高一英語導學提綱

M4U1 Advertising Grammar直接引語和間接引語

課前導學

一、閱讀課本P8的內容，完成P9的文章。

二、閱讀課本P10的內容，完成P11Part A and Part B。

三、直接引語和間接引語的簡要介紹

（一）定義

引述某人的話一般采用兩種形式：一種是直接引語（Direct Speech），即原封不動地引用原話，把它放在引號內；另一種是間接引語（Indirect Speech），即用自己的話加以轉述，被轉述的內容不放在引號內。

He said, “I will choose a book for my students.”

他說：“我將為學生選一本書。”

He said that he would choose a book for his student.

他說他將為學生選一本書。

（二）間接引語的變化

直接引語變為間接引語時，間接引語中的動詞時態、人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、時間和地點狀語以及主謂語詞序往往要作相應的變化。

質疑討論

請提出預習中存在的問題。

拓展延伸

看下面的講解，思考并完成下面的填空。

（一） 間接引語中的詞語變化

1. 標點符號的變化：

He said to me, “Don’t buy it!” = He told me not to buy it.

2. 語序的變化： 疑問語序變為陳述語序。

He said to me, “Do you live in London?”

= He asked me if/whether I lived in London.

3. 動詞的變化： say (to)在陳述句中多變為tell等詞，在疑問句中多變為ask等詞，在祈使句中表示命令多變為tell, order等詞，表請求時多變為ask等詞。

He said to me, “Could you please live in London?”

= He asked me if/whether I could live in London.= He asked me to live in London.

4.時態的變化

(1) 如果主句中的謂語動詞是一般現在時態，間接引語中的動詞時態保持不變。

(2) 如果主句中的謂語動詞是過去時態，間接引語中的動詞時態作如下變化：

一般現在時 一般將來時

現在完成時 現在進行時

一般過去時

(3)但是過去進行時，過去完成時，過去將來時保持不變。

(4)表示過去具體年份的狀語不變

(5)表示真理，格言，諺語等不受時間限制的句子不變。

(6) 強調所談情況仍然存在時不變。

She said that the bus leaves at 5:40. (公交車尚未開走)

(7)情態動詞也要變成相應的過去時：

can→could； may→might； must→had to

5. 人稱代詞的變化

歌訣巧記人稱變化：

人稱變更怎么辦？ “一主(1)、二賓(2)、三不變”(3)

若是自引自的話， 聽者不變稱不變。

(1)“一主”指在直接引語中的第一人稱變為間接引語時，要和主句中的主語在人稱上保持一致。如： He said，“I am forty.” →He said that he was forty．

(2)“二賓”指直接引語中的第二人稱變為間接引語時，要和主句中的間接賓語保持人稱一致。如：

He said，“Are you coming tomorrow？”→He asked me if I was coming the next day．

(3)“三不變”指直接引語中的第三人稱變為間接引語時，人稱不變。如：

He said，“Is she an English teacher？”→He asked if she was an English teacher．

注：直接引語為復數，引述者主語為單數，間接引語主語相應變復數。如：

He said，“Are you interested in it？”→He asked me/us if I was/we were interested in it．

6.一變、二換、三變化、四連詞：

（1）直接引語為一般疑問句，變為間接引語的口訣是：

去掉引號加if（或whether）， 陳述語序要記住;

時態、人稱和狀語， 小心變化別馬虎。

（2）直接引語是特殊疑問句，變為間接引語的口訣是：

直接去引號， 陳述莫忘掉;

助動do（does）、did， 一定要去掉。

（3）直接引語為祈使句變間接引語：

去掉引號要加to， asked、ordered加“告訴”（told），

直引若為否定句， not加在to前部。

7. 指示代詞，地點副詞，動詞, 時間狀語的變化

(1)指示代詞的變化：

this these

(2)地點副詞的變化：

here now

(3)動詞的變化：

come bring

(4)時間狀語的變化：

today tonight that night

yesterday /

yesterday morning the morning before

tomorrow the next day

tomorrow morning

this week/month/year

last week/month/year

next week /month/year

3 days ago

the day after tomorrow in 2 days’ time

（二）直接引語轉換成間接引語的幾種特殊形式

1.直接引語是祈使句

當直接引語是祈使句時，轉換成間接引語時通常將祈使句改為動詞不定式形式。如：

2.直接引語是表述建議、要求、同意、推測、判斷的陳述句

如果直接引語是表述建議、要求、同意、推測、判斷的陳述句，轉換成間接引語時可以改為動詞不定式、動詞的-ing形式或含虛擬語氣的賓語從句。如：

Mary said to Bob, “You’d better ask your parents for some advice.”

a. Mary advised / wished Bob to ask his parents for some advice.

b. Mary suggested Bob / Bob’s asking his parents for some advice.

c. Mary advised / suggested that Bob (should) ask his parents for some advice.

3.直接引語是表示建議、要求或征求對方意見類特殊疑問句

一般情況下，直接引語是特殊疑問句時，通常把原來的疑問詞作為連接代詞或連接副詞來引導賓語從句。但當特殊疑問句表示建議、要求或征求對方意見時，特殊疑問句通常還可改為動詞不定式、或動詞的-ing形式或含虛擬語氣的賓語從句。如：

“Why don’t you go swimming with us this weekend?” Jim said to me.

a. Jim asked me why I didn’t go swimming with them that weekend.

b. Jim asked / advised / wished me to go swimming with them that weekend.

c. Jim suggested me / my going swimming with them that weekend.

d. Jim advised / suggested that I should go swimming with them that weekend.

4.直接引語是表示請求、建議、要求或征求意見類一般疑問句可以改為動詞不定式、動詞的-ing形式或含虛擬語氣的賓語從句。如：

“Could you please turn up your radio a little?” Bruce said to John.

a. Bruce asked John if / whether he could turn up his radio a little.

b. Bruce asked / told John to turn up his radio a little.

c. Bruce suggested John turning up his radio a little.

d. Bruce suggested John (should) turn up his radio a little.

5.直接引語是祝福語

當直接引語是祝福語，轉換為間接引語時，可以用say something to someone; wish someone to be / have ... 形式。如：

“Happy birthday to you, Alice!” Gary said.

a. Gary said “Happy birthday” to Alice.

b. Gary wished Alice to have a happy birthday.

6.直接引語是感嘆句

當直接引語是感嘆句時，可以轉換為以原來的感嘆詞what或how所引導的賓語從句；也可以用that把原來的感嘆句改為賓語從句。如：

We said: “What a clever monkey it is!”

a. We said what a clever monkey it was.

b. We said that it was a clever monkey.

遷移創新

1.He said to me, “I’ve known you since you came to this place.”

2.He said to me, “Did you come yesterday, a few days ago or last Sunday?”

3. She said, “He will come here again tonight.”

4.Tom said to Kate, “You speak English better than me.

5.Tom asked Mike, “Does she often come to school late?”

6.He said, “The earth turns around the sun.”

7.He said, “When I got to London, she had lived there for years.”

8. He said, “I will live in London next year.”

KEYS

1.He told me that he had known me since I went to that place.

2. He asked me if/whether I had gone the day before, a few days before or the Sunday before.

3. She said that he would go there again that night.

4. Tom told Kate that she spoke English better than him.

5.Tom asked Mike if/whether she often went to school late.

6. He said that the earth turns around the sun.

7. He said that when he got to London, she had lived there for years.

8. He said that he would live in London the next year.

英語學科校本作業

班級_____ 姓名_________ 學號_____

請將下列直接引語改為間接引語。

1. “I'm glad to receive your e-mail,” said he.

　________________________________________________

2. He said to me, “Are you going home this weekend?”

　________________________________________________

3. “How do you like the food here?” said she.

　________________________________________________

4. She said to me, “Don't ride in the street.”

　________________________________________________

5. “Stand where you are!” the police said to the young man.

　________________________________________________

6.She said, "We have worked on the school farm for two weeks."

7.He said, "I'm reviewing my lessons."

8.They said, "We arrived this morning."

請在下列空白處填上適當的詞語，使句意不變。

1．She said, “Are you from the south?”

　 She asked ________ I ________ from the south.

2. Mom said to me, “Don't tell a lie.”

　 Mom ________ me ________ ________ tell a lie.

3．Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.”

　 Susan told me that ________ ________ ________ the Red Star Farm ________ ________ ________.

4．Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”

　 Mr Paul ________ us that light ________ faster than sound.

5．“Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him.

　 The manager ________ him ________ ________ and post the letters.

參考答案： I.

1. He said that he was glad to receive my e-mail.

2. He asked me if/whether I was going home that weekend.

3. She asked how I liked the food there.

4. She told me not to ride in the street.

5. The police ordered the young man to stand where he was.

6 . She said that they had worked on the school farm for two weeks.

7. He said that he was reviewing his lessons.

8. They said that they had arrived that morning.

II. 1. if / whether; was 2. told; not to

3. they had visited; the week before 4. told; travels

5. told; to go