Chapter I SB I Units 1 - 2
☆重點(diǎn)句型☆
1. What should a friend be like? 詢問對方的看法
2. I think he / she should be…表示個人觀點(diǎn)的詞語
3. I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games. 等表示喜好的詞語
4. Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes.
“when"作并列連詞的用法
5. What / Who / When / Where is it that...? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的
特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)
6. With so many people communicating in English everyday,
... “with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語
7. Can you tell me how to pronounce...? 帶連接副詞
(或代詞)的不定式做賓補(bǔ)的用法
☆重點(diǎn)詞匯☆
1. especially v. 特別地
2. imagine v. 想像
3. alone adv. / adj. 單獨(dú)，孤獨(dú)的
4. interest n. 興趣
5. everyday adj. 每天的，日常的
6. deserted adj. 拋棄的
7. hunt v. 搜尋
8. share v. 分享
9. care v. 在乎，關(guān)心
10. total n. 總數(shù)
11. majority n. 大多數(shù)
12. survive v. 生存，活下來
13. adventure n. 冒險
14. scared adj. 嚇壞的
15. admit v. 承認(rèn)
16. while conj. 但是，而
17. boring adj. 令人厭煩的
18. except prep. 除……之外
19. quality n. 質(zhì)量
20. favourite adj. 最喜愛的
☆重點(diǎn)短語☆
1. be fond of愛好
2. treat…as…把……看作為……
3. make friends with 與……交朋友
4. argue with sb. about / over sth. 與某人爭論某事
5. hunt for尋找
6. in order to為了
7. share…with與……分享
8. bring in引進(jìn)；賺錢
9. a great / good many許多…
10. have difficulty (in) doing做……有困難
11. end up with以……結(jié)束
12. except for除……之外
13. come about發(fā)生
14. make(a)fire生火
15. make yourself at home別拘束
16. the majority of大多數(shù)
17. drop sb. a line給某人寫短信
18. for the first time第一次
19. at all根本；竟然
20. have a (good) knowledge of…精通……
☆短語闖關(guān)☆
下列短語都是這兩個單元學(xué)過的重要短語，請你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填人一個正確的詞，每個詞4分，80分才能過關(guān)，你一定能過關(guān)，做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?
l. be fond ____ 喜歡，愛好 of
2. hunt ____ 搜索。追尋，尋找 for
3. in to ____ 為了 order
4. care ____ 擔(dān)心，關(guān)心 about
5. such ____ 例如，諸如 as
6. drop sb a ____ 給某人寫信(通常指寫短信) line
7. make oneself at ____ 別客氣 home
8. ____ total 總共 in
9. except ____ 除了……之外 for
10. stay ____ 不睡，熬夜 up
11. ____ about 發(fā)生 come
12. end ____ with 以……告終 up
13. bring ____ 引進(jìn)，引來 in
14. a great ____ 許許多多，極多 many
15. be ____ 對……深感興趣，深深迷上…… into
16. ____ the Internet 上網(wǎng) surf
17. ____ classes 逃學(xué)，逃課 skip
18. get ____ 聚會，相聚，聚集 together
19. be proud ____ 為……感到驕傲 of
20. keep an ____ on 照看，注意 eye
21. be curious ____ 對……感到好奇 about
22. shut ____ (使)住口 up
23. joke ____ 開玩笑 about
24. ____ the name of 以……名義 in
25. ____ the time 總是，一直 all
☆交際用語☆
1. I think…
I like / love / hate...
I enjoy...
My interests are...
2. Did you have a good flight?
You must be very tired.
Just make yourself at home.
I beg your pardon?
Can you tell me how to pronounce...?
Get it.
☆單詞聚焦☆
1. argue v. 的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：argument n. 1. [C]爭論 2. [U]討論．辯論3. [C]論據(jù)
▲ 搭配：
① argue with / against sb. over / on / about sth. 與某人 爭論某事
② argue for / against sth. 辯論贊成／反對某事
③ argue that... 主張，認(rèn)為，爭辯說
④ argue sb into / out of doing sth. 說服某人做／不做某事
▲友情提示：“說服某人做／不做某事”還可表達(dá)為：talk / persuade / reason sb. into / out of doing sth.
⑤ settle the argument 解決爭端
▲友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth. 為某事和某人而發(fā)生的爭執(zhí)
【考例】What laughing ____ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式細(xì)面條) from plate to mouth. (2004全國卷I)
A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments
[考查目標(biāo)] argue名詞形式的詞義。
[答案與解析] D argument的詞義是“爭辯，辯論”。
2. compare v. 的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：comparison n. 比較
▲搭配：① compare...to... 比擬；比作 ② compare... with / to... 將……和……相比較 ③ compare notes 對筆記；交換意見
【考例】 ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004湖北)
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
[考查目標(biāo)] compare的用法。
[答案與解析] D 本句compare用在句首作狀語，并有“被比較”的意思。
3. consider v. 的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：consideration n. 考慮，思考；體諒，顧及
▲搭配：① consider doing sth. 考慮做某事 ② consider sb (to be / as)... 認(rèn)為／覺得某人……③ consider that- clause 認(rèn)為…… ④ take sth into consideration 考慮 ⑤ under consideration 在考慮中
【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer. (NMET 1993)
A. to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented D. having invented
[考查目標(biāo)] consider的幾種常見用法。
[答案與解析] C consider本身是被動語態(tài)時，后接不定式的各種結(jié)構(gòu)。如果表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。
4. deserted adj. 空無一人的；被遺棄的；被拋棄的
(1) 空無一人的a deserted street / area空無一人的街道，地區(qū)；The office was quite deserted.辦公室里空無一人。
(2) 被遺棄的 a deserted child 被遺棄的孩子
(3) desert ['dezot] n. 沙漠
desert [dI'zo:t] vt. 丟棄；遺棄
He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich.
5. difficulty n.
(1) difficulty (通常作復(fù)數(shù)) 難事，難點(diǎn)，難題She met with many difficulties when travelling.
(2) 在以下句型中，difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
干某事有困難
there is (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
have (some) difficulty with sth.
在某事上有困難
there is (some) difficulty with sth.
do sth. with difficulty / without difficulty 困難地／輕而易舉地做某事
We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.
Do you have any difficulty with your English?
【注意】
(1) 以上句型中，difficulty前可加some, little, much, a lot of, no, any修飾
(2) 以上句型中，亦可用trouble來代替difficulty。
6. favourite = favorite (A. E) 最喜愛的；最喜愛的人或事物
(1) adj. 最喜愛的My favorite sport is playing football.
(2) n. [C] 最喜愛的人或事物He is a favorite with his uncle.
7. fun的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：funny adj. 有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的
▲搭配：
① make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；開某人的玩笑
② (just)for / in fun = (just) for the fun of it 取樂，非認(rèn)真地，說／做著玩的
③ be full of fun…… 很好玩
④ have fun with sb. 和某人開一個玩笑
⑤ have (some) fun 玩得(很)高興，玩得(很)開心
⑥ It's (great) fun to do sth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真開心
⑦ What fun (it is) to do sth! 干某事多么有趣呀!
⑧ have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很開心
【考例】 (200上海春招) This is not a match. We're play- ing chess just for ____.
A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game
[考查目標(biāo)] fun構(gòu)成的短語for fun的意思。
[答案與解析]C，for fun 常在句中用作狀語，意思是“說／做著玩的”。
8. imagine的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：① imagination n. [C / U] 想像，想像力，想像的事物 ② imaginative adj. 富有想像力的
▲搭配：① imagine sth / doing sth ② beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地
【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter ___across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991)
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
[考查目標(biāo)] imagine的基本用法。
[答案與解析] C imagine后接動詞的-ing形式，本句的Peter是這個動名詞的邏輯主語。
9. interest的用法
interest vt. 使……感興趣 n. 興趣，愛好 [U] 利息；利潤 He has a great interest in politics. 他對政治極感興趣。/ a broad interest 廣泛的利益 / a common interest 共同的利益 / a strong interest 極強(qiáng)的興趣
▲構(gòu)詞：① interesting 令人感興趣的(事物) ② interested (某人對某事)有興趣的
▲搭配：① interest sb in sth 使某人注意，關(guān)心或參入某事；使某人對某事感興趣 ② be interested in 對……感興趣(關(guān)心) ③have an interest in sth. / in doing sth. 對某方面有興趣 (關(guān)心)；在……中有股份、權(quán)益等 ④ hold one's interest 吸引住某人的興趣 ⑤ in the interest(s) of 為……利益；為……起見；對……有利 ⑥ lose interest in 對……不再感興趣 ⑦ show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth. 對……表示關(guān)心(有興趣) ⑧ have / take / feel no interest in 對……不 (不太) 感興趣 ⑨ with interest 有興趣地，津津有味地 ⑩develop / find / feel interest in sth. / in doing sth. 在某方面培養(yǎng)／有興趣 lose interest in sth. / in doing sth. 對某方面失去興趣
有時interest可與不定冠詞連用。He developed an interest in science.
另外：interest作“愛好”解時，是可數(shù)名詞。 His interests include reading and tennis.
【考例】____, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance. (2004全國卷 II)
A. Interested B. Anxiously
C. Seriously D. Encouraged
[考查目標(biāo)] interest派生詞的詞義和用法。
[答案與解析] A interested指(出版商)對這件事有興趣。
10. prove的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：① proof n. 證據(jù)。試驗(yàn)，考驗(yàn)，(印刷)校樣
▲搭配：① prove sth to sb 向某人證實(shí)…… ② prove to sb that 從句向某人證實(shí)…… ③ prove (oneself) to be 證明(自己)是，表現(xiàn)出
【考例】It was in the neighboring country - United States that such resistance to spray was first ____. (05長春模擬)
A. proved B. killed C. thought D. discussed
[考查目標(biāo)] 考查prove的意思。
[答案與解析] A 本題was proved的意思是“得到證實(shí)”，有被動意味。
11. provide的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：① provider n. 供給者，供應(yīng)者，養(yǎng)家者 ② provided / providing conj. 倘若
▲搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 給……提供；以……裝備
【考例】His son ____ the old man with all the food and the money he needed.
A. provided B. fed C. afforded D. charred
[考查目標(biāo)]考查provide的詞義。
[答案與解析]A provide與with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。
12. share的用法
▲搭配：① share (in) sth. with sth. 和某人分享、分擔(dān)、共用某物 ② share sth (out) between / among... 將某物分配、分給…… ③ share joys / happiness and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦 ④ share one's opinion 同意某人的意見
【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare - you must learn to ____. (NMET 2000)
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
[考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查在語境中選擇動詞的能力。
[答案與解析] D 四個選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：support 支持；care 在意，關(guān)心；spare 擠出(時間)，勻出某物；share分享，分擔(dān)，與某人合用。根據(jù)語境可知說話者是想讓Clare學(xué)會與人共享--把玩具(拿出來)和Harry一起玩，share在此意為“合用玩具”，解此題的關(guān)鍵是信息play with your toys as well。故D為最佳答案。
13. solve的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：solution n. 1. [C] (問題的)解答；(困難的)解決方法 2. [U] 解答，解決 3. [U] 溶解
▲搭配：the solution to 解決……的辦法
【考例3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution ____ the problem. (2001北京春招)
A. with B. into C. for D. to
[考查目標(biāo)] solve名詞solution的相關(guān)搭配。
[答案與解析] D “對于……的解決辦法”，介詞用to。
14. total n. / adj. 全部(的)
(1) in total 加起來In total, there must have been 20000 people there.
(2) a total of 總共His expenses (支出) reached a total of $100.
(3) the total of...……的總數(shù) The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars.
15. when conj.
when并列連詞，= and then，表示“就在那時，突然”，常見以下句型中：
(1) be doing...when...正在做……突然……I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailor's shop.
(2) had done...when...剛做了……突然……I had just sat down when the light went out.
(3) be about to do...when...剛要做……突然……I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.
16. while conj.
(1) while從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句動詞用延續(xù)性動詞，主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作發(fā)生的過程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea.
(2) 并列連詞，表前后兩個分句意義相反或相對，意為“然而”。Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
(3) 放在句首，表示“盡管；雖然”，相當(dāng)于although。While we don't agree, we continue to be friendly.
[牛刀小試1] 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)
1. All the novels are considered ____ the young readers in the 1980s. (to have interested)
2. Bob thought it ____ to solve maths problems while others hated it. (fun)
3. The headmaster ignored the ____ between Mrs. Wang and his nephew. (argument)
4. We can't decide. The plan needs to be ____. (considered)
5. ____ with Class Two, ours has more boy students. (Compared)
6. I find a better way ____ this problem. (to solve)
7. Nearly half of the companies ____ the same opinion with the government. (share / shared)
【詞語比較】
1. especially, specially
especially adv. 特殊地；尤其是
(1)側(cè)重于多種事物或人中比較突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English. (尤其是英語)
(2) especially 后可接介詞短語或從句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring. (尤其是在春天) Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.
specially 側(cè)重特意地、專門地做某事 (后面常接for sb. 或to do sth.)
I made a chocolate cake specially for you.
2. boring, bored, bore
boring adj. 令人厭煩的 The book is very boring.
bored adj. 感到厭煩的 I'm bored with the book.
bore vt. 令人厭煩 This book bores me.
有些表示情感的及物動詞，有與bore類似的用法。如：interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 這類詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，為“令人……”；過去分詞形式，為“感到……”。
3. except for, except, but, besides
表示“除了”的詞或短語有：except; but; except for; besides; except that (when...) 等。
(1) except 和 but 都表示“除了……之外。沒有”，二者大多數(shù)情況下可以互換；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等詞后多用 but。No one knows our teacher's address except / but him. (排除him)
(2) besides 除……之外，還……，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English與other languages都屬于know的范圍)
(3) except for 只不過……，整體肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同類事物，for表示細(xì)節(jié)上的修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
4. know, know of, know about
(1) know 用作動詞，意思是“(直接地)獲知，懂得，認(rèn)識，熟悉”。I don't know whether he is here or not. / I know him to be honest.
(2) know of和know about的意思都是“(間接地)獲知”，指聽別人說到或從書報上看到，二者沒有什么區(qū)別。
5. for example; such as
(1) for example“例如”，用來舉例說明某一論點(diǎn)或情況。一般只舉同類人或物中的“一個”為例，作插入語，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用for instance替換。For example, air is invisible. / His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example.
(2) such as “例如”，用來列舉事物，一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個例子。插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，as后面不可有逗號。Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.
[注意]如把前面所述情況全部舉出，用that is或namely。
☆短語歸納☆
1. 含all的短語
1) first of all 首先 (強(qiáng)調(diào)順序)
2) in all (=in total=altogether) 總共
3) after all 畢竟，終究
4) at all 到底，根本
5) above all 最重要的是 (強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性)
6) not (...) at all (= not (...) in the least) 根本不，一點(diǎn)也不
7) all the time 始終，一直
8) all of a sudden (=suddenly) 突然，冷不防
9) all right 行，可以
10) all at once 立劉，馬上
11) all day and all night 日日夜夜
12) all over 遍及
13) all alone 獨(dú)個兒，獨(dú)立地
14) all but 幾乎，差一點(diǎn)
15) all in all 總的說來
16) all together 一道，同時，總共
17) for all 盡管
[例句] I woke up and didn't hear him at all. 我醒了，一點(diǎn)兒也沒有聽到他說話。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以至于渾身青一塊紫一塊的。/ You shouldn't scold her. After all, she is only five years old. 你不應(yīng)該責(zé)怪他，畢竟，她只有五歲。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need love. 孩子需要許多東西，最重要的是，需要愛。/ You must have known it all the time. 你一定一直知道這事。
【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ____, she is a great musician. (2004甘肅、青海)
A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual
[考查目標(biāo)] 主要考查四個短語的用法。
[答案與解析] A after all意為“畢竟．終究”；as a result意為“結(jié)果”；in other words意為“換句話說”；as usual意為“像往常一樣”。本句意思是：雖然人們對她看法不一。但我還是佩服她。因?yàn)樗吘故且粋�偉大的音樂家。
【考例】I'd like to buy a house -- modern, comfortable, and ____ in a quiet neighborhood. (2004福建)
A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all
[考查目標(biāo)] 主要考查all構(gòu)成的四個短語。
[答案與解析] B in all意為“總共”；above all意為“最重要的是”； after all 意為“畢竟”；at all 意為“到底”。本句話意思是：我想買一個房子，現(xiàn)代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一個安靜的地區(qū)。
2. at all
(1)用在肯定句中，“竟然” I'm surprised that you came at all.
(2)用在否定句中，“一點(diǎn)也不” There was nothing to worry about at all.
(3)用在疑問句中，“到底”“究竟” Have you been there at all?
(4)用在條件句中，“真的，確實(shí)” If you do it at all, do it well.
3. 含“be + 形容詞 + 介詞”的短語
1) be good at 擅長于
2) be interested in 對……感興趣
3) be pleased / satisfied / content with 對……滿意
4) be famous for 因……而出名
5) be kind / good to 對……好
6) be lost in 沉湎于
7) be active in 在某方面積極
8) be sure about / of 確信
9) be afraid of 害怕
10) be full of 充滿
11) be filled with 充滿
12) be made of / from 由……組成
13) be generous to 對……慷慨
14) be popular with 受歡迎
15) be confident of 確信
16) be fond of 喜歡，喜愛
17) be angry with / at 對……發(fā)脾氣
18) be late for 遲到
19) be amazed / surprised / astonished / shocked at 對……感到驚訝
20) be busy doing 忙著做……
21) be excited about 對……感到興奮
22) be worried about 擔(dān)心
23) be used for / as 用于
24) be curious about 對……好奇
[例句] Lin Lin is confident of his ability to get work for himself. 林林確信自己有能力做這活。He was generous to everybody with money, as a result, he saved little. 他對誰花錢都很慷慨，結(jié)果沒有攢到多少錢。She is very active in helping the poor. 在幫助窮人方面，她很熱心。Pop music is popular with the young generation. 流行歌曲受年輕一代的歡迎。Lost in thought, he didn't realize that I came in. 他陷入思考之中，沒有意識到我進(jìn)來了。I was amazed at the sight so that I didn't know what to do. 看到這一幕我非常驚訝，不知道該做什么。Students in Senior 3 are busy preparing for the coming final exam. 高三學(xué)生在忙于準(zhǔn)備即將到來的期末考試。
【考例l】(2005重慶)
-- You know, Bob is a little slow ____ understanding, so...
-- So I have to be patient ____ him.
A. in; with B. on; with C. in; to D. at; for
[考查目標(biāo)] 同定搭配中介詞的選擇。
[答案與解析] A be slow in 意為“在……方面反應(yīng)遲鈍”，be patient with 意為“對……有耐心”。
4. end up with...以……結(jié)束
(1) end up with + n. 以……結(jié)束
The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.
(2) end up as...最后成為…He will end up as a president some day.
(3) end up + 地點(diǎn)狀語最后(有……結(jié)局) If you drive your car like that, you'll end (up) in hospital.
5. “make + 名詞” 短語
① make a noise 吵鬧
② make faces 做鬼臉，做苦臉
③ make room for 給……騰出地方
④ make the bed 整理床鋪
⑤ make phone calls 打電話
⑥ make friends with 交朋友
⑦ make money 賺錢
⑧ make use of 利用
⑨ make a decision 做出決定
⑩ make a mistake 犯錯誤
[例句] The boy made a face at his teacher when she turned her back. 老師轉(zhuǎn)身時，男孩朝老師做了個鬼臉。
Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook. 在廚房里干活使男孩成為一位優(yōu)秀廚師。
They were moved out to a nearby hotel, to make room for more important persons. 為了給更重要的人物騰出
地方，他們被搬到了附近的一家旅店。
【考例】 The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ____. (2003北京春招)
A. make it out B. make it off
C. make it up D. make it over
[考查目標(biāo)] 主要考查make短語。
[答案與解析] A make out意為“領(lǐng)悟、弄明白、發(fā)現(xiàn)真相” make off 意為“連忙跑掉”；make up 意為“彌補(bǔ)、打扮、組成”；make over 意為“轉(zhuǎn)讓、改造”。因?yàn)槭艿矫曰螅詰?yīng)該是試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)真相。
【考例】
-- When shall we start?
-- Let's ____ it at 8:30. Is that all right? (2002北京)
A. set B. meet C. make D. take
[考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查 make 短語。
[答案與解析] C make it“規(guī)定時間”為固定短語。本句話意思是“把出發(fā)的時間定在8點(diǎn)半”。set意思是“對時間”、“調(diào)時間”。
6. make fire點(diǎn)火
有以下fire (n.) 短語: be on fire 著火了(表示狀態(tài)) / catch fire 燃著；著火(表示動作) / play with fire 玩火；干冒險的事 / Set sth. on fire = set fire to sth. 放火燒…… / make (a) fire 點(diǎn)火；生火 / start (cause) a fire引起火災(zāi)
[注意] fire作“火災(zāi)”“一堆火”解時，為可數(shù)名詞。
7. a great / good many許多
(1) a great / good many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)，中間無“of”。A great many people have seen the film.
(2) a great / good many + of + the / these / those / one's + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) A great many of the people have seen the film.
8. make yourself at home 別拘束
(1) make yourself at home 別拘束(主人對客人說的委婉語) -- Good evening, Jim. -- Good evening, Mary. Come in and make yourself at home.
(2) (all) by oneself 獨(dú)自(沒有別人幫助) You can't possibly do it all by yourself.
(3) enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高興 Please enjoy yourself while you're spending your holiday in Hawaii.
(4) for oneself 親自; 為自己The student wants to think it for himself. / One should not live for oneself alone.
(5) of oneself 自動地The door closed of itself suddenly.
(6) be oneself 身體或情緒好 I am not myself today.
(7) help oneself to + n. / pron. 隨便…… Please help yourself to the fish．
(8) in oneself 本身 This is not a bad idea in itself.
(9) come to oneself 蘇醒The injured man came to him- self in five minutes.
(10) between ourselves 私下說的話 All this is between ourselves.
9. the majority of... 大多數(shù)的……
(1) a / the majority of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時，謂語動詞多用復(fù)數(shù)。the majority 單獨(dú)作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。The majority of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games./ The majority were (was) in favour of the proposal.
(2) by a majority of + 數(shù)字，以超過……票的多數(shù)She won the election by a majority of 900 votes.
10. treat … as … 把…看做… The kind lady treated me as her own daughter.
【比較】 表示“認(rèn)為”的短語還有：
regard…as… consider…(as)… think of…as…
look on / upon…as… take…for…
[注意] 在consider…as…短語中as可省略，其他短語中不可。
[牛刀小試2]
1. If you are ____ about Australian cities, just read the book written by Dr. Johnson.
A. interested B. anxious C. upset D. curious
2. Her son, ____ whom she was so ____, went abroad 10 years ago.
A. of; loved B. for; cared
C. to; devoted D. on; affected
3. In order to continue to learn by ourselves when we have left school, we must ____ learn how to study in the school now.
A. in all B. after all C. above all D. at all
4. -- I am sorry I didn't do a good job.
-- Never mind. ____, you have tried your best.
A. Above all B. In all
C. At all D. After all
5. Since we can't find a bigger apartment, we'll have to ____ what we have.
A. hope for the best B. make room for
C. make the best of D. lay our hope on
(DCCDC)
【句型歸納】
1. I don't enjoy singing, nor do I like computers. 我不喜歡唱歌，也不喜歡電腦。/ Rock music is OK, and so is skiing. 搖滾音樂還可以，滑雪也行。
這兩句中nor與so用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：I don't know, nor do I care. 我不知道，也不關(guān)心。so的常見句型有：
(1) so + be / 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 (意為“主語也 ……” )
(2) neither / nor + be / 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語(意為“主語也不……” )
(3) so it is / was with sb / sth和so it is / was the same with sb / sth (意為“主語也……” ) (用在前文有兩個或以上的從句，而且分句有不同的謂語或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系動詞義有行為動詞的情況)
(4) so + 主語 + be / 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 (意為“主講確實(shí)如此”)，表示進(jìn)一步肯定。
(5) 主語 + did + so (意為“主語按照吩咐做了”)。
【考例】 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____. (2005全國 III)
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn't too D. nor does John
[考查目標(biāo)] nor表示“也不”引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
[答案與解析] D 由never可以判斷該句為否定句。空格處句意為“約翰也沒讀書”。nor, so, neither可引起倒裝句。
2. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. 查克是個生意人，他總是那么忙，幾乎沒有時間和朋友在一起。
該句中so...that... 和such...that... 都能連接結(jié)果狀講從句，但要注意詞序不同。例如：Joan is such a lonely girl that all of us like her. = She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
常見句型：
(1) such + a / an + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that clause
(2) such + 形容詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that clause
(3) such + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that clause
(4) so + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that clause
(5) so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that clause
(6) so + many / few + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that clause
(7) so + much / little + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that clause
注意：① 當(dāng)little不表示數(shù)量“少”而表示“小”的意思時，仍然 要用such。② 當(dāng)so + adj. / adv. 或 such + n. 位于句首時，主句需要倒裝。
【考例】 So difficult ____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (2001上海)
A. I have felt B. have I felt
C. I did feel D. did I feel
[考查目標(biāo)] so + adj. 位于句首時，主句倒裝。
[答案與解析] D A、C語序不對，排除。B時態(tài)不對。
3. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天，查克在飛越太平洋時．他的飛機(jī)突然墜毀了。
該句中的“when”表示“正在這時”，相當(dāng)于and just或and at that time. 這時不能用while / as 替換。
常見句型：(1) be about to do sth when... (2) be doing sth when... (3) be on the point of doing sth when...
【考例】We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started. (2004北京春招)
A. when B. while C. until D. before
[考查目標(biāo)] "when" 作連詞，表示“正在這時”。
[答案與解析] A 意為“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴風(fēng)雨來了。”只有when才能用于這種句型。
4. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. 他不得不學(xué)會收集淡水．尋找食物，生火什么的。
該句中的“how I to collect...”為動詞不定式短語作賓語。例如：We must decide which one to buy. 疑問詞which, what, how, when, where等與小定式構(gòu)成不定式短語。
【考例】 I've worked with children before, so I knew what ____ in my new job. (NMET 2000)
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
[考查目標(biāo)] what to do sth 不定式短語作賓語。
[答案與解析] B 該句需要填非謂語動詞。排除A、D。句意為“以前我與孩子在一塊兒工作過。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示進(jìn)行，排除C。
5. In order to survive, Chuck developed a friendship with an unusual friend - a volleyball he called Wilson. 為了生存下去，查克和一位不尋常的朋友--“排球”建立了友誼，查克叫他威爾森。
1. 該句中的"in order to"，意思為“為了，以便”，作目的 狀語。在句子中作同的狀語的常見句型有五種結(jié)構(gòu)：to do sth / in order to do sth / so as to do sth / in order that clause / so that clause
注意：(1) so as to do sth 不能位于句首。(2) 如果主句與從句的主語一致時，四個結(jié)構(gòu)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。(3) 在in order that / so that 引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語動詞常與can, could, may, might 等情態(tài)動詞連用。
【考例】(2005北京) I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that
[考查目標(biāo)] 目的狀語。
[答案與解析]D as soon as “一…就…”；as a result“結(jié)果是”；in case “萬一”；so that“以便，為的是”。句意：“我想提前二十分鐘到以便有時間喝杯茶”。
2. 該句子中 volleyball 是作同位語。例如：He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones that had the best color.
注意：這種同位語(不是同位語從句)與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別。
【考例】(NMET 2002) Meeting my uncle after these years was an unforgotten moment, ____ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
[考查目標(biāo)] one作同位語，指代a moment。
[答案與解析] B that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，排除A；if不能作同位語，排除C；what既不能引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句，也不能作同位語。可以填which，這樣就成了非限制性定語從句。
6. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. 長期以來，美國英語保持不變，但英國英語變化了。
1. 該句中的“while"用作并列連詞．表示前后對比，意為 “然而”。“while"充當(dāng)連詞，還能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。意為“during the time that…”；引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意 為“although…”。
2. 該句中的 "stay" 為系動詞。后接表語 (the same)。 除了stay外，常見的系動詞還有: become, get, turn, grow, go, come, run, fall, keep, stay, remain。
【考例】(NMET 2003) Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
[考查目標(biāo)] 系動詞的用法。
[答案與解析] B 系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，一般不用進(jìn)行
時態(tài)，排除A、C；句意不是表示完成，排除D。系動詞表示狀態(tài)。
7. for the first time 第一次
(1) for the first time 第一次，后面不加從句，在句中作狀語 They came to Beijing for the first time.
(2) the first time 名詞短語，在從句中充當(dāng)連詞，后接時間狀語從句，不接that，when等連詞。有同樣用法的短語還有：every time; next time; the last time
They liked Beijing the first time they went there.
(3) It's / This is the first time that + 從句(用現(xiàn)在完成時)這是……的第一次 It's the first time that I have ever been abroad at all.
8. What is it that...? 是什么……?
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法：
(1) 結(jié)構(gòu)：It is / It was (過去時間) + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that / who (專指人) + 其他部分
(2) 用法：除了謂語動詞不能強(qiáng)調(diào)，句子的每部分均可強(qiáng)調(diào)。 Jim met the student in the street last week.
主語 賓語 地點(diǎn)狀語 時間狀語
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：It was Jim who / that met the student in the street last week.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語：It was the student whom / that Jim met in the street last week.
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語：It was in the street that Jim met the student last week.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語：It was last week that Jim met the student in the street.
(3) 注意點(diǎn)：
一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句：
Was it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now?
特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)凋句：
Who is it that will visit our class?
Where is it that he has gone?
When was it that she went?
not … until … 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句：
It was not until then that I realized I was wrong.
[牛刀小試3]
1. -- I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! -- ____. (2004廣西)
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I
C. Same with me D. So do I
2. We can't imagine ____ little mice can eat up ____ many crops every year.
A. so; so B. such; so C. such; such D. so; so
3. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when B. while C. since D. once
4. It is said in Australia there is more land than the govern- ment knows ____. (NMET 2002)
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
5. Roses need special care ___they can live through winter.
(2004 天津)
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
(BBACB)
【交際速成】
1. Talking about likes and dislikes. 談?wù)撓矚g和不喜歡
-- I enjoy Chinese food very much. -- ____. (03東北三校)
A. Please taste quickly B. Have more, please
C. Help yourself D. Eat slowly while it is hot
[答案與解析]C本題主要考查具體語境下“對事物喜好”的表達(dá)及應(yīng)答。A項(xiàng)不禮貌，B、D兩項(xiàng)屬漢語習(xí)慣，C項(xiàng)符合此時英語語境。
【歸納】英語中常見表達(dá)喜歡和不喜歡態(tài)度的用語有：
(1) This book is very interesting.
(2) I like / love the movie (very much).
(3)I like / love to play computer games.
(4) I like taking photos.
(5) I enjoy listening to music.
(6) I'm interested in science. My hobbies / interests are...
(7) He is fond of music.
(8) This song is bad / awful.
(9) I don't like the movie very much / at all.
(10)I don't enjoy collecting stamps.
(11)I hate to do homework. I hate dancing,
(12)I'm not into classic music.
(13)I think that classic music is terrible / boring.
2. Making apologies 道歉
-- I'm sorry I'm calling you so late. -- ____ Okay.
(2003北京春招)
A. This is B. You're C. That's D. I'm
[答案與解析] C 本題主要考查英語中道歉及應(yīng)答用語。A、B、D三項(xiàng)不符合交際英語的習(xí)慣，故C項(xiàng)正確。
【歸納】英語中常見道歉用語有：
(1) I'm very sorry. I didn't mean to (hurt your feelings).
(2) I'm terribly sorry about that.
(3) I'm afraid I've brought you too much trouble.
(4) Please excuse me coming late.
(5) Please forgive me.
(6) Excuse me, please.
(7) I beg your pardon.
應(yīng)答表達(dá)有：
(1) That's / It's all right.
(2) That's / It's OK.
(3) Never mind.
(4) It doesn't matter.
(5) It's nothing.
(6) Forget it.
(7) Don't worry about that.
(8) Don't mention it.
3. Talking about language difficulties in communication 談?wù)撜Z言交際困難
-- I'm sorry. I can't catch you. ____
-- OK, it's B-L-A-C-K.
A. Would you please walk slowly?
B. I don't understand you．
C. What's the meaning of this word?
D. Would you please repeat it more slowly?
[答案與解析] D本題主要考查語言交際困難的功能意念。catch 在整個語境中是“聽見，聽清”的意思，A項(xiàng)錯誤理解了catch 在此處的意思，B、C兩項(xiàng)語義不連貫， 故正確答案是D。
【歸納】英語中常見的談?wù)撜Z言交際困難的用語有：
(1) Pardon? / I beg your pardon.
(2) Sorry, I can't follow you.
(3) Can you speak more slowly, please?
(4 )How do you say...in English.'?
(5) I don't know how to say that in English.
(6) I don't know the word in English.
(7) How do you spell it, please?
(8) I'm sorry I only know a little English.
(9) Could you repeat that, please? Could you say that
again, please?
(10) What do you mean by killing time?
[牛刀小試4]
1. -- ____ I didn't hear you clearly. It's too noisy here.
-- I was saying that the party was great.
A. Repeat. B. Once again.
C. Sorry? D. So what?
2. -- Do you like a house with no garden?
-- ____. But anyhow, it's better to have one than none.
A. Not a bit B. Not a little
C. Not really D. Not specially
3. -- I'm sorry for stepping on your foot? -- ____.
A. It's OK B. You are welcome
C. It's your fault D. Never you mind
4. -- What you said at the meeting hurt me badly!
-- Sorry. But ____.
A. I didn't mean it B. I didn't mean to
C. I don't mean it D. I don't mean to
5. -- You seem to show interest in cooking.
-- ____? On the contrary, I'm tired of it.
A. Really B. Pardon C. OK D. What
(CCABD)
【精典題例】
1. -- David has made great progress recently.
-- ____, and ____.
A. So he has; so have you B. So has he; so have you
C. So he has; so you have D. So has he; so you have
【解析】選A 答句中的he指David，不倒裝。“So have you” 意為“你也一樣(取得了進(jìn)步)”。
2. Little ____ what others think.
A. does he care about B. care he about
C. about he eared D. about cared he
【解析】選A little為否定副詞，置于句首時，句子使用部分倒裝。
3. At school, what he enjoys ____ football.
A. playing B. to play C. is playing D. played
【解析】選C what he enjoys為主語從句，謂語動詞為be，表語為playing football。不要誤以為playing是enjoy的賓語而誤選A。
4. At the ____news, all the women present burst out crying.
A. unexpecting B. disappointing
C. disappointed D. interesting
【解析】選B聯(lián)系語境，所有在場的婦女都哭了，因此為disappointing"令人失望的(消息)”。
5. He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
【解析】選D "when"表示“就在這時，突然”。
6. The wolf said in a ____ voice and the scholar felt ____.
A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened
C. frightened; frightening D. frightening; frightening
【解析】選A frightening“令人害怕”；frightened“感
到害怕”。
7. In our ____ life, English is ____ used.
A. everyday; wide B. everyday; widely
C. every day; wide D. every day; widely
【解析】選B everyday“日常的，每天的”；widely“廣泛地”。
8. -- Hello, Mary. I've got a girlfriend. -- What's she like?
-- ____.
A. I don't know B. She's like her mother, not father
C. She likes music D. Not had! Quite pretty
【解析】選D表外表給人的印象。
9. The fire ____ for half an hour before the fire fighters arrived.
A. had put out B. was put out
C. had been out D. had broken out
【解析】選C be out"火熄滅”，表示狀態(tài)。
10. It has been suggested that the land ____ equally among the peasants.
A. be shared B. should be spared
C. saved D. be spent
【解析】選A suggest后用虛擬語氣。be shared前可
省略should。
11. She took ____ in physics and read ____ on the subject.
A. interest; as books many as she could
B. an interest; as many books as she could
C. interested; as many books as she can
D. interests; as books as she could
【解析】選B根據(jù)短語搭配和時態(tài)一致可知。
12. -- How's the young man? -- ____.
A. He's twenty B. He's a doctor
C. He is much better D. He's David
【解析】選C how is sb. “某人身體如何”。
13. Let Harry play with your toys as well. Clare, you must learn to ____.
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
【解析】選D share“分享”；support“支持”；care“在意”；spare“抽出(時間)。節(jié)余”。
14. The new dress looks wonderful on you ____ the collar.
A. besides B. except C. beside D. except for
【解析】選D“美中不足的是領(lǐng)子”，表示部分修正。
15. -- What about your classmate, Susan?
-- Our teacher ____ her a good and clever student.
A. regards B. believes C. suggests D. considers
【解析】選D consider as…“認(rèn)為……是……”，as可省略。
Chapter 2 SB I Units 3 - 4
☆重點(diǎn)句型☆
1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ... you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead 0f的用法
2. Say "Hi" / "Hello" / "Thanks" to sb. (for me) 問候的句型
3. Is anybody seeing you off? 進(jìn)行時表將來
4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling)
5. You should not go rafting unless you know... unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于if... not
6. By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的狀語從句
7. She was so surprised that she couldn't move. 結(jié)果狀語從句
8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water. 過去分詞作狀語
9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語
10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didn't take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法
☆重點(diǎn)詞匯☆
1. means n. 方法；途徑
2. experience n. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)
3. equipment n. 設(shè)備
4. successful adj. 成功的
5. protect v. 保護(hù)
6. handle v. 處理
7. consider v. 考慮
8. benefit n. 利益
9. particular adj. 特別的
10. effect n. 效果
11. combine v. 合并
12. unforgettable adj. 不會忘記的
13. advance v. 前進(jìn)
14. seize v. 抓住
15. struggle v. 奮斗
16. fear v. & n. 害怕
17. strike v. 敲打
18. destroy v. 毀掉
19. publish v. 出版
20. naughty adj. 調(diào)皮的
☆重點(diǎn)短語☆
1. get away from 逃離
2. watch / look out 注意，當(dāng)心
3. go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游
4. as with 正如……一樣
5. see off 為某人送行
6. on the other hand 在另一方面
7. take care of 照顧
8. get close / near to 接近，湊近
9. tree after tree 一棵又一棵的樹
10. as wall as 也，和……一樣(好)
11. protect…from 保護(hù)……不受……的傷害
12. be surprised at 因……而吃驚
13. be caught / trapped / struck in 被……困住
14. take place 發(fā)生
15. go through 通過，經(jīng)過；經(jīng)歷(痛苦的事)
16. be upon 臨近，逼近
17. hold on to 緊緊抓住
18. refer to 提到，說到；查詢(信息)
19. look into 注視……的內(nèi)部；檢查，調(diào)查
20. for fear of (doing) sth. 惟恐……
☆短語闖關(guān)☆
下列短語都是這兩個單元學(xué)過的重要短語，請你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填入一個正確的詞，每個詞4分，80分才能過關(guān)，你一定能過關(guān)．做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?
l. get ____ from 逃離 away
2. watch ____ 注意，當(dāng)心 out
3. protect sb / sth ____ 保護(hù)／保衛(wèi)某人(某事物) from
4. see sb ____ 到火車站、飛機(jī)場等某處為某人送行 off
5. on the other ____ 另一方面 hand
6. as ____ as也，還，而且 well
7. ____ place發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生 take
8. ____ fire失火 on
9. pull sb ____ 把……往上拽 up
10. get ____ one's feet站立起來；站起身來 on
11. go ____ 通過，經(jīng)受。仔細(xì)檢查 through
12. ____ holiday在度假 on
13. travel ____ 旅行社代理人 agent
14. be ____ 逼近，臨近 upon
15. ____ exercise 進(jìn)行體育鍛煉 take
16. ____ "Hi" to sb for / from sb 代某人向某人問候 say
17. come ____ with提出 up
18. go ____ a hike 去遠(yuǎn)足 for
19. be caught ____ 受困于……，陷于…… in
20. ____ a second 馬上，一會兒 in
21. look ____ 往……里面看，調(diào)查 into
22. refer ____ 提到．涉及；參考 to
23. hold ____ 抓住，握住 onto
24. sweep ____ 沖走，刮走 away
25. sweep ____ 沖倒，吹倒 down
☆交際用語☆
1. Where would you prefer going...?
2. How would you like to go to...?
3. Have a nice / pleasant trip !
4. Well, I must be off.
5. It's all right．
6. I'm afraid.
7. Come on !
8. It scares me.
9. Don't worry.
10. First..., next..., then..., finally...
☆單詞聚焦☆
1. advance的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：advanced adj. 高等的．先進(jìn)的，高深的
▲搭配：
① in advance 在前頭，預(yù)先，事先
② in advance of 在……前面；比……進(jìn)步；超過
③ on the advance (物價)在上漲
【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.
A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查形容詞advanced與近義詞的區(qū)別。
[答案與解析]C “高等數(shù)學(xué)”的英譯是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先進(jìn)的。高級的”。
2. before 的特殊用法
(1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我還沒來得及攔住他，他就跑出了屋子。
(2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周過去了，我們才意識到。(或：時間不知不覺已過三周了。)
(3) It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他沒過多久就回來了。
It won't be long before we graduate. 不要過多久我們就要畢業(yè)了。
3. chance的用法
▲搭配：
① by any chance 萬一，碰巧，或許
② by chance 偶然，意外地
③ take a / one's chance 冒一冒險，碰碰運(yùn)氣，利用一下機(jī)會
【考例6】 (2005南京模擬)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.
A. work B. luck C. chances D. services
[考查目標(biāo)] chance的詞義。
[答案與解析] C chance在本句的詞義是“機(jī)會”。
4. consider v.
(1) 考慮
A) consider + n. / doing
I consider going abroad.
B) consider + 疑問詞 + to do
You have to consider what to do next.
(2) 認(rèn)為
A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj.
I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.
They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.
B) consider + n. + to have done
I consider him to have acted disgracefully.
除了consider…as…表認(rèn)為外，還有regard…as
…，look on…as…，take…as…，think of…as…
5. cost的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞：costly adj. 昂貴的，貴重的
▲ 搭配：
① cost sb. sth. 花費(fèi)某人(多少錢)；讓某人付出(代價)／犧牲……
② at all costs 不惜任何代價．無論如何
③ at any cost 不惜任何代價，無論如何
④ at cost (price) 按成本價格，按原價
⑤ at the cost of 以……為代價，用……換來的；喪失；犧牲
【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.
A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查cost和它的幾個近義詞的區(qū)別。
[答案與解析] C cost的意思是“耗費(fèi)”，主語是指物的
名詞．而pay和spend等的主語是指人的名詞。
6. effect n. 效果；作用
have an effect on sth.
His words had a great pushing effect on his students.
(1) be of no effect 無效
(2) come into effect 開始生效；開始實(shí)行
[比較] affect vt. 影響 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.
7. experience的用法
▲構(gòu)詞: experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，熟練的
▲搭配:
① by experience 憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)；從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中
② from experience 憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)；從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中
③ gain experience in… 獲得……經(jīng)驗(yàn)
④ be experienced in… 某方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
▲友情提示: experience這個詞作為可數(shù)名詞用時，解釋為“經(jīng)歷”，作為不可數(shù)名詞用時解釋為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。
【考例】 (2005山西模擬) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed.
A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents
[考查目標(biāo)] experience的意思。
[答案與解析] C experience常為不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。
8. fear n. & vt.
(1) n. 恐懼 (多作不可數(shù)名詞)
His face was growing pale with fear.
憂慮；擔(dān)心的事(可數(shù))
There is no reason for your fears.
for fear of 由于怕……，以防
He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.
for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防
She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.
in fear of 害怕；擔(dān)心
The thief was in fear of the police.
(2) v. 恐懼；害怕，接 n. / pron.
Cats fear big dogs.
恐懼；害怕，接to do
Don't fear to tell the truth.
恐怕；擔(dān)心，接從句
She feared that she might not find him in his room.
▲構(gòu)詞：fearful adj. 可怕的，嚴(yán)重的；懼怕的，膽怯的；擔(dān)心的，憂慮的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大膽的，勇敢的，無畏的
▲搭配：
① be in fear (of) (為……而)提心吊膽
② for fear of 因?yàn)榕拢灰悦猓碌氖?/p>
③ for fear that-clause 生怕；為了防止(某事發(fā)生)
④ have a fear that-clause 擔(dān)心／怕(發(fā)生某事)
⑤ with fear 嚇得，怕得
⑥ fear (vi.) for... 擔(dān)心／憂慮……
【考例】(2004江蘇)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train.
A. in case of B. instead of
C. for fear of D. in search
[考查目標(biāo)] fear構(gòu)成的短語的用法和意思。
[答案與解析]C for fear of 常在句中作狀語，意思是 “怕的是……。擔(dān)心……”。
9. fun n. 高興；樂趣；有趣的人或事
(1) for fun 為了高興；為著好玩
I only did it for fun.
(2) make fun of 開……的玩笑；取笑
It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.
[比較]
(1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑
It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.
(2) play a joke on 開(某人的)玩笑
10. means n. 手段；辦法
(1) by means of 用……；依靠……
The water may be carried by means of a pipe.
(2) by all means 一定；務(wù)必；(表示同意)當(dāng)然可以，沒問題：務(wù)必，無論如何，千方百計地
Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.
(3) by no means 完全不是；一點(diǎn)也不；決不
This is by no means the first time you have been late.
還有： by this means 用這種方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段
【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.
A. ways B. offers C. means D．helps
[考查目標(biāo)] by means of 短語的意思。
[答案與解析] C by means of 的意思是“通過某種手段”。
11. normal adj. 正常的；正規(guī)的
the normal temperature, normal behavior
(1) regular 規(guī)則的；有規(guī)律的
keep regular hours 生活有規(guī)律；按時作息
(2) common普通的；常見的
Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的；共同的
have a common interest 有著共同愛好
(3) usual 慣常的；慣例的
It's usual with him to go to the office on foot.
(4) ordinary 平凡的；普通的 in ordinary dress
12. once的用法
▲ 搭配：
① all at once 突然；同時
② at once 立刻，馬上；同時
③ (every) once in a while 偶爾，有時，間或
④ for this once (= for once，just for once) 就這一次； 破例一回
⑤ more than once 不止一次，多次
⑥ not once 一次也不
⑦ once again / more再一次
⑧once and again一再，再三
⑨ once or twice 一兩次；有時，偶爾
⑩ once too often又(多了)一次
once upon a time從前
【考例】(2004上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it.
A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless
[考查目標(biāo)] 連詞once的用法和詞義。
[答案與解析] B once在作連詞使用時意思是“一旦”。
13. prefer v. 寧愿；更喜歡
(1) prefer + n. / pron.
The boy preferred a detective story.
(2) prefer + v. -ing
Do you prefer living abroad?
(3) prefer + to do
She prefers to live among the working people.
(4) prefer sb. to do sth.
She preferred him to stay at home.
(5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜歡……而不喜歡 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing.
(6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ... than do... 寧愿……而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.
(7) prefer + 從句(謂語動詞用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.
14. protect的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞：protection n. 保護(hù)(者/物)，防御
▲ 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止……遭受……；使……免于，保護(hù)……使不受
【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____.
A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection
C. self-respect D. self-service
[考查目標(biāo)] protect及其派生詞的詞義。
[答案與解析]B self-protection是名詞，意思是“自我保護(hù)”。
15. separate的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞：separation n. [U]分開，分離
▲ 搭配：
① separate A from B 把A和B分開
② A is separated from B by… A和B為……所分開／阻隔
③ separate sth (up) into… 把……分成(幾分)
▲辨析：separate; divide; part 都含“分開”的意思。
separate 指“把原來在一起的人或物分開”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那兩個打架的孩子拉開，好嗎?
divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整體分成若干部分”。
part指“把密切相關(guān)的人或物分開”，還有“分手”之意。
【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
[考查目標(biāo)] 動詞separate的詞義。
[答案與解析] A separated和get搭配有被動意義，表
示“被隔開；被分隔”。
[牛刀小試1]
用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
(advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate)
1. The teacher improved the students' English by ____ of dictation and recitation. (means)
2. All the goods ___me almost half a million dollars. (cost)
3. We must ____ the wild animals from the hunting. (protect)
4. Every baby should be ____ after he is horn. (separated)
5. None of them ____ death when the enemy came into the village. (feared)
6. There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in ____. (advance)
☆詞語比較☆
1. wear, put on, have on, dress, be in, try on
(1) wear v. 穿著；戴；蓄須(發(fā))；磨損；(臉容)呈現(xiàn)，顯出 He is wearing an overcoat today.
* wear out (把) 穿破；(把) 用壞；(使) 疲乏；(使) 耗盡I have worn out my shoes. / My patience wore (was worn) out.
(2) put on 穿上；戴上(側(cè)重穿著的動作)
Put on your sweater, otherwise you will feel cold.
(3) dress vt. 給……穿衣服 n. 衣服；連衣裙
dress sb. (in sth.) 或 be dressed (in sth.) 注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Mother dressed her baby and then they went downstairs.
(4) have on 表示穿著的狀態(tài)，注意不能用進(jìn)行時。
At the Spring Festival, all children have on new clothes.
(5) be in表示穿著的狀態(tài) There was a girl in red.
(6) try on 試穿 Mother was trying on a new dress.
2. strike, hit, beat
(1) hit vt.
① 打；敲；擊；擊中；射中 He hit a ball over the fence. / The stone hit him on the head.
② 使……受到打擊 The bad news hit every one hard.
(2) beat vt. & vi.
① 連續(xù)有節(jié)奏地打；敲
The rain heat against the window.
② (心)跳動 His heart had stopped beating.
③ (鳥翼) 撲動
The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on.
④ 打敗；打贏；取勝
Our champion can beat all runners in the country.
(3) strike vt. & vi.
① 打；敲；擊；砍；打中；擊中
He struck me with his fist.
The house was struck by lightning.
② 發(fā)起進(jìn)攻；襲擊
He moved away as the animal struck.
③ 撞；觸(礁)
His head struck the table as he fell.
④ 擦(火柴)
I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.
⑤ (某種想法) 忽然出現(xiàn)；忽然想起，相當(dāng)于occur to。
A happy thought struck her.
⑥ 給人深刻印象(常用于被動語態(tài))
I was struck by her beauty.
⑦ 罷工 They are striking for higher pay.
⑧ (鐘)敲(響) We waited for the clock to strike six.
3. complete, finish
complete 可作形容詞，表示“徹底的；全面的”。
complete與finish表示“完成”時的區(qū)別。
(1) complete 作及物動詞，只接 n. 或 pron.，常用于完成預(yù)定的任務(wù)，工程建設(shè)等The railway is not completed yet.
(2) finish vi. / vt. 指完成，結(jié)束一件事情；可接 n. 或doing。如：finish one's homework / middle school / writing the book
☆短語歸納☆
1. cut down
(1) 砍倒 If you cut down all the trees you will rain the land.
(2) 減少；削減 I have decided to cut down my smoking.
2.含get的短語
① get back 回來，恢復(fù)，送回
② get off下來，動身，起飛 ③ get up 起床，站起來
④ get on 上(車)
⑤ get on / along with 與某人相處．某事的進(jìn)展
⑥ get together 聚首，碰頭 ⑦ get away from 逃離
⑧ get on one's feet 站起來 ⑨ get down 下來
⑩ get on well with 與……相處融洽
get married 結(jié)婚 get to 到達(dá)
get through 通過，接通
get down to 開始著手做某事
get across (使)通過 get(a)round 傳開，說服
get in 進(jìn)入。收獲 get out 出去，逃脫
[例句]How are you getting along with your business? 生意進(jìn)展如何? / If you take Mary out for a drive you must promise to get her back for her music lesson. 如果你帶瑪麗去兜風(fēng)的話，你必須答應(yīng)帶她回來上音樂課。/ I can't get my boots off, for they are too tight. 我脫不掉靴子，它太緊了。/ We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time. 在圣誕期間我們盡量一年至少聚會一次。/ When one has business on hand it is hard to get away from home. 如果一個人手頭有事，離開家很難。
【考例】(2004遼寧) The final examination is coming up soon. It's time for us to ____ our studies．
A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over
[考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查get短語。
[答案與解析]A get down to 意為“開始著手做某事”；get out 意為“離開，擺脫”；get back for 意為“回去拿”；get over意為“克服，渡過”。本句話意思是：期末考試就要到了，我們該開始學(xué)習(xí)了。
【考例】(NMET 1993)Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through
[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查get短語。
[答案與解析]C get over 意為“痊愈，克服”；get in 意為“插話”；get along 意為“進(jìn)展．繼續(xù)”；gel through 意為“接通。辦完”。本句話意思是：讀者不必準(zhǔn)確知道每個詞的意思就能繼續(xù)下去。
3. get away (from)
(1) 擺脫 Ways must be found to get away from poverty.
(2)走開；離開 She didn't get away until nine last night.
(3)逃走，使離開The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.
(4)拿走 Get all thee party dishes away!
4. get close to
(1) close adj. 靠近；接近
The church is close to the shops.
親密；密切
Are you a close friend of theirs?
(2) close adv. 靠近；接近
He was standing close to the door.
(3) close v. 關(guān)上；關(guān)閉(不開發(fā))；結(jié)束
She closed her eyes. / Her eyes closed. (閉上)
(4 ) closely adv. 緊密地；仔細(xì)地；密切地
He got closely in touch with the magazines of today.
The little baby was closely looked after by her.
[比較]
(1) close 與 closely 作副詞時，close含具體之意，closely 含抽象之意。
(2) 類似的詞組有 high (高) -- highly (高度地)，deep (深深地) -- deeply (深入地)，wide (很開，寬) -- widely (廣 泛地)，low (低的)-- lowly (低賤的) (作形容詞)
5. hand in 交上去(給老師或上級)；交來(hand v.)
Each student has to hand in a composition once a week.
[比較]
(1) hand down 傳下來；傳給 Our father handed down these customs to us.
(2) hand on…to…傳給，傳遞They will hand the photograph to those who have not seen it.
(3) hand out 發(fā)給大家；散發(fā) The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson．
6. instead of 代替……
(1) instead of + n. / pron.
Give me the red one instead 0f the green one.
(2) instead of + doing
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
(3) instead of + 介詞短語
He studies in the evening instead of during the day.
[比較]
(1) instead adv. 作為替代 (……而)，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead.
(2) rather than 而不是，與其……寧愿 He ran rather than walked.
(3) in place of 代替，……而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.
7. 含take的短語
① take a picture 照相，拍照
② take a taxi / bus, etc. 打的(坐公交車等)
③ take away 拿走，奪取，使離去
④ take care of 小心，照料，保管
⑤ take off 脫，去掉，取消，起飛
⑥ take out 拿出，帶……出去
⑦ take one's place 就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置
⑧ take place 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生
⑨ take exercise 做運(yùn)動
⑩ take a seat 坐下
take turns 輪流
take an active part in 積極參加
take a message 捎口信
take on 從事，呈現(xiàn)
take the place of 取代，代替
take apart 拆開
take down 拿下，記下
take...for... 誤認(rèn)為……
take in 吸收，接納
take up 拿起．從事．占據(jù)
[例句] Father was convinced that Peter was unhappy at boarding school, and made arrangements to take him away. 父親確信彼得在寄宿學(xué)校不開心，決定把他帶走。/ Will you lake care of buying the wine for tonight's party? 你負(fù)責(zé)為今晚的晚會買酒水好嗎? / The boys got into the car and took off for the drug store. 男孩們進(jìn)到車?yán)铮_車去了藥店。/ He took my place in the queue so that I could go and get something to eat. 他替我排好了隊(duì)，以便我能夠回
去弄點(diǎn)兒吃的。
8. used to
(1) used to do sth. 過去常常……(現(xiàn)在已不如此)
We used to grow beautiful roses.
注意：否定句和疑問句有兩種
You usedn’t to make that mistake.
She didn't use(d) to do it, did she?
You used to smoke a pipe, didn't you? / use(d) n't you?
(2) be / get / become used to + n. / doing 習(xí)慣于
I have always been used to hard work.
He got used to living in the country.
(3) be used to do 被用來做……
This knife is used to cut bread.
表示“過去常常……”時，used to與would區(qū)別：
(1) would 只強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去常常……”，used to 說明現(xiàn)在不是如此。
The old woman would sit there for hours doing nothing.
(2) would 只接行為動詞，used to 可接行為動詞和表狀態(tài)的詞。如：be, like, know, have。There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.
9. watch out 當(dāng)心；注意
You'll be cheated if you don't watch out.
(1) watch out for = look out for 提防；當(dāng)心
You must always watch out for the traffic here!
(2) watch over 照看；看守；負(fù)責(zé)
The mother bird is watching over her young.
10. 含“動詞 + out”短語
① come out 出來，出版，傳出
② go out 出去，熄滅，不時興
③ look out 當(dāng)心，注意
④ take out 拿出，取出，帶……出去
⑤ rush out 沖出去，匆忙大量生產(chǎn)
⑥ try out 嘗試，試驗(yàn)
⑦ watch out 小心
⑧ wear out 穿破，用壞，(使)疲乏，消磨
⑨ find out 找出，查出
⑩ make out 填寫，完成．設(shè)法應(yīng)付
get out 出去，逃離，泄露，公布
pick out 看出，選出
think out 想出
give out 發(fā)出，筋疲力盡
set out出發(fā)，陳述
[例句]Please go out and tell the children to make less noise. 請出去告訴孩子們不要吵鬧。/ These bicycles have been rushed out and not up to our usual standard. 這些自行車匆忙大量生產(chǎn)，沒有達(dá)到我們的正常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。/ Watch out. The train is coming. 小心，火車來了。/ Your will wear out your patience in time, my friend. 朋友，最終我們會沒有耐心的。
【考例】(2005湖北) This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can ____ my father.
A. find out B. pick out
C. look out D. speak out
[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查out構(gòu)成的短語意思區(qū)別。
[答案與解析]B pick out意為“挑選，辨別出”；find out意為“找出．發(fā)現(xiàn)”；look out意為“留神，注意”： speak out意為“大聲說出”。
[牛刀小試2]
請根據(jù)句意，選用所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空：
(get away，take up，take on，think out，get down to)
1. -- Shall we set off right now? -- Sorry. I'm too busy to ____ for the moment. (get away)
2. The final examination is coming: you really must ____ your studies. (get down)
3. The manager doesn't have much free time as his work ____ nearly all his spare time. (takes up)
4. We also shared a number of qualities which we fell were in our favor when we ____ the task. (took on)
5. He might have ___his idea about the art exhibition much better, if he had planned what he wanted to say. (thought out)
☆句型歸納☆
1. You shouldn't go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. 除非你會游泳，而且要一直穿著救生衣，否則就不應(yīng)該去做漂流運(yùn)動。
該句中的unless引導(dǎo)狀語從句。例如：One can't learn a foreign language well unless he studies hard.
unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，一般可以與if...not...互換。還要注意unless引導(dǎo)的從句經(jīng)常可以省略。
【考例】(200l北京春招)The men will have to wait all day ____ the doctor works faster.
A. if B. unless C. whether D. that
[考查目標(biāo)]狀語從句。
[答案與解析]B 句子意思是“如果醫(yī)生不快點(diǎn)工作，
這些人將不得不等一整天。”應(yīng)該選unless。
2. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people. 生態(tài)游可以找到既幫助別人．又幫助動植物的途徑。
該句中的as well as是連詞，連接兩個并列成分。例如: He can speak German as well as French.
常見的用法:
1. well是副詞，意思是“好，優(yōu)秀”，as well as是形容詞 同級比較結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. as well as是固定短語，意思是“和”，相當(dāng)于"not only … but also..."。
3. as well as連接兩個并列成分作主語時，句子的謂語動詞應(yīng)該與前面那個名詞或代詞的人稱或數(shù)保持一致。
4. as well as還可當(dāng)作復(fù)雜介詞用，意思是“除了……之外，還有”；相當(dāng)于"besides，apart from"。
5. as well，是副詞短語，意思是“也”，相當(dāng)于“too / also”常位于句尾，與too位置相當(dāng)。
6. may / might as well do sth 表示“還是……的好”。
【考例】(NMET 1994) John plays football ____, if not better than David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
[考查目標(biāo)] as well as連接比較狀語從句。
[答案與解析]B 該句中 if not better than相當(dāng)于插入語，起干擾作用，如果不予考慮，原句就變成了同級比較結(jié)構(gòu) "John plays football as well as David"。
3. Before she could move，she heard a loud noise. 她還沒有來得及動彈，就聽見很響的聲音。
However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. 但還沒有回過身來，洪水便逼近了她。
該兩句中的before用作連詞，后接時間狀語從句。before用作連詞，接時間狀語從句時，表示“在……之前”。但在不同的語境中，往往有比較靈活的譯法。例如: He knocked me down before he saw me. 他差一點(diǎn)把我撞倒，才看到我。
【考例】(2005廣東) The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.
A. after B. before C. when D. then
[考查目標(biāo)] 時間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞選擇。
[答案與解析]B before 表示“直到……”。
4. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 洪水想必深達(dá)三米，樹一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水沖斷了。
該句中的must have been表示推測。例如：You look so tired. You must have stayed up last night.
情態(tài)動詞may，might，most．can，could常用來表示推測。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑問句中。may，might，must，can，could后接動詞原形表示對現(xiàn)在的推測；may，might，must，can，co