知識(shí)梳理
Ⅰ.網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建
詞匯 單詞 hero scene *career role award prize choice degree speed *studio
*creature *adult peace industry owe accept *primary determine
*comment interrupt apology apologize fault introduce forgive *culture manners impression *behave roll dessert custom course raise advice spirit mix extra stare
詞組 take off go wrong owe sth.to sb. in all stay away lock sb.up run after bring sb.back on the air think highly of be afraid to do sth. can’t help doing together with leave out stare at make jokes about sb. mean to do mean doing start with ask for
語(yǔ)法 定語(yǔ)從句
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)精講
●重點(diǎn)單詞
1.choose v.
choice n.&adj.
例句集錦
We have to choose a new manager from a shortlist of five candidates.
我們得從最終入選名單上的五位候選人中選出一位新經(jīng)理。
This site has been chosen for the new school.
這塊場(chǎng)地已被選作新學(xué)校的校址。
I chose to go to the cinema alone.
我決定一個(gè)人去看電影。
Employees can retire at 55 if they choose.
如果雇員愿意的話(huà)，可在55歲退休。
There is a wide range of choice open to you.
你有很大的選擇余地。
She is the obvious choice for the job.
她是項(xiàng)工作最合適的人選。
They bought a choice piece of property near the water.
他們?cè)谒呝I(mǎi)了一塊極好的地皮。
用法歸納
*choose v.主要義項(xiàng)為：（1）挑選，選擇（2）決定，寧愿，情愿
*choice n 選擇；入選者；精選品
*choice adj.極好的；精選的
相關(guān)歸納
（1）cannot choose but to do 除做……外別無(wú)他法；只得
He cannot choose but to obey.
=He has no choice but to obey.
他只得服從。
（2）by choice 出于自己的選擇
I wouldn’t go there by choice.
讓我選擇，我不會(huì)去那里。
（3）of choice（for sb./sth.）（用于名詞后）精選的；特選的
It’s the software of choice for business use.
這是商務(wù)專(zhuān)用軟件。
2.speed
例句集錦
v.
The car sped along the road towards the village.
汽車(chē)沿公路朝那村子疾駛而去。
At the news he sped home from abroad.
聽(tīng)到這消息，他立即從海外趕回來(lái)了。
We will be late unless we speed up.
我們要不加快些，就遲到了。
n.
The car was gathering speed.
汽車(chē)逐漸加速。
He reduced speed and turned sharp left.
他減慢速度，向左急轉(zhuǎn)。
She was overtaken by the speed of events.
事態(tài)發(fā)展迅速為她所始料不及。
用法歸納
*speed可以用作動(dòng)詞或名詞。作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要義項(xiàng)有：（1）快速前進(jìn)或移動(dòng)；（2）快速運(yùn)送。常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)：speed up（加速；加快進(jìn)度）。
作名詞時(shí)，主要義項(xiàng)有：速度；速率；進(jìn)度。
特別提示
speed前的介詞with或at的選用
（1）表示抽象、模糊的速度時(shí)，往往用with。如： with speed,with all speed,with great speed
（2）表示極端或具體的速度時(shí)，往往用at。如：at full speed,at high speed,at top speed,at low speed,at ordinary speed,at a speed of...
補(bǔ)充例句
She hit the ball back with great speed.
她快速將球打了回去。
They were marching on with all speed.
他們正全速行進(jìn)。
The airplane flew at a speed of 500 miles an hour.
飛機(jī)以每小時(shí)500英里的速度飛行。
The train was traveling at an ordinary speed.
火車(chē)在以普通的速度行駛。
3.determine
例句集錦
He determined to leave as soon as possible.
=He determined that he would leave as soon as possible.
他決定盡早離開(kāi)。
An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the accident.
已展開(kāi)調(diào)查以確定事故原因。
We set out to determine exactly what happened that night.
我們著手查明那天晚上發(fā)生的事情。
A date for the meeting has yet to be determined.
會(huì)議日期尚待確定。
We are determined to fulfill the task.
我們決心完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
He was determined that no one should know anything about it.
他下決心不讓任何人知道這件事。
用法歸納
*determine v. 查明；測(cè)定；決定；決心；確定；安排
常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：be determined to do/that-clause 有決心；下定決心
4.marry
例句集錦
They married young.
他們很年輕時(shí)就結(jié)了婚。
He never married.
他終身未娶。
She married a man with a lot of money.
她同一個(gè)有錢(qián)人結(jié)了婚。
They got married a year ago.
他們一年前結(jié)的婚。
They have been married for ten years.
他們已結(jié)婚十年了。
The old man married his daughter to an engineer.
這個(gè)老人把他的女兒嫁給了一名工程師。
His daughter was/got married to an engineer.
他的女兒與一名工程師結(jié)了婚。
用法歸納
*marry的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)有：
be married（to）與……結(jié)婚；嫁給……用于表示結(jié)婚的狀態(tài)。
get married（to）與……結(jié)婚；嫁給……用于表示結(jié)婚的動(dòng)作。
marry sb.to sb.把……嫁給……
特別提示
（1）marry是及物動(dòng)詞，表示“與……結(jié)婚”，無(wú)須再用with或其他介詞。
（2）marry是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用；get married也不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
（3）be married可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
錯(cuò)誤：She married with/to a man with a lot of money.
正確：She married a man with a lot of money.
錯(cuò)誤：They have married for ten years.
正確：They have been married for ten years.
錯(cuò)誤：They have got married for ten years.
正確：They got married ten years ago.
5.afford v.
例句集錦
None of them could afford $50 for a ticket.
他們中沒(méi)有哪一個(gè)能拿得出50美元買(mǎi)一張票。
She felt she couldn’t afford any more time off work.
她覺(jué)得再也抽不出時(shí)間歇班了。
She never took a taxi,even though she could afford to.
盡管她坐得起出租汽車(chē)，但她從沒(méi)坐過(guò)。
We can’t afford to buy that expensive car.
我們買(mǎi)不起那輛價(jià)格昂貴的汽車(chē)。
The programme affords young people the chance to gain work experience.
這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃給年輕人提供了獲得工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的機(jī)會(huì)。
用法歸納
*afford主要義項(xiàng)有：（有時(shí)間）做；能做；負(fù)擔(dān)得起（……的費(fèi)用）；經(jīng)得起……；提供；給予
特別提示
afford通常與can,could,be able to等連用，尤其用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。
6.introduce vt.
Introduction n.
例句集錦
Will you introduce your friend to me?
請(qǐng)你向我介紹一下你的朋友好嗎？
Will you introduce yourself?
請(qǐng)你作一下自我介紹好嗎?
We’ve already been introduced.
我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)了。
The next programme will be introduced by Mary David.
下一個(gè)節(jié)目由瑪麗戴維主持。
The company is introducing a new range of products this year.
公司今年將推出一系列新產(chǎn)品。
By way of introduction,let me give you the background to the story.
作為引言，我先來(lái)介紹一下故事的背景。
用法歸納
*introduce的主要義項(xiàng)有：介紹；引見(jiàn)；主持（節(jié)目）；推行；傳入。
*introduction的主要義項(xiàng)有：介紹；引見(jiàn)；引進(jìn)；推行；序言；引言。
7.advise v
advice [U] n.
例句集錦
He often advises the manager.
他經(jīng)常向經(jīng)理提建議。
I’d advise buying your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August.
要是想在8月份去旅行，我建議提前購(gòu)票。
Police are advising fans without tickets to stay away.
警察在告誡沒(méi)有票的球迷離開(kāi)。
Can you advise me what to do next?
你能建議我下一步怎么辦嗎？
They advised that a passport be carried with you at all times.
他們建議護(hù)照要隨身攜帶。
I advised him that he（should）stop smoking.
（=I advised him to stop smoking.）
我建議他戒煙。
It is strongly advised that you take out some form of medical insurance.
竭誠(chéng)勸你辦理某種醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。
He advised me against accepting the job.
他建議我不要接受這份工作。
You should follow your doctor’s advice.
你應(yīng)該遵從醫(yī)囑。
Let me give you a piece of advice.
讓我給你一個(gè)忠告。
I did it on his advice.
我這是照他的囑咐辦的。
用法歸納
*advise（v.）主要義項(xiàng)有：忠告；勸告；建議。
主要搭配形式為：（1）+名/代詞；（2）+動(dòng)名詞；（3）+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式；（4）+名/代詞+不定式；（5）+that-從句；（6）+名/代詞+wh-從句
*advice（n.）作“建議；勸告；忠告；意見(jiàn)”解時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞，其后的介詞多用on，也可以用about。a/several piece（s）of advice 一/幾條建議
特別提示
（1）advise后接從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。
（2）advise可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不可直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但可以跟疑問(wèn)詞+不定式作賓語(yǔ)。
（3）advise可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
8.else adj.
例句集錦
Is there anything else you want to say?
你還有什么要說(shuō)的嗎？
Where else did you go besides Beijing?
除了北京你還去過(guò)哪兒？
I’ll have to borrow someone else’s car.
我不得不借別人的車(chē)。
Who else’s advice do you want to take?
你想聽(tīng)誰(shuí)的勸告？
Get dressed quickly,or else you’ll miss the first bus.
快穿好衣服，否則的話(huà)你會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)第一班車(chē)。
用法歸納
*else（adj.）意為“其他的”，不作前置定語(yǔ)，只能用在疑問(wèn)詞或不定代詞之后；else的所有格是else’s。or else“否則的話(huà)，要不然……”。
●重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1.owe sth.to sb./sth.或 owe sb.sth.歸功于；歸因于；起源于
例句集錦
He owes his success to hard work.
他的成功是靠勤奮工作。
The play owes much to French tragedy.
這部戲頗受法國(guó)悲劇的影響。
I owe everything to him.
我的一切都?xì)w功于他。
2.on（the）air 正在播送（電視、廣播）
例句集錦
The Prime Minister will be on the air at 9:00 p.m.
首相將于晚9點(diǎn)作廣播演說(shuō)。
We will be back on air tomorrow morning at 7.
明天早上7點(diǎn)本節(jié)目重新開(kāi)播。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）off the air 停止播送
Why has that station gone off the air?
那個(gè)電臺(tái)為什么停止廣播了？
The programme was taken off the air over the summer.
這個(gè)節(jié)目在夏季里停播。
（2） in the air 不定的；未定的；（指意見(jiàn)等）傳播的；散布的；（軍）無(wú)掩蔽的；無(wú)掩護(hù)的
My plan are still in the air.
我的計(jì)劃還很渺茫。
There is romance in the air.
有種浪漫氣氛。
Their left flank was left in the air.
他們的左翼無(wú)掩護(hù)。
（3）by air 乘飛機(jī)
Will they come by air or by train?
他們是乘飛機(jī)還是乘火車(chē)來(lái)？
3.think highly（well,a lot,the world...）of 對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)很高
例句集錦
We think highly of their research in this field.
我們對(duì)他們這方面的研究評(píng)價(jià)很高。
We all think well of your suggestion.
我們都認(rèn)為你的建議很好。
He thinks the world of his daughter.
他非常器重女兒。
相關(guān)歸納
not think much of .../think poorly（little,badly ...）of 對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)不高
I don’t think much of her idea.
我認(rèn)為她的主意不怎么樣。
You thought very badly of him at first,didn’t you?
你開(kāi)始對(duì)他印象不好，對(duì)嗎？
4.stare at sb./sth.盯著看；凝視；注視
例句集錦
I stared blankly at the paper in front of me.
我茫然地看著眼前這張紙。
He sat staring into space.
=He sat looking at nothing.
他坐在那兒凝視前方。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）glare at 怒目而視
He didn’t shout,he just glared at me silently.
他沒(méi)有喊叫，只是默默地怒視著我。
（2）be staring sb.in the face 明擺著；顯而易見(jiàn)；必定發(fā)生
The answer was staring us in the face.
答案明擺在我們面前。
Defeat was staring them in the face.
他們必遭失敗。
（3）be staring sth.in the face 不可避免
They were staring defeat in the face.
對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，失敗不可避免。
5.be busy with sth.忙于某事（表狀態(tài)）
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）
keep busy doing sth.忙于做某事
例句集錦
I’m busy writing a novel.
我在忙著寫(xiě)小說(shuō)。
She is busy with the housework all day long.
她整天忙于做家務(wù)。
We kept busy preparing for the coming party.
我們?cè)诿χ鴾?zhǔn)備晚會(huì)。
6.start with 以……開(kāi)始
例句集錦
His illness started with a slight cough.
他的病是從輕微的咳嗽開(kāi)始的。
He started with the aim of injuring others only to end up by ruining himself.
他本想損害別人，結(jié)果卻害了自己。 7.be close to 距離……很近；接近；幾乎
例句集錦
Their school is close to a church.
他們的學(xué)校離教堂很近。
She is close to tears.
她快要哭了。
He was close to fifty.
他接近五十了。
8.mean to do sth.有意圖或打算干某事
mean doing sth.意味著干某事
例句集錦
I don’t mean to say we’re perfect.
我并不是說(shuō)我們是完美的。
I meant to call on you,but I was too busy.
我是想來(lái)看你的，可是我太忙了。
I won’t wait if it means delaying more than a week or so.
如果它意味著等一周左右，我就不等了。
●必背句型
1.when等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略
教材原句
（1）While still a student,she played roles in many plays.
=While she was still a student,she played roles in many plays.
在她還是個(gè)學(xué)生的時(shí)候，她就在許多劇中扮演角色。
（2）When asked about the secret of his success,Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
=When he was asked about the secret ...
當(dāng)被問(wèn)到他成功的秘密時(shí)，史蒂文斯皮爾伯格說(shuō)他把他的成功和幸福歸功于他的妻子和孩子。
特別提示
當(dāng)when,while,until,if,unless等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同或主語(yǔ)為it時(shí)，或從句的主謂部分為it和be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)及部分謂語(yǔ)（be動(dòng)詞）可省略。
補(bǔ)充例句
When（he was）asked,he gave good advice.
只要問(wèn)他，他就會(huì)提供好的建議。
If（it is）necessary,we’ll have a meeting.
如果有必要的話(huà)，我們就開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)。
He will not go to the party unless（he is）invited.
除非受到邀請(qǐng)，否則他不會(huì)去參加晚會(huì)。
2.含有until/till結(jié)構(gòu)的句子
教材原句
The village leader,Mr Tian,asks Wei Minzhi to take Mr Gao’s place until he comes back.
田村長(zhǎng)讓魏敏芝替高老師代課，直到他回來(lái)。
特別提示
until/till引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)與肯定句連用時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)作延續(xù)到until/till所表示時(shí)間就停止。
補(bǔ)充例句
When Minzhi has to get off the bus,she walks till she finally reaches the town.
敏芝不得不下了車(chē)以后，一直走到城里。
She waits at the gate of the TV station for two days till the boss calls her.
她在電視臺(tái)門(mén)口等了兩天，直到臺(tái)長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)她。
（2005年春季北京，35）Simon thought his computer was broken ______ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.
A.until B.unless? C.after D.because
答案：A
相關(guān)歸納
We didn’t go until he came back.
直到他回來(lái)我們才走。
特別提示
until/till引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)與否定句連用時(shí)，構(gòu)成not...until/till...結(jié)構(gòu)，主句所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作直到until/till所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生，譯成“直到……才……”。
Not until he came back did we go.
It was not until he came back that we went.
特別提示
強(qiáng)調(diào)not...until/till有兩種方式：（1）not until/till放在句首，主句采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形；（2）用It’s...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 not需要放在被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，句式為：“It is/was not until...that＋主句部分（用肯定形式）”。
3.keep+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)
教材原句
（1）And she doesn’t know how to keep them quiet in class.
她不知道怎樣才能使學(xué)生安靜下來(lái)。
（2） She tries to keep the students in the classroom by locking them up in the classroom and running after those who escape.
她將學(xué)生鎖在教室里，并去追趕跑的學(xué)生，以此來(lái)使學(xué)生待在教室里。
特別提示
keep 表示“使繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)”時(shí)，可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，其中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是：（1）現(xiàn)在分詞；（2）過(guò)去分詞；（3）形容詞；（4）介詞短語(yǔ)；（5）副詞。
補(bǔ)充例句
We’d better keep the fire burning.
最好讓爐火繼續(xù)著下去。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
對(duì)不起讓你久等了。
He couldn’t keep his eyes shut to all this.
他不能對(duì)這一切視而不見(jiàn)。
Keep your clothes clean.
衣服要保持干凈。
What have kept you away for so long?
什么事使你離開(kāi)這么久？
Remember,keep everything in balance.
記住，要保持一切平衡。
The cold kept him in bed for three days.
這次感冒使他三天沒(méi)起床。
4.英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)“……怎么樣？”的結(jié)構(gòu)
教材原句
How about you?你怎么樣？
特別提示
How/What about...?常用來(lái)征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh。about后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞可以有邏輯主語(yǔ)。
補(bǔ)充例句
-What about having a drink?
喝一杯怎么樣？
-Just a little,please.
好吧，喝一點(diǎn)。
How about Ruth?Have you heard from her?
魯思怎么樣？你有她的消息嗎？
I’m having fish.What about you?
我吃魚(yú)，你呢？
What about a break?
休息一下如何？
相關(guān)歸納
（1）-How do you like the book?
你認(rèn)為這本書(shū)怎么樣？
-It is well worth reading.
很值得讀。
特別提示
How do/does...like?用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)某事的感覺(jué)，即喜歡還是不喜歡。
（2）What is the weather like today?
今天天氣怎么樣？
特別提示
What is...like?用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)人或事物的特征，即人的外貌或品德，以及天氣狀況。
（3）How is your father,Xiao Wang?
小王，你父親的身體怎么樣了？
特別提示
當(dāng)How is/are...?的主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)身體健康狀況。
5.would like結(jié)構(gòu)
教材原句
If it isn’t too cold for you,I would like to invite you to come and visit me in the north of China over the next holiday in January.
如果對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)不太冷的話(huà)，我想邀請(qǐng)你在一月份的下一個(gè)假期里來(lái)華北看看。
特別提示
would like to do sth.表示主語(yǔ)“想要做某事”。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）I’d like Tom to go to fetch some newspapers for me.Would you like him to do something for you?
我想讓湯姆去給我取報(bào)紙，你想讓他做點(diǎn)什么嗎？
特別提示
would like sb. to do sth.表示主語(yǔ)“想要?jiǎng)e人做某事”。
（2）-Would you like to see a film with us this evening?
今天晚上和我們一塊去看電影吧？
-Yes,I’d like to./Sorry,but I’m busy.
可以。（對(duì)不起，我太忙了。）
特別提示
請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做某事時(shí)，常用：Would you like to do...? 其答語(yǔ)為：Yes,I’d like to./Yes,I’d love to./Yes,I’ll be happy to./Sorry,but I’m busy.
（3）-Would you like a cup of tea?
喝杯茶嗎？
-Yes,please./No,thanks.
可以。（不了，謝謝。）
特別提示
請(qǐng)對(duì)方吃或喝點(diǎn)什么時(shí)，常用Would you like some...?或Would you like a/another...?對(duì)方的答語(yǔ)常是：Yes,please./Just a little,please./No,thanks.I’ve had enough./I’m full,thank you.
疑難突破
1.reason,cause,excuse
reason指產(chǎn)生某種行為或想法上的推理性理由，與conclusion相對(duì)。reason for表示“……的理由”。
cause主要指導(dǎo)致某種結(jié)果，客觀存在的原因，它是相對(duì)于effect來(lái)說(shuō)的。cause of表示“……的起因”。
excuse 多指為免受指責(zé)或推卸責(zé)任而找的“理由、借口”。
應(yīng)用
（1）The ______of the fire was unknown.
（2）What’s the ______ for your hurry?
（3）When he is late,he can always find a（n）______.
（4）The ______ why he was absent today is that his father died.
答案：（1） cause （2）reason （3）excuse （4）reason
2.sick,ill
（1）sick可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)含有“惡心的，要嘔吐的”之意;the sick指一類(lèi)人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);sick可以構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞，如：airsick（暈飛機(jī)）;seasick（暈船）;carsick（暈車(chē)）;sick還可以構(gòu)成固定詞組，如：be sick for（渴望的）;be sick of（對(duì)……厭倦）。
（2）ill作“生病”講時(shí)，只作表語(yǔ)，不作定語(yǔ);作“壞的，惡心的”講時(shí)，只能作定語(yǔ)，不能作表語(yǔ)。
speak ill of sb.說(shuō)某人的壞話(huà);
Ill luck!=Bad luck!（倒霉！）
應(yīng)用
（1）He spends a lot of money on treating his ______ father.
（2）Don’t make friends with a person with a（n）______ name.
（3）The ______ are taken good care of in this hospital.
（4）Don’t speak ______ of him.
（5）She sings badly.When I hear her sing,I feel ______.
（6）The girl is ______ in bed with a cold,and she is ______ for home.
（7）He is always complaining.We are ______ of listening to his complaint.
答案：（1）sick （2）ill （3）sick （4）ill （5）sick （6）ill/sick,sick （7）sick
3.raise,rise
rise（rose,risen）是不及物動(dòng)詞，主要意思為：升起；上升；上漲；站起身；起床。
raise（raised,raised）是及物動(dòng)詞，主要意思為：抬起；提高；飼養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)大。
應(yīng)用
（1）He ______his voice so as to be heard.
（2）She ______and left the room.
（3）She ______four pigs and many chickens.
（4）The sun ______and bathed the earth in its glow.
（5）The river is ______after the rain.So we can’t swim in it.
答案：（1） raised （2） rose （3） raises （4） rose （5） rising
4.spend,cost,take,pay
（1）sb.spend some time/money on sth.或sb.spend some time/money（in）doing sth.
（2）sth.cost sb.some money/time/life/health
（3）It takes sb.some time to do sth.或sb.take some time to do sth.或sth.take sb.some time to do
（4）sb.pay（sb.）some money（for）sth.
應(yīng)用
（1）It______him three years to write the book.（=He ______three years to write the book.=The book ______him three years to write.=He ______three years writing the book.）
（2）Every year he ______ a lot of money on books/in buying books.
（3）This dictionary ______ me 100 yuan.
（4）Making experiment like that ______much time and labour.
（5）Careless driving may ______ you your life.
（6）They have decided to ______70 000 yuan. for the newly-built house.
（7）We’ll ______you in a few days,when I have money.
答案：（1）took,took,took,spent （2）spends （3）cost （4）costs （5）cost （6）pay （7）pay
5.accept,receive
accept表示主觀意愿，有“接受、同意、認(rèn)可、滿(mǎn)意”之意。
receive表示客觀上“接到、收到”,與主觀意愿無(wú)關(guān)。receive還有“受到、得到;接見(jiàn)、接待”之意。
應(yīng)用
（1）He told the headmaster that he had ______ an invitation to the meeting and asked her whether he could ______ it.
（2）Our suggestions were ______ at the meeting.
（3）I ______ my parents’ letter last Friday.
（4）Where did you ______ your doctor’s degree?
（5）We were warmly ______ at the factory gate.
（6）Did they ______ what you told them?
（7）She applied to join the Party and was ______.
答案：（1）received,accept （2）accepted （3）received （4）receive （5）received （6）accept （7）accepted
6.the one,one,it,that的替代用法
the one,one,it,that 可以用來(lái)替代前文出現(xiàn)的名詞，是經(jīng)常考查的代詞，簡(jiǎn)述如下：
（1） the one用來(lái)替代同類(lèi)事物中特指的一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)用the ones。
（2）one用來(lái)替代上文提到的同類(lèi)名詞中的一個(gè)，表泛指，相當(dāng)于“a（n）+名詞”。復(fù)數(shù)用ones。
（3）it指上文提到的同一事物。
（4）that用來(lái)替換上文出現(xiàn)的帶定冠詞的名詞。復(fù)數(shù)用those。
應(yīng)用
（1）The finger I put into my mouth was not ______I had dipped into the cup.
（2）I need a bike.Lend me______.
（3）I want to use your bike.Could you lend ______to me?
（4）The study of idioms is as important as ______of grammar.
（5）-Do you have a camera?
-No,but Tom has______.He bought ______a week ago.
（6）When you see two spoons,the big ______ is for the soup and the small ______ for the dessert.
（7）The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bit bigger than ______ besides them.
答案：（1）the one （2）one （3）it （4）that （5）one,it （6）one,one （7）the ones
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，23）The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A.for which B.at which C.in which D.on which
剖析：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞” 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是定語(yǔ)從句中的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)。選擇該結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞的原則是：（1）根據(jù)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣;（2）根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣;（3）表“所有”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時(shí)，用of。本題表示“在劇中表演”，應(yīng)用介詞in，故選C。
答案：C
【例2】 （2004年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，23）There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A.where B.which C.when D.that
剖析：關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾trousers，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。全句意思為：在她擦手的褲子上留下了污跡。
答案：A
【例3】 （2004年全國(guó)卷Ⅲ ，28）The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for which
剖析：根據(jù)句意，空格處為“其中”之意，表示“所有”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時(shí)，用of。故選A。
如果將本題改為兩句，定語(yǔ)從句可以改為：The sailing time was 226 days of nine months.
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年江蘇，33）______ is of ten the case,we have worked out the production plan.
A.Which B.When C.What D.As
剖析：從句意看，本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法，故首先排除C項(xiàng)。由于when在定語(yǔ)從句中只能作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而題干中的定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)，因而排除B項(xiàng)；as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后，而as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，其中as表示“正如……那樣”。as is often the case為固定詞組，意為“這是常有的事；正如常見(jiàn)的情形”。全句意思為“正如平常一樣，我們已經(jīng)制訂出了工作計(jì)劃”。最佳答案為D。
答案：D
【例5】 （2004年湖北，23）There was ______ time ______ I hated to go to school.
A.a;that B.a;when C.the;that D.the;when
剖析：本題考查冠詞和定語(yǔ)從句的用法。time作“次數(shù)”解時(shí)，后接關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，即：This/It is the first/second...time that+從句；time作“一段時(shí)光（時(shí)期）”解時(shí)，其前用不定冠詞，其后接關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，構(gòu)成：There was/is a time when...。
答案：B
【例6】 （2004年湖北，25）There are two buildings,______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A.the larger B.the larger of them
C.the larger one that D.the larger of which
剖析：從句意看，后一句為定語(yǔ)從句；逗號(hào)表明這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故選D。
答案：D