教學(xué)目標(biāo)：掌握Unit 4詞匯及詞性變化

教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：掌握分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)分類(lèi)和主要用法

（一）詞匯

host n. 男主人，男主持人

hostess n. 女主人

occur v. 發(fā)生

It occurs（to sb.）that…

fire n. 火

make a fire

catch fire

set fire to

set sth. on fire

put out the fire

scare v. 嚇唬

scared a. 受驚嚇的，害怕的

scary a. 嚇人的，恐怖的

fright n. 恐懼

frighten v. 嚇唬

frightened a. 受驚嚇的，害怕的

frightening a. 嚇人的，恐怖的

disaster n. 災(zāi)難

disastrous a. 災(zāi)難性的

rescue v. 救援

advance v. n. 前進(jìn)，進(jìn)步，預(yù)先

in advance

advanced a. 先進(jìn)的

seize v. 抓住，取得

swallow v. 吞

chew v. 咀嚼

digest v. 消化

辨析draw，drag，pull

draw和drag都譯為“拖，拽”，draw比起drag，更為輕盈，隨意，但它倆都用于拉重物時(shí)可以互換，pull只是一般性詞匯，只表示“拉、拽”與push相對(duì)。

struggle v. 斗爭(zhēng)，掙扎

struggle against

struggle for/ to do

strive v. 斗爭(zhēng)，努力

strive to do

endeavor v. 努力，奮力

endeavor to do

shake v. 搖晃，震動(dòng)

shake one’s hand

shake hands with

shake one’s head

strike，tap，knock，pat

strike譯為“打擊，襲擊，受感觸”，

如：The president decides to strike the terrorism.

This city was struck by a severe tornado.

He was struck by the beautiful scenery.

tap譯為“敲打，敲擊”，與knock相近，knock譯為“敲打，撞擊”

pat譯為“拍打”

如：“ … ” Father said to me patting my shoulder.

destroy v. 毀壞，摧毀

ruin v. 毀壞

in ruins

fear n.

for fear of

in fear of

fearful a. 害怕的，可怕的

be fearful of

fearless a. 無(wú)畏的

（二）本章語(yǔ)法

1. 分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)

我們所說(shuō)的分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)主要有：doing，being done，having done，having been done

過(guò)去分詞只有done

2. 分詞的用法

（1）分詞做表語(yǔ)，

如：The basketball match was very exciting.

He was surprised to hear the news.

（2）分詞做定語(yǔ)

如：The sleeping boy is my nephew.

The boy sleeping on the chair is my nephew.

This shop only sells used books.

The city destroyed in the World War Two is now very beautiful.

（3）分詞做賓補(bǔ)

如：I saw him cooking just now.

He found his room cleaned.

（4）分詞做狀語(yǔ)，做狀語(yǔ)的分詞一般在句首，表示時(shí)間，方式，條件和原因，起到時(shí)間，方式，條件和原因狀語(yǔ)從句的作用；放在句末一般表示伴隨著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種情況或結(jié)果。

如：Entering the room, I found myself alone.

Being watched, he said nothing.

Crowded with people, the room can not hold any more.

Having finished his homework, he went out.

Having been asked to leave, he prepared his luggage.

Using this pen, you can write more fluently.

Considered from this point of view, this question is important.

Being busy, he didn’t go to the party.

Greatly inspired by the teacher’s words, they’ve made up their mind to study hard.

The girl went to school wearing a red skirt.

The professor walked to the lab, followed by some students.

While waiting there, he thought of a good idea.

When heated for a long time, water can boil.

On hearing the news, we were all surprised.

（5）分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

只有現(xiàn)在分詞才有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的變化，而且只有它做狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)時(shí)才有，表語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)時(shí)的現(xiàn)在分詞一般只用普通式doing。

現(xiàn)在分詞一般表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

如：He came into the room, singing happily.

Hearing the news, she burst into laugh.

現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的動(dòng)作，

如：Having eaten too much, he nearly couldn’t stand up.

Not having seen the result of the game, he asked the man next to him.

現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，

如：The man being operated on is his brother.

Being heated, water gives out steam.

現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)完成式一般表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞已完成，

如：Having been surrounded, the enemy had to lay down their weapons.

Having been told not to go, they stayed there.

過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式，同時(shí)表示被動(dòng)與完成，與現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)完成式相似，但后者更強(qiáng)調(diào)完成。

如：Given a good chance, he will succeed.

Having been given enough money, he set off.

【典型例題】

[例1] Don’t put the chair so near to the fireplace, dry wood ______ fire easy.

A. sets B. catches C. on D. put out

（答案為B，著火用catch fire）

[例2] Full of ______, he closed his eyes.

A. fright B. frighten C. frightened D. frightening

（答案為A，fright為名詞）

[例3] ______ by the heavy typhoon, the city has changed a lot.

A. Struck B. Striking

C. Being struck D. Having been struck

（答案為D，被動(dòng)且強(qiáng)調(diào)完成）

[例4] Unluckily, he didn’t ______ the opportunity in time.

A. hold B. take C. receive D. seize

（答案為D，“抓住機(jī)會(huì)”用seize）

[例5] Such a person ______ you talked about is seldom seen now.

A. that B. as C. who D. whom

（答案為B，such修飾先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞用as）

[例6] He got up late, he had to run ______ to school.

A. all the way B. on the way

C. in the way D. by the way

（答案為A，all the way盡全力）

[例7] The big fire ______ many houses by now.

A. damages B. ruins C. destroys D. has destroyed

（答案為D，完成時(shí)）

[例8] The woman ______ was taken to the police station.

A. who caught stealing B. to be caught stealing

C. caught stealing D. caught to steal

（答案為C，定語(yǔ)加伴隨，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)catch sb. doing，在某人做…抓住某人）

[例9] You can use a big plastic bottle ______ was cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in.

A. the top B. whose top

C. with its top D. the top of it

（答案為B，定語(yǔ)從句）

[例10] ______ for the bus, he read the newspaper.

A. Waited B. Waiting C. To wait D. Waited

（答案為B，現(xiàn)在分詞表同時(shí)，主動(dòng)）

[例11] The driver looked sadly at his broken car, ______ how much it would take him to repair it.

A. wondered B. wondering

C. being wondered D. wonders

（答案為B，同上）

[例12] ______ the long journey, they took a rest.

A. Finished B. Having finished

C. Finishing D. Having been finished

（答案為B，主動(dòng)，完成）

[例13] ______ as the best one in the city, the factory was given a medal.

A. To regard B. Having regarded

C. Regarding D. Regarded

（答案為D，被動(dòng)）

【模擬試題】

一. 單項(xiàng)選擇填空

1. for the bus , he read the newspaper .

A. Waiting B. To wait C. Waited D. Being waited

2. His funny story made us .

A. are laugh B. laughed C. laugh D. to be laughing

3. Don’t let your son continue any longer .

A. to crying B. crying C. cry D. cried

4. Did you see the film last week ?

A. was showing B. was shown C. showing D. shown

5. The long talk was and all of us were of it .

A. tired .. tiring B. tiring … tired C. tiring … tiring D. tired … tired

6. We saw something from the tree .

A. hanging B. hangs C. has hanging D. was hung

7. The driver looked sadly at the broken car , how much it would cost to repair it .

A. wonder B. wonders C. wondered D. wondering

8. She was very with the students .

A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. to satisfy

9. ,she saw a passenger passing by quickly .

A. To surprise B. Be surprised C. Surprising D. Surprised

10. translating the articles , they had a rest .

A. Finished B. Finishing C. To have finished D. Having finished

11. If you wave a piece of paper in front of your mouth , you can feel the air .

A. having moved B. moved C. moving D. to move

12. Huck immediately got the bike .

A. repaired B. to repair C. to be repaired D. repair

13. Every night the mad girl has the lights all night long .

A. burnt B. to burn C. burning D. to be burning

14. All the guests here , we began the dancing party .

A. had been B. be C. having been D. were

15. by the party , we are going forward from victory to victory .

A. Leading B. Lead C. Led D. To lead

16. as the best one in the city , the factory was given a medal .

A. To regard B. Having regarded C. Regarding D. Regarded

17. The students are waiting for the problems .

A. to settle B. settle C. to be settled D. steeling

18. that a storm was coming , the captain changed the course .

A. Having been warned B. To be warned

C. Having warned D. Warning

19. Not the colour TV set , she returned sadly .

A. buying B. bought C. having bought D. to be bought

20. working in the town , he made many good friends there .

A. If B. While C. As D. And

二. 改寫(xiě)填空根據(jù)第一句意思，在第二句的空白處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞填空，每空限用一詞使兩句意保持不變。

21. While she was watching the film , she could not keep back her tears .

the film , she could not keep back her tears .

22. The explanation which you gave us is wrong .

The explanation us is wrong .

23. When he had collected all the materials , he set about writing the report .

all the materials , he set about writing the report .

24. I did not find my teacher’s house because I had been given a wrong address .

a wrong address , I didn’t find my teacher’s house .

25. If you think it over , you will have a good idea .

it over , you will have a good idea .

26. After he received the letter , he made a phone call to his girl friend .

the letter , he made a phone call to his girl friend .

27. As I don’t know much English , I’m afraid I can’t express myself clearly .

much English , I’m afraid I can’t express myself clearly .

28. Food that was prepared for him grew cold again .

Food for him grew cold again .

29. The package which was posted just now will reach her in four days .

The package just now will reach her in four days .

30. The old man went into the hospital and was supported by his daughter .

The old man went into the hospital , by his daughter .

31. As my deskmate was very ill , we picked him up to the hospital at once .

My deskmate very ill , we picked him up to the hospital at once .

32. The clothes which are being mended by the girl students are mine .

The clothes by the girl students are mine .

33. Tod stood there dumbfounded and held a large note in his hand .

a large note in his hand , Tod stood there dumbfounded .

34. The professor did the experiment while some students observed beside him .

The professor did the experiment with some students beside him .

三. 用括號(hào)所給的詞的正確形式填空

1. （drive）too fast , he hit the tree .

2. Rooms （face）south get much light .

3. While （wander）by the river , he found a wallet lying on the ground .

4. The （lose）child was crying for his mother .

5. The pupils found a tin of paint （leave）by the workers .

6. （be）sick , he went to see a doctor .

7. （give）the information , he knew what to do next .

8. The story he told was so （interest）that we were all （interest）in it .

9. The news is （disappoint）and they are （disappoint）at it .

10. I never saw a man （wound）so badly .

11. There are a number of people （come）to get examined .

12. Some of the questions （raise）are very difficult to answer .

13. They were discussing the problems when they heard a name （call）.

14. （live）here for years , the old man knows the place well .

15. How do you like the play （put）on now by the students of Class Three ?

16. When we got there , we found all the books （sell）out .

17. This is a （touch）story , I hope you will like it .

18. Sorry , I don’t know , you may ask the man （seat）there .

【試題答案】

一.

1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D

8. B 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. C

15. C 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. B

二.

1. Watching 2. given 3. Having collected 4. Having been given

5. Thinking 6. Having received 7. Not knowing 8. prepared

9. posted 10. supported 11. being 12. being mended

13. Holding 14. observing

三.

1. Driving 2. facing 3. wandering

4. lost 5. left 6. Being

7. Having been given 8. interesting , interested

9. disappointing , disappointed 10. wounded

11. coming 12. raised

13. called 14. Having lived

15. being put 16. sold

17. touching 18. seated