Period5 Grammar and Usage
Teaching Objectives:
1.Use unreal conditionals of the present, past or future time.
2. Improve students’ ability of using unreal conditionals
Teaching Procedures:
Step1 Lead-in
Look at the two sentences
1.If it were Sunday, I would go hiking.2. If I were a bird, I could fly.
Think about the questions
1,If it were Sunday, what would you do?2.Is it real that it is Sunday today?
3.Is it possible for you to be a bird?
Step2 Presentation
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1） 概念
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反
2） 在條件句中的應(yīng)用
條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.
e.g. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it .
如果他昨天見(jiàn)到你，他會(huì)問(wèn)你這件事的。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.
如果明天不下雨的話，我們就去公園。
一：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法。
條件從句 從 句 主 句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 had + 過(guò)去分詞 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 過(guò)去分詞
與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 1.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式
2.should + 動(dòng)詞原形
3.were to + 動(dòng)詞原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形
1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果
e.g.我是你的話，我會(huì)馬上走。
If I were you , I would go at once.
e.g. 要是我哥在這兒，一切都沒(méi)問(wèn)題了。
If my brother were here, everything would be all right.
Translation:
1、如果他有時(shí)間，他就會(huì)（可能）和你去。
e.g. If he _______ time, he ________________________ with you.
2、要是我是你，我就會(huì)/可能對(duì)他說(shuō)實(shí)話。
e.g. If I ________ you, I _________________________ him the truth.
注：主句中should只用于第一人稱，從句中的should可用于任何人稱。
2.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)或結(jié)果
e.g. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would/could/might have met the famous singer.
如果你早來(lái)幾分鐘的話，你就會(huì)（可能會(huì)）見(jiàn)到那個(gè)著名歌唱家。
e.g. If I had had the money last week, I should /would/could/might have bought a car.
如果我上星期有了這筆錢，我就會(huì)（可能）買1輛車。
Translation:
1、要是她早來(lái)五分鐘，她就能趕上早班車了。
e.g. If she ____________ five minutes earlier, she ______________the early bus.
2、如果你昨天在這里，昨天他就能找到你了。
e.g. If you _________here, he____________________ you yesterday.
3、表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果
e.g. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
明天要是天氣好的話，我來(lái)看你。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
假如天下雨，莊稼就一定（有可能）得救。
If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out .
如果今晚下雪，他們將不出去了。
4.虛擬條件句可以轉(zhuǎn)換的形式
（1）省略連詞if
在書面語(yǔ)中，如果虛擬條件句中有were, had或should，可以把if省略，而把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。
Were I you (If I were you ), I would not do it
我要是你，就不做這事
Should he come(If he should come),tell him to ring me up.
他要是來(lái)了，讓他給我打個(gè)電話。
( 2 )用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句
Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things.
如果沒(méi)有空氣的話，就不會(huì)有生物了。
But for your help(If it hadn’t been for your help)I couldn’t have done it.
要不是你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。
Step3. Practice
Do the exercises on Page 40 and 41.
Step4. More practice
Ex1. Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets in their proper forms.
1.You didn’t let me drive. If we ____________(drive) in turn, you ________________(not get) so tired.
2.__________it ________(not be) for your help, I couldn’t have made any progress.
3.--Has Mr. Smith recovered now?
--Yes. Who____________(think) that such a serious illness could be cured?
4.____________it _____________(rain) tomorrow, the match would be called off.
5.Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They said that it _____________________(organized) better.
6.Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if ____________________(get) a job, she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.
7. Much labour would have been saved if electronic computer _________________(invent) before.
8.-------Well done, Jack！
-----Thanks. But given more time, I________________(do) it better.
Ex2. Choose the right answer.
1. Everything if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.
A. will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed
C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed
2. The business is risky. But , we would be rich.
A. should we succeed B. we should succeed
C. might we succeed D. would we succeed
3. What would have happened, ________, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
4. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent
5. ______ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Was he leaving B. if he leaves
C. Were he to leave D. if he is leaving
6. Supposing this ship ,do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?
A. were to sink B. has sunk C. was sinking D. sunk
7. I don’t think he’ll attend the party, and ______ he attend it, what would he wear?
A. were B. had C. did D. should
8. -- My boss often made me work day and night.
-- If I _____ you, I ______ the job.
A. am, will give up B. had been, would have given up
C. were, would give up D. had been, would give up
9. -- You can ask your brother for help.
-- He isn’t at home. If he _____, I ______.
A. were, would B. is, would C. is, will D. were, will
10. -- Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?
-- No, but if I ________ time, I _________ very glad to go there.
A. have, will be B. had had, would have been
C. had, would be D. had had, would be
11. --Sally finally got here from Chicago.
-- If she_______ earlier, we ______ her to the party then.
A. came, would take B. had come, would have taken
C. comes, will take D. had come, would take
12. If you _______ George, would you please tell him to ring me?
A. saw B. were to see C. had seen D. see
Keys: 1. had driven, wouldn’t have got 2. had, not been 3. would have thought
4. Were, to rain / Should, rain 5. could / might have been organized 6. were to get/should get/got 7.had been invented 8.could/would/might have done
Keys: 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12. D