be
23. He told me a new bridge in his village the next year .
A. built B. will build C. will be built D. would be built
24. She said she hoped her soon .
A. him to see B. he would see C. him seeing D. he is seeing
主從復(fù)合句（二）
狀語(yǔ)從句：
1. The mountain was steep few people in our city reached the top .
A. so , as B. so , that C. as , as D. too , to
2. Time passed quickly and three months went by we knew it .
A. when B. after C. before D. till
3. -What are you going to do in the future ?
-I’d like to be a doctor you are .
A. so B. as C. what D. when
4. He wait until the rain .
A. won’t , will stop B. won’t , stop C. will , stops D. will , will stop
5. Although I the truck for half a year , it still looks new .
A. have bought B. bought C. have had D. had
6. -Is David at school today ?
-No . He is at home he has a bad cold .
A. because B. if C. though D. until
7. We’ll climb Qianling Hills if it next Sunday .
A. won’t rain B. rain C. rainy D. doesn’t rain
8. Jim has been in the factory for two years he left school .
A. when B. since C. as soon as D. whether
9. he’s very young , he knows several languages .
A. Though , but B. Because , so C. Though , / D. Because , /
10. I was cleaning my room Tom called me .
A. when B. until C. while D. if
11. We will visit the Great Wall it doesn’t rain tomorrow .
A. until B. before C. as D. if
12. I was reading a newspaper he came in .
A. as soon as B. since C. while D. when
13. The little boy ate a big meal he said he wasn’t hungry .
A. if B. though C. because D. as
14. You’d better do it your mother did .
A. when B. as C. like D. because
15. Wang Lin will come to see you he reaches this city .
A. before B. since C. while D. as soon as
16. all the passengers are here . Why don’t we start at once .
A. As soon as B. After C. Now that D. When
17. I’ll come to see you I’m free next Sunday .
A. until B. after C. if D. before
18. I went to bed at ten I did my homework .
A. when B. because C. if D. after
19. -Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow .
-Yes . But if it , we’ll visit the museum instead .
A. you have , will rain B. you will have , will rain
C. you will have , rains D. will you have , rains
20. I don’t go to bed I finish my homework .
A. until B. when C. after D. since
21. I don’t know if it tomorrow . If it , I will not go finish .
A. rains , rains B. rains , will rain C. will rain , rains D. will rain , will rain
22. They were doing maths exercises I left .
A. before B. until C. when D. as soon as
23. Mr. Green doesn’t climb down the chimney until the children .
A. fall asleep B. were asleep C. go to bed D. are sleeping
24. I’ll catch up with Lucy before she the finishing line .
A. reach B. is reaching C. reaches D. will reach
主從復(fù)合句（三）
定語(yǔ)從句：
1. The picture has a house and flowers is the one I like best .
A. who B. which C. where D. whose
2. This is the man last night .
A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw
C. which I saw D. who I saw him
3. Do you know the man spoke just now ?
A. which B. what C. who D. whom
4. The result of the experiment was very good , we hadn’t expected（預(yù)料）.
A. when B. that C. which D. it
5. A child parents are dead is called an orphan .
A. which B. his C. whose D. with
6. I will never forget the day we spent together last week .
A. that B. which C. / D. A, B and C
7. This is the very boy I have been looking for .
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
8. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .
-Is that the reason you had a few days off ?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
9. In fact the Sweden did not understand the three questions were asked in French .
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
10. The man teaches us Chinese is from Hunan .
A. that B. whom C. which D. /
11. I don’t like such a person often lies before your face .
A. what B. that C. as D. which
12. The trees were planted last year grow well .
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
13. He talked about the people and things interested him greatly during his stay here .
A. which B. that C. who D. they
14. The house the old man lives in was built in 1945 .
A. who B. that C. which D. Both B and C
15. He is not the man he used to be .
A. that B. whose C. which D. what
16. I lost the book my sister bought last week .
A. that B. which C. / D. A, B and C
17. He is one of the students who praised by the teacher .
A. were B. was C. have D. has
18. The village he lives is very beautiful .
A. in that B. in whom C. in which D. that
19. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month .
A. the nurse is talking to him
B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to
D. who the nurse is talking
20. Mary likes to eat food has chocolate in it .
A. that B. it C. those D. this
21. He wrote to me and told me everything he saw on the way to Beijing .
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
22. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks thousands of visitors every day .
A. which attracts B. which attract C. that attract D. it attracts
23. Which of the following sentence is right ?
A. He lost the bike his uncle bought it for him .
B. I hate people that talk much but do little .
C. This is the most interesting film which I have ever seen it .
D. The man that you met him in the street is from Beijing .
24. Can you tell me the name of the factory you visited last week ?
A. what B. that C. where D. when
[參考答案]
（一）
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C
9. C 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. A
17. D 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. B
（二）
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B
9. C 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. C
17. C 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. A 24. C
（三）
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A
9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. D
17. A 18. C 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. B
主從復(fù)合句（一）賓語(yǔ)從句
7. 選擇B。此題第一個(gè)空的when引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，其時(shí)態(tài)因主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)而要根據(jù)從句本身所要表示的情況確定時(shí)態(tài)，此句意思是“我不知道他什么時(shí)候要來(lái)”，應(yīng)為將來(lái)時(shí)；而第二個(gè)空前的when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又表示的是還沒(méi)發(fā)生的事，因此符合主將從現(xiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)要求，故從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，選擇B。類似的題還有8和9。
15. 選擇B。此題首先考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句語(yǔ)序，因而排除A、C。又因?yàn)榛卮稹耙恢毖刂@走，”所以選how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
主從復(fù)合句（二）狀語(yǔ)從句
1. 選擇B。此句意為“山太險(xiǎn)太陡峭了以至于我們城市里幾乎沒(méi)有人能登上山頂。”因而選“so…that…”，“too…to”后面連接不定式構(gòu)成簡(jiǎn)單句式，與題不符。
16. 選擇C。此處的now that意為“既然”此句意為“既然所有的乘客都在這，我們?yōu)楹尾获R上啟程呢？”
主從復(fù)合句（三）定語(yǔ)從句
4. 選擇C。此句主從句之間有逗號(hào)分開，且從句并非主句必要成份，屬于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)由which來(lái)引導(dǎo)，不可用that。
8. 選擇A。reason做先行詞，其后定語(yǔ)從句又缺少原因狀語(yǔ)，故用why這一關(guān)系副詞。
初升高英語(yǔ)銜接班第3講
一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
初升高英語(yǔ)銜接班第3講
總結(jié)it的用法和there be句型的用法
二. 重、難點(diǎn)：
（一）It的用法小結(jié)
1. It作主語(yǔ)的句子
（1）It指前面已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的人或事物（有時(shí)指心目中的或成為問(wèn)題的人或事物）時(shí)，It是真正的主語(yǔ)。
如：
What’s this ? -- It’s a horse . 這是什么？--這是一匹馬。
Who is it ? -- It’s me . 誰(shuí)？--是我。
It’s the wind shaking the window . 是風(fēng)刮得窗戶響。
（2）It指時(shí)間、季節(jié)
如：
What time is it ? -- It’s nine . 幾點(diǎn)了？--九點(diǎn)了。
It’s time for the meeting . Let’s go . 開會(huì)的時(shí)間到了，我們走吧！
What day is today ? -- It’s Saturday . 今天星期幾？--今天星期六。
What is the date today ? -- It’s Oct.（the）1st . 今天是幾號(hào)？--今天是十月一號(hào)。
What season is it ? -- It is summer . 現(xiàn)在是什么季節(jié)？--是夏季。
（3）It指氣候。
Is it cold in this room ? -- No , it isn’t . 屋里冷嗎？--不冷。
What’s the weather like today ? -- It’s fine . 今天天氣怎么樣？--是晴天。
It often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this city .
這個(gè)城市夏天經(jīng)常下雨，冬天經(jīng)常下雪。
（4）It指距離、情況等。
如：
It is five kilometres from my home to the school .
從我家到學(xué)校有5公里。
It is very near from this factory to that one .
從這個(gè)工廠到那個(gè)工廠非常近。
It is a long way to the sea .（這）離海很遠(yuǎn)。
Is it well with you ? 你身體好嗎？
2. It作形式主語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句在句中起主語(yǔ)作用，而這一部分用詞較多時(shí)，可用it作為形式主語(yǔ)，放在句首代表其后所說(shuō)的事實(shí)上的、真正的主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放在后面。
（1）It +謂語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式。It作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式作真正主語(yǔ)。
如：
It is difficult to climb a mountain . 爬山是很艱難的。
It is a good habit to do morning exercises . 做早操是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。
It is important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language .
在學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)時(shí)適當(dāng)?shù)刈鲆恍┯兄谟洃浀木毩?xí)是很重要的。
It is right to do so . 這樣做是對(duì)的。
（2）It+謂語(yǔ)+動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。It作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞作真正的主語(yǔ)。
如：
It is no use learning without thinking . 學(xué)而不思則罔。
It’s useless arguing with a silly boy . 和笨孩子爭(zhēng)論是沒(méi)有用的。
（3）It+謂語(yǔ)+名詞性從句。It作形式主語(yǔ)，以that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。
如：
It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film .
你沒(méi)看這么好的電影，真可惜。
It is certain that we shall succeed . 我們一定會(huì)成功。
It is strange that nobody knows where he lives .
真奇怪，誰(shuí)也不知道他住在哪里。
It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning .
據(jù)說(shuō)飛機(jī)明天上午十點(diǎn)起飛。
3. It作形式賓語(yǔ)
It作形式賓語(yǔ)，代表其后所說(shuō)的真正的賓語(yǔ)。真正的賓語(yǔ)是以that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句或不定式短語(yǔ)。
如：
I consider it wrong that you Chinese students learn English without comparing it with your own language .
我認(rèn)為你們中國(guó)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)不和你們自己的語(yǔ)言比較是不對(duì)的。
I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language . 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)不那么困難。
I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming . 我記得向你明確表示過(guò)我不來(lái)。
They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job .
他們要向公眾表明，他們?cè)谧鲆患匦枳龅闹匾ぷ鳌?/p>
4. It用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
在表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的結(jié)構(gòu)中it可用作先行代詞，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句型如下：
It+動(dòng)詞be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分（詞或詞組）+that+其他部分。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，可用who，whom代替that。
如：
Miss Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon .
王老師每周一下午教我們英語(yǔ)。
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：It is Miss Wang who teachers us English every Monday afternoon .
強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)：It is us whom Miss Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon .
強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語(yǔ)：It is English that Miss Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon .
強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)：It is every Monday afternoon that Miss Wang teaches us English .
It was here that I first met him . 這就是我初次與他見(jiàn)面的地方。（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)）
It is the people who（或that）are really powerful . 真正強(qiáng)大的是人民。（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）
（二）有關(guān)含有引導(dǎo)詞there的句子結(jié)構(gòu)
英語(yǔ)“There + be+（not）”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“有（沒(méi)有）某人或某物”時(shí)，there是無(wú)詞義的引導(dǎo)詞，be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，它后面的名詞是主語(yǔ)，兩者在數(shù)上必須一致。句末往往有表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。
1. 肯定式（表示“有”）
There+（助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+be+主語(yǔ)+地點(diǎn)（時(shí)間）狀語(yǔ)。
如：
There is a picture on the wall . 墻上有一張畫兒。
There are 24 hours in a day . 一天有二十四小時(shí)。
There was only one school in the village before . 以前這個(gè)村子里只有一所小學(xué)。
There were 1,500 students in our school last year . 去年我校有一千五百名學(xué)生。
注意：如果there + be之后是并列主語(yǔ)，第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)又是單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，習(xí)慣上用There is …
如：
There is a boy and a girl in the room . 屋里有一個(gè)男孩和一個(gè)女孩。
There is a pen and some books on her desk . 她的書桌上有一支鋼筆和一些練習(xí)本。
2. 否定式（表示“沒(méi)有”）
There + be（助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+not（any）（或+no）+主語(yǔ)……
如：
There was not an underground in Beijing before . 北京從前沒(méi)有地下鐵道。
There are not fairies in the world . 世上沒(méi)有神仙。
There is nothing more for me to do now . 現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有別的什么事要我做了。
There are not many people who want to read this book . 沒(méi)有多少人要看這本書。
There won’t be a dance this weekend . 本周末沒(méi)有舞會(huì)。
3. 疑問(wèn)式
（1）一般疑問(wèn)句
① Be+there+（any）+主語(yǔ)……？
② 助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+there+be+（any）+主語(yǔ)……？
如：
Is there anything I can do for you ? 我能為你做點(diǎn)什么嗎？
Is there any water in your bottle ? 你的瓶里有水嗎？
Will there be a report by the famous scientist this afternoon ? 今天下午有那位著名科學(xué)家做報(bào)告嗎？
（2）特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞（+名詞）+be+there+狀態(tài)？
如：
How many months are there in a year ? 一年有幾個(gè)月？
What’s there in your pocket ? 你口袋里裝的是什么？
When will there be lasting world peace ? 什么時(shí)候世界上能有持久的和平？
4. 含有引導(dǎo)詞there的句子用seem to be，happen to be，used to do或live等詞作謂語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。
如：
There happened to be an old friend of mine in the shop .
恰好在商店里有我的一個(gè)老朋友。
There used to be a temple here . 以前這兒有一座廟。
There seemed to be no point in refusing . 看來(lái)沒(méi)理由拒絕。
There once lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea .
從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村莊里住著一個(gè)老漁民。
綜合練習(xí)（一）
1. Look ! There some apples in that tree .
A. is B. was C. are D. were
2. - What’s on the plate ?
- There some bread on it .
A. is B. are C. has D. have
3. Lucy and Lily going to the Great Wall tomorrow .
A. are B. is C. am D. be
4. Three fourths of the homework today .
A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished
5. A large number of the students in our class girls .
A. are B. was C. is D. be
6. The number of in our class fifty .
A. student , is B. the students , are C. the students , is D. students , are
7. Either of the two books for you . You can choose one .
A. are B. were C. is D. was
8. The population of our country by 50 percent over the last twenty years .
A. has increased B. were risen C. have been increased D. have rose
9. Maths my favourite subject .
A. be B. is C. am D. are
10. Here a new pair of shoes for you .
A. is B. are C. have D. has
11. The Chengs here for years .
A. is living B. have lived C. has lived D. lives
12. Not only my brother buy also I good at painting . Both of us good painters .
A. are , are B. am , are C. is , is D. are , is
13. - Two months quite a long time .
- Yes , I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of his lessons .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
14. Every man , woman and child in this club to realize the danger of smoking .
A. come B. comes C. have begun D. must
15. Everyone except David and Sam there when the meeting began .
A. is B. was C. are D. were
16. - Are the twins on the football team ?
- No , neither of them on the team .
A. is B. are C. were D. be
17. - I have no letters from Peter .
- Oh , well , no news good news now .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
18. One and a half apples on the table .
A. is leaving B. is left C. are left D. left
19. When and where to build the new factory yet .
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
20. Doing eye exercises good for your health .
A. are B. is C. have D. has
21. There an apple and ten bananas in the basket . You can take any of them .
A. are B. is C. has D. have
22. Each of the boys an apple .
A. have B. has C. to have D. to has
23. - Are there any fish in the lake now ?
- No . any water in it in winter .
A. There isn’t B. There aren’t C. It isn’t D. They aren’t
24. Joan with her uncle going to visit the Summer Palace next month .
A. are B. is C. was D. were
綜合練習(xí)（二）
1. The story is interesting . That means it is interesting story .
A. an , the B. the , an C. / an D. / , a
2. I found the cat was in room .
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily’s and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy’s
3. of the teachers in the school is 300 , of them are women teachers .
A. The number , first fourth B. The number , one fourth
C. A number , one second D. A number , three quarters
4. Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already open to traffic . So it will take us time to go to Pudong International Airport .
A. a few B. fewer C. a little D. less
5. Lots of visitors come to Nanjing because she is city .
A. so a beautiful B. very a beautiful C. such beautiful a D. quite a beautiful
6. - It’s a nice car . have you been in it ?
- Just to Shanghai .
A. How much B. How long C. How soon D. How far
7. Is the street too narrow for the bus to go ?
A. through B. across C. on D. in
8. - I’m going to the supermarket .
- Will you get me some chocolates you are there , mum ?
A. since B. because C. if D. while
9. - Must I leave right now ?
- No , you .
A. may not B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
10. - There is a ticket on the floor , is it yours ?
- Oh , yes , it’s mine .
- Let me for you .
A. to pick up it B. to pick it up C. pick up it D. pick it up
11. The teacher told the boys in the street .
A. not play B. not to play C. don’t play D. don’t to play
12. I have finished this book . You can take it away .
A. to read B. read C. reading D. reads
13. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day .
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
14. I have to go now . Please remember to the lights when you leave .
A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on
15. Don’t ask me such a strange question , ?
A. shall we B. will not you C. will you D. don’t you
16. - Are the twins on the football team ?
- No , neither of them on the team .
A. is B. are C. were D. be
17. Mr. King didn’t know yesterday evening .
A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home
C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home
18. I didn’t know they could pass the exam or not .
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
19. - Who has a dictionary , children ?
- I have .
A. it B. this C. one D. so
20. He returned to the small town he grew up as a child .
A. which B. where C. that D. when
21. In China , when the traffic lights are green , the traffic go and people on foot
cross the street .
A. can , can’t B. can’t , can C. can’t , must D. needn’t , must
22. - What are you going to do next Sunday ?
- .
A. I’m sorry B. Here you are C. I’ve no idea D. That’s right
23. I can’t find the right size . The shoes in the shop are too big too small .
A. neither , nor B. either , or C. both , and D. not , or
24. The colour of his socks is different from of mine .
A. one B. that C. it D. this
綜合練習(xí)（三）
1. It was spring . American girl went to London .
A. a , The , a B. / , The , / C. / , An , / D. / , A , /
2. It’s a long to Paris . It’s two thousand kilometers .
A. street B. road C. way D. walk
3. Where are the students ? Are they in ?
A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room
4. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than in Shanghai .
A. this B. it C. that D. one
5. - In our English study reading is more important than speaking , I think .
- I don’t agree . Speaking is reading .
A. as important as B. so important as
C. the most important D. the same as
6. - Can you understand me ?
- Sorry , I can understand you .
A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. ever
7. - You’d better not go out now . It’s raining .
- It doesn’t matter . My new coat can keep rain .
A. in B. of C. with D. off
8. How did you try to get to school on time you missed the school bus ?
A. when B. if C. once D. that
9. You go and ask Meimei . She know the answer .
A. must , can B. must , may C. need , can D. can , may
10. - I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang’s home just now .
- Yes , she is often seen the old man with his housework .
A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped
11. My watch doesn’t work . I must have it .
A. repaired B. repairs C. repair D. repairing
12. She usually to work on foot but today she by bike .
A. go , going B. goes , is going C. is go , is going D. goes , going
13. - Where you your ticket ?
- I it on the floor .
A. have , found , founded B. did , find , founded
C. did , found , found D. did , find , found
14. You may go fishing if your work .
A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done
15. - James , these are your socks . Please .
- OK , Mum .
A. put away it B. put it away C. put away them D. put them away
16. Martin is good at fishing , ?
A. is he B. does he C. isn’t he D. doesn’t he
17. - How many students are there in your school ?
- the students in our school over two thousand .
A. The number of , is B. The number of , are
C. A number of , is D. A number of , are
18. He asked me .
A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have
C. they would help us do it D. what was wrong with me
19. Ann has been so busy these days she has no time to play with her friends .
A. when B. that C. because D. and
20. - Oh , there is someone in the room .
- must be my mother .
A. There B. She C. This D. It
21. Is this the very museum some Japanese visitors visited last Wednesday ?
A. one B. where C. that D. which
22. The sign “ BUSINESS HOURS ” can be seen in a .
A. shop B. school C. park D. museum
23. - Would you like some more ?
- . I’m full .
A. Yes , please B. I’d love to C. No , I wouldn’t D. No , thanks
24. - Have you moved into your new home ?
- Not yet , the rooms .
A. were being painted B. are painting C. were painted D. are still being painted
[參考答案]
綜合練習(xí)（一）
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A
11. B 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. B
21. B 22. B 23. A 24. B
綜合練習(xí)（二）
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. D
11. B 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. B
21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B
綜合練習(xí)（三）
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. B
11. A 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. D
21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D
綜合練習(xí)（一）
1. 選C。There be結(jié)構(gòu)有就近原則，后面名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，又由“Look !”知為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選C。
4. 選B。帶有分?jǐn)?shù)的短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)，要根據(jù)后面的名詞決定謂語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)，此題homework不可數(shù)，故用單數(shù)形式，且作業(yè)要被做，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此B項(xiàng)正確。
13. 選A。一段時(shí)間或一段距離若視為一個(gè)整體，則看成單數(shù)，故選“is”。
綜合練習(xí)（二）
2. 選D。如果指兩者共同擁有的一件東西則在后者加上所有格，前者不加，若指分別擁有的多種東西，則每個(gè)名詞都要用所有格形式。
綜合練習(xí)（三）
10. 選B。在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中加不帶to的不定式賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要還原“to”。因此用B，“to help”。
21. 選C。此句為定語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)先行詞被very等詞修飾時(shí)，只能由that來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，因此選C。