二、教學(xué)方法建議
（一）主題任務(wù)（Core task）
根據(jù)本單元的中心話題，建議設(shè)計(jì)以下三個(gè)任務(wù)供教師參考，并根據(jù)實(shí)際情況運(yùn)用任務(wù)。
任務(wù)一：收集植物
活動(dòng)時(shí)間：完成熱身、聽(tīng)力及口語(yǔ)之后
語(yǔ)言知識(shí)要求：與本單元有關(guān)的詞匯
語(yǔ)言技能要求：聽(tīng)、說(shuō)
活動(dòng)形式：
1．個(gè)人活動(dòng)：搜索有關(guān)植物的知識(shí)，記錄整理：
What is the name?
What is it like?
What is it used for?
What is its family?
2．小組活動(dòng)：四至五人一組，小組同學(xué)互相介紹自己搜集的植物，然后推選一至兩人到班上展示。
3．班級(jí)活動(dòng)：各組學(xué)生代表用表格、圖片或課件等形式向同學(xué)介紹該植物。其他同學(xué)做記錄，盡可能多地了解植物。
任務(wù)目的：
1．熟悉、認(rèn)識(shí)更多的植物；
2．更多地了解植物的特性、象征意義等；
3．在實(shí)踐中運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言及知識(shí)，解決生活中的問(wèn)題。
任務(wù)二：小小花卉展(小小生物角)
活動(dòng)時(shí)間：貫穿整個(gè)單元
語(yǔ)言知識(shí)要求：與本單元相關(guān)的詞匯
語(yǔ)言技能要求：聽(tīng)、說(shuō)，讀、寫(xiě)
活動(dòng)形式：
1．班級(jí)活動(dòng)：本單元一開(kāi)始，教師布置每個(gè)同學(xué)(或兩人一組)準(zhǔn)備一種或一種以上花盆植物，可以是家里現(xiàn)成的，也可以是自己去山上采挖、然后種植于花盆的。
2．個(gè)人或兩人小組活動(dòng)：同學(xué)分頭準(zhǔn)備花盆植物，并用英語(yǔ)記錄花卉名稱(chēng)、產(chǎn)地、用途、花卉形狀、象征涵義等。
3．個(gè)人或兩人小組活動(dòng)：記錄、觀察花卉的生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程，做觀察日記：如土壤要求、氣候要求、用水要求、成長(zhǎng)變化等。
4．分組活動(dòng)：6-8人一組，同學(xué)之間互相介紹自己所準(zhǔn)備的植物，用英語(yǔ)描述、介紹該植物的特性等；然后貼上標(biāo)簽，注明植物名稱(chēng)、標(biāo)明植物特性，掛上自己做的觀察日記。小組同學(xué)互相提出修改意見(jiàn)。
5．班級(jí)活動(dòng)：植物展覽，同學(xué)互相學(xué)習(xí)，評(píng)出最佳花卉、最佳植物描述、最佳觀察日記等。
任務(wù)目的：
1．培養(yǎng)、激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)大自然的熱愛(ài)；
2．盡可能多熟悉、解植物特別是花卉的有關(guān)知識(shí)；
3．培養(yǎng)學(xué)生仔細(xì)觀察、認(rèn)真記錄的習(xí)慣，并注意準(zhǔn)確記錄；
4．將所學(xué)語(yǔ)言和知識(shí)用于實(shí)踐，學(xué)以致用；
5．美化、愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境。
任務(wù)三：生物科學(xué)家論壇
活動(dòng)時(shí)間：學(xué)完“讀前”、“閱讀”、“讀后”、“綜合技能”之后
語(yǔ)言知識(shí)要求：本單元有關(guān)詞匯
語(yǔ)言技能要求：讀、寫(xiě)、說(shuō)、聽(tīng)
活動(dòng)形式：
1小組活動(dòng)：以4-6人為一小組，討論確定將要介紹的生物科學(xué)家。
2．個(gè)人活動(dòng)：分工搜索、重組材料(有條件的學(xué)校可以要求學(xué)生利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜尋資料并將材料根據(jù)需要以Powerpoint形式或網(wǎng)絡(luò)形式制成課件)。要求學(xué)生在語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用上突出重點(diǎn)，充分利用本單元的語(yǔ)言。
3．小組活動(dòng)：小組成員之間介紹、交流自己搜尋的材料，整合所有有用信息。
4．班級(jí)活動(dòng)：小組同學(xué)以論壇形式向全班同學(xué)演示、介紹該生物科學(xué)家，班級(jí)將各組的資料做成墻報(bào)進(jìn)行展示(也可以在網(wǎng)上共享)，并評(píng)出最佳作品。
任務(wù)目的：
1．加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的探究意識(shí)，提高學(xué)生有目的地搜索信息和加工信息的能力；
2．了解、熟悉更多的生物科學(xué)家，學(xué)習(xí)他們的科學(xué)精神；
3．運(yùn)用、鞏固有關(guān)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，提高學(xué)生的思辯能力。
評(píng)價(jià)工具(選票)
Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4
They cooperated well．
They used what they had learnt recently．
Their introduction was meaningful and informative．
They used proper aids in their presentation．
They wrote the introduction by themselves and the language is good．
(二)熱身(Warming up)
本單元的話題是“綠色世界”，主要談?wù)摰氖侵参飳W(xué)這一學(xué)科。學(xué)生對(duì)這一話題并不陌生，但是也不會(huì)懂得很多。建議教學(xué)活動(dòng)如下：
1．T：What is the green world? What can we see in the green World?
Ss：We can see a lot of trees，plants，flowers， vegetables and etc．
2．How many trees do you know? 教師向?qū)W生展示有關(guān)樹(shù)的圖片。
How many flowers do you know? Can you name some?(Ss can name the flowers in Chinese if they don’t know the English for the flowers．)教師向?qū)W生展示有關(guān)花的圖片，并逐個(gè)討論。
如：
What is the name of the flower?
Where does it usually grow?
What is it used for?
Does it have any special meaning? What is it?
Can you describe it?
What is your favourite flower? Why?
教師和學(xué)生一起討論有關(guān)花卉知識(shí)，并呈現(xiàn)有關(guān)花卉的詞匯。然后完成課本練習(xí)。
(注意：下列材料僅供參考：)
Flowers come in many different colours，shapes and sizes．Flowers like tulips and roses are big and showy，but grass and oak tree flowers are tiny and often difficult to see．Flowers grow on garden plants，on shrubs，on trees and even on grasses．They contain the parts that make seeds．The seeds will grow into new plants．So flowers help to make more plants of the same kind．
Blossoms Many trees have attractive colourful flowers，or blossoms．The blossoms of fruit trees，such as cherry，apple and pear, develop into fruits，which contain the trees’seeds．
Colour and scent Some flowers，like poppies，are brightly coloured. Hyacinths and roses are colourful and have a sweet smell，F(xiàn)lowers which bloom early in the year, such as snowdrops and daffodils，are mostly white or yellow．Sunflowers are always yellow in colour, but other flowers，like chrysanthemums，can be yellow． orange，blue，red，and many other colours，too．
Hidden flowers The flowers of grass and sedge plants can be difficult to see．They are often the same colour as the plants，leaves and steins Some trees，such as willow and poplar trees，grow plain-looking flowers called catkins They hang down from the tree in small clusters
(三)聽(tīng)力(Listening)
熱身活動(dòng)之后，相信學(xué)生對(duì)花卉有了初步的了解。聽(tīng)力的內(nèi)容是有關(guān)“水果”的話題，因此，教學(xué)活動(dòng)可以緊接著進(jìn)行。建議教學(xué)開(kāi)展“聽(tīng)前”、“聽(tīng)錄音”和“聽(tīng)后”活動(dòng)。
1．聽(tīng)前活動(dòng)：師生討論
T：Now you have some knowledge of flowers The green world includes flowers，vegetables and fruits．Do you like fruits? What do you know about them? What kinds of fruit do you know? (教師可以出示各種水果圖片，學(xué)生討論水果有關(guān)知識(shí))
學(xué)生小組討論：
1)names of the fruits；
2)kinds of the fruits；
3)ways to put different kinds of fruit into groups；
4) why people need to eat fruit．
班級(jí)討論：小組向全班同學(xué)展示剛才討論內(nèi)容。
2．聽(tīng)錄音，完成第4、5練習(xí)。
3．聽(tīng)后活動(dòng)：學(xué)生根據(jù)聽(tīng)前討論內(nèi)容和錄音材料，談?wù)勊矫娴挠嘘P(guān)內(nèi)容，也可以作為課后書(shū)面作業(yè)，寫(xiě)在作業(yè)本上。
(四)口語(yǔ)(Speaking)
口語(yǔ)活動(dòng)的教學(xué)目標(biāo)可以從以下三個(gè)方面考慮：1．語(yǔ)言目標(biāo)--學(xué)會(huì)如何敘述做事步驟。如： First(ly)．second(ly)，After that，At last等。2．知識(shí)目標(biāo)--會(huì)談?wù)撊绾畏N植花草、蔬菜等綠色植物。3．技能目標(biāo)--學(xué)會(huì)種植一種綠色植物，培養(yǎng)自己動(dòng)手、策劃和探究能力。
建議教學(xué)開(kāi)展以下活動(dòng)：
1．師生討論：
T：Do you have pots of plants in your home?
What is it?
Who usually looks after it?
Have you ever planted or grown any flowers or vegetables? Do you know how?
教師也可以事先準(zhǔn)備一棵植物，與學(xué)生一起討論：
T：Do you know what it is? Do you know how to plant (look after) it?
2．生生討論：2-3人一組，其中一個(gè)記錄。如：
S1：What have you grown?／What would you like to grow?
How would you take care of it?
I water it regularly…
S2：I have a pot of flowers in my home．It is called chrysanthemum．I planted it last spring．I know how to grow it．Firstly，…
S3：I have planted a pot of cymbidium．First…．
3．班級(jí)活動(dòng)：全班同學(xué)討論、講述如何種植花卉或蔬菜體會(huì)，例如：It is a good idea to… Firstly， we…Secondly，we…學(xué)生在敘述做事步驟時(shí)，再一次運(yùn)用firstly，secondly，thirdly，then等詞進(jìn)行描述。然后完成課本練習(xí)2和練習(xí)3。
也可以參照任務(wù)二。
(五)讀前(Pre-reading)
為了更好地理解課文，教師可以在讀前做一些適當(dāng)?shù)匿亯|。如教師可以呈現(xiàn)植物、水果圖片或?qū)嵨铮龑?dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)入植物的世界。
T：What's this? (What are these?)
What are they used for?
Where are they from?
Can you classify them into groups?
What do we call the persons doing the research on the plants? (botanists)
Do you know any botanists?
How do scientists classify them now? How did they classify them in the past?
How was the science of botany born?
然后自然過(guò)渡到閱讀課文。
(六)閱讀(Reading)
本閱讀篇章的目標(biāo)為：
1．使學(xué)生了解植物學(xué)這一學(xué)科的形成，并了解一個(gè)學(xué)科的形成需要經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間及幾代科學(xué)家的努力和奮斗。
2．使學(xué)生了解科學(xué)家為科學(xué)事業(yè)所作的努力及其奮斗精神。
3．培養(yǎng)學(xué)生捕捉細(xì)節(jié)、分析主題最終提高閱讀的能力。
針對(duì)這些教學(xué)目標(biāo)，建議進(jìn)行如下教學(xué)活動(dòng)：
1．解讀標(biāo)題The Birth of a Science。由于有了讀前的過(guò)渡、鋪墊，學(xué)生容易理解本文標(biāo)題。
2．疏通課文，捕捉細(xì)節(jié)。
Scientists Achievements and contributions
Carl Linnaeus He developed the system how to classify plants into groups His system conquered the world.
Daniel Solander
Linnaeus’student, travelled to England to promote the new system and travelled on the Endeavor with Joseph Banks．
Joseph Banks
rich．but made his career in science，He made his first journey to study wild plants in 1766． His second expedition was the great voyage with James Cook to the Oceania．He supplied about 10,000 pounds．His three-year voyage achieved a lot on botany He not only studied and described the new plants he found but also looked out for new economic species After his return．he helped develop the royal gardens at Kew into one of the great botanical gardens in the world and made it a center of scientific and economic research．
(有關(guān)這三位科學(xué)家的參考資料見(jiàn)補(bǔ)充參考資料)
3．深層理解、歸納課文。
Do you think it is easy to have a science born?
What is the main idea of the text?
4．升華主題。
What is important in their scientific work?
What can we learn from these scientists?
(七)讀后(Post-reading)
讀后練習(xí)的目的是加深對(duì)閱讀的理解，其中問(wèn)題2、3、4可在閱讀過(guò)程中處理。然后組織學(xué)生討論：How was the science of botany born? Was it easy?也可以結(jié)合任務(wù)三，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生更多地了解植物學(xué)家，進(jìn)一步激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)生命科學(xué)的熱愛(ài)和探索熱情。
(八)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)(Language study)
1．詞匯學(xué)習(xí)(Word study)
詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的第一個(gè)練習(xí)讓學(xué)生根據(jù)句子意義，在方框中找出與句子劃線部分意義相似的詞或短語(yǔ)；第二個(gè)練習(xí)運(yùn)用本單元所出現(xiàn)的詞匯完成短文填空。建議做練習(xí)前，教師在復(fù)習(xí)課文的同時(shí)對(duì)本單元出現(xiàn)的詞匯以聽(tīng)寫(xiě)、造句，編故事等形式先做一一復(fù)習(xí)、歸納，然后讓學(xué)生自己完成這兩個(gè)練習(xí)。
2．語(yǔ)法(Grammar)
語(yǔ)法部分復(fù)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句。鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行探素性學(xué)習(xí)，自己進(jìn)行分析歸納。
(九)綜合技能(Integrating skills)
綜合技能的閱讀部分主要介紹了達(dá)爾文及另外兩位科學(xué)家格雷戈門(mén)德?tīng)枺s特杜爾松關(guān)于物種的研究和他們的成糶。達(dá)爾文參加“小獵犬號(hào)”船隊(duì)遠(yuǎn)征，完成了科學(xué)巨著《物種起源》。在加拉帕戈斯群島，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾百種不被世人知曉的新植物，并發(fā)現(xiàn)植物與動(dòng)物物種一樣起源于不同的居住地和不同的食物源，同時(shí)還找到了解釋不同物種之間差異的答案；19世紀(jì)40-50年代，門(mén)德?tīng)柨釔?ài)大自然，做了大量的花草實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)植物的特性代代相傳，并不受環(huán)境影響，他的研究使植物遺傳學(xué)誕生；1922年，杜爾松找到證據(jù)，表明由于各地的氣候條件、土壤狀況不同，同一物種的植物也會(huì)產(chǎn)生差異。三位科學(xué)家的研究表明遺傳和環(huán)境對(duì)植物有著極其重要的影響。
教師可以讓學(xué)生細(xì)讀課文，完成下列表格。
Names of the scientists
When and where
Achievements
寫(xiě)作部分可以讓學(xué)生結(jié)合所學(xué)課文，通過(guò)仔細(xì)觀察，以及根據(jù)課文提供的寫(xiě)作提要完成作文。可采用生生互動(dòng)及師生互動(dòng)參與評(píng)價(jià)。
評(píng)價(jià)工具：
三、教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)建議
(一)非測(cè)試評(píng)價(jià)根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際情況回答下列向題，并存入個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)檔案：
The things I can do Evaluation
I have learned more about green world． 5 4 3 2 1
I can describe the green world now． 5 4 3 2 1
I can observe the world around us carefully now． 5 4 3 2 1
I can take a right attitude while learning and working． 5 4 3 2 l
I can talk about things in a proper procedure． 5 4 3 2 1
I can use object correctly． 5 4 3 2 1
I can write all essay by observing． 5 4 3 2 1
(二)測(cè)試性評(píng)價(jià)
1．Fill in the blanks with the following words，using their proper forms．
1．The Labour’s Day is coming，we will celebrate it on a large __________．
2．The books in the library are __________ according to subject.
3．The strike __________ many unemployed people．
4. He worked hard and was __________ to manager in the company
5．It is __________ that you attend the meeting．a(chǎn)s you are supposed to make a speech there．
6．She __________ to be sent to prison
7. He hired a plane．regardless of __________．
8. The __________ of money．knowledge and experience is important in our career．
9．One can not __________ happiness and wealth．
10．A $ 100 __________ has been offered for the return of the stolen painting.
2．Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions．
1．He is eager to learn．Namely， he shows an appetite __________ knowledge．
2．She is called Rose，which is named __________ a flower．
3．Comrade Deng Xiaoping passed __________ in 1997.
4．Joseph Banks was involved __________ enterprises such as the exploration of Africa and the settle ment of Australia．
5．They fell in love __________ first sight．
答案：
1
1 scale 2 classified 3 involved
4 promoted 5 essential 6 deserved
7 expense 8 accumulation
9 identify 10 reward
2
1 for 2 after 3 away 4 in 5 at