牛津高中英語模塊二（第一講）

主講教師：邵磊

主審： 孫德霖

【教學內容與教學要求】

教學內容：

牛津高中英語模塊二Unit 1（上）

二、教學要求：

1．學會談論有關宇宙空間的簡單話題。

2．學習閱讀英語新聞綜述。

3．理解現在完成時和現在完成進行時的意義和用法。

【知識重點與學習難點】

重要單詞：

tale, unexplained, .alien, mystery, technology, monster, sunken(adj) stonehenge, pyramid, disappearance, multi-coloured, nightmare, detective, format, detail, paragraph, Yeti, puzzle(n&v), sighting, witness, creature, research, frighten, case, murder, convincing, evidence, typical, outer, progress, treasure, lately, website, wild, similar, hairy, strength, footprint, existence, inch, exploration, orbit, launch, artificial, astronaut, oxygen.

二、重點詞組：

run into碰到, believe in相信（信仰、理論、說法等）, step up加緊, go missing失蹤, show great interest in對….表現出極大的興趣, due to因為, show up露面, according to根據, pull back拉開, do research on在….方面進行研究, rule out排除, look into調查, make up編造, take charge of負責, make a speech作報告, so far到目前為止, outer space外層空間, human beings人類, space shuttle航天飛機, Soviet Union蘇聯, carry out.完成, 實現, 貫徹, 執行, dream of夢想, come true實現, solar system太陽系, comic strip連環漫畫.

三、【語法】

A.現在完成時

1．現在完成時態的構成：現在完成時是由助動詞have/has+過去分詞構成。

2．在現完成時 表示動作完成在過去，強調對現在造成的影響或結果，常與already，just，ever，never和yet等連用。表示曾去過某處have / has been；表示某人去某處（還沒有回來）用have / has gone。例如：I have just locked the door.

He has left London for York.

3．表示過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態，有以下幾種情況：

與for + 表示一段時間的詞組連用。例如：I have worked here for 20 years.

與since + 表示過去某一時刻的詞或詞組連用。例如：They have had 4 meetings since the new term began.4. 非延續性動詞與可延續性動詞 兩者都可用于現在完成時，但非延續性動詞用在現在完成時時不能與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。如果必須這樣用，就需要把非延續性動詞轉化為可延續性動詞或狀態動詞。

He has been back for three days. He has been back since three days ago. It's three days since he came back. Three days has passed since he came back.B.現在完成進行時

構成：have/has been+doing

現在完成進行時是一兼有現在完成時和現在進行時二者基本特點的時態。由于它有現在完成時的特點，所以它可以表示某一動作對現在產生的結果或影響。由于它有現在進行時的特點，所以它也可以表示某一動作的延續性、臨時性、重復性。現在完成進行時比較生動，有時含有明顯的感情色彩,例如:

The couple have been quarreling ever since they got married.（說話人對這對夫妻的關系很不以為然）

You have been asking me questions for the last two hours.（不耐煩）

現在完成進行時可以用來表示一個動作從過去某時開始一直延續到說話時刻還在進行。例如：

He has been working on the puzzle since early morning.

We have been waiting for the result for half a day.

現在完成進行時可以用來表示一個動作從過去某時開始一直延續到說話時刻剛剛結束。例如：

Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.

I have been wondering about your behavior.

3. 現在完成進行時可以用來表示過去剛剛完成的動作，其結果對現在有影響或聯系，例如：

She has been crying(她現在眼睛還在紅腫).

It has been snowing.(地上已經有了一層雪).

【難點講解】

The world we live in today is full of mysteries unsolved even by today’s advanced science and technology.

我們生活的世界里充滿了謎團, 這些謎團即使是當今發達的科學技術也無法解開。

過去分詞短語unsolved even by today’s advanced science and technology是mysteries的定語，它的作用相當于定語從句which are unsolved even by today’s advanced science and technology。當定語從句是由關系代詞＋be動詞＋過去分詞或現在分詞短語構成時，關系代詞和be動詞可以省略。例如：

Stories (which were) made up by him didn’t sound very convincing.

People (who are) living in these areas believe in ghosts.

Advanced 先進的、發達的。

Police in America have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing in Dover, New Hampshire.

美國警方現已加緊對一名15歲失蹤男孩的搜索，該男孩于兩天前在新罕布什爾州的多佛市失蹤。

step up加緊，如: step up production, step up the campaign, step up the lobby(加緊游說)

search在句中作名詞，常見詞組有one’s/the search for（對…的搜索、探求），in search of(為了尋求)。例如：

His search for truth has led to one discovery after another.

He risked his life in search of truth.

Police是集體名詞，形式上永遠是單數，和復數動詞連用。

People have shown great interest in his disappearance due to sighting of puzzling lights in the sky and reports of alien visits around the time of his disappearance.

公眾對男孩的失蹤表現出極大的興趣，原因是在他失蹤前后有人聲稱看到天空中出現令人迷惑不解的亮光，還有關于外星人造訪地球的報道。

Standing inside were lots of white-skinned, strange-looking creatures with large black eyes.

（飛碟）里面站著許多白皮膚、樣子奇怪、長著黑色大眼睛的生物。

這是個倒裝句，這句話的正常語序是：Lots of white-skinned, strange-looking creatures with large black eyes were standing inside. 當句子的主語部分太長，或說話人想要強調對動作的描寫時，可以把現在分詞短語和主語部分的位置交換，形成“現在分詞短語＋be動詞＋主語部分”的倒裝結構。例如：

Lying there was a thin, black woman with untidy hair and stony face.

Coming up is a talk show by our famous host Peter Pan.

white-skinned白皮膚的，這是一個由形容詞＋名詞＋ed構成的復合形容詞，中學階段常見的還有: kind-hearted, bold-faced, ill-tempered等。

strange-looking樣子奇怪的。形容詞/副詞＋動詞＋ing也可以構成的復合形容詞，例如：good-looking, easy-going(好相處的), never-ending, ever-lasting.

believe和believe in

believe+sb表示“相信某人的話”，believe+sth表示“相信某事的真實性”。例如：

I believe George, he has never told a lie.

Do you believe his story?

Believe in+sb表示“信任某人”，believe in+sth表示“相信某事的存在、信仰某種學說或宗教”。例如：

I believe in Ed, he will never let me down (讓我失望).

I don’t believe in UFO.

He believes in Maxism.

search和search for

search+搜查的對象，例如：search the house, search the prisoner.

Search for+，例如：search for gold, search for food.

也可以是：search+搜查的對象＋搜索的目標。例如：search the house for the thief

make up編造, make up for補償、彌補, be made up of由….構成. 例如：

We had to work day and night to make up for the lost time.

He made up this story simply to draw attention to himself.

The exploration team was made up of 4 scientists, a doctor and an Indian guide.

go作為系動詞用法小結：

表示“變得”，常和有關顏色、狀態、質地的形容詞或詞組連用，例如：

a. His hair has gone gray.

b. He went purple（發紫）with anger.

c. The company went broke (破產)after such a heavy loss.

d. Milk goes bad (變質)very easily in hot weather.

e. The children went wild with excitement (高興地發狂).

f. The project can be finished in a week if nothing goes wrong.

表示“選擇….樣的方式、采用….的方法”，例如：go natural回歸自然, go international國際化, go native融入當地社會, go green追求綠色生活。

表示“未受到…”, 常和un+過去分詞構成的形容詞unpunished/ unnoticed/ unchallenged/ uncommented等連用，相當于“pass/get away without being＋過去分詞”，例如：

Many important details have gone unnoticed while he was listening.

If his cheating goes unpunished, more students will follow suit（跟著學）.

【同步練習】

單項選擇

Nanjing is situated------- the Yangtse River.

A. to B. near C. on D. at

John will settle -------- after he gets a job and gets married.

A.down B. up C. about D. for

A large number of people -------- London each year.

A.visits B. visiting C. are visit D. visit

Most of the meat --------bad.

A. have gone B. have went C. has gone D. has went

We have got used to ------- together.

A.work B. works C. worked D. working

He isn`t the man he used to---------.

A.be B. is C. been D. being

He ------ himself ----- the improvement of workers` lives.

A. asked; for B. devoted; to C. paid; by D. put; in

8. This is the hotel -------- some German friends stayed yesterday.

A. which B. where C. the one D. what

9. All ----- glitters is not gold.

A. which B. what C. that D. it

10. Is that the woman ---------- daughter is in your class?

A. who B. whose C. whom D. that

11. They left for Beijing last week and we -------- from them so far.

A. don`t hear B.didn`t hear C. won`t hear D.haven`t heard

12. Whenever he ------ these days, he always carries an umbrella with him.

A. will go out B. is going out C. would go out D. goes out

13.Would you be so kind --------make these calls for me.

A. as soon B. in order to C. for D. as to

14.If it isn`t too ---------- for you, could you open this window please?

A. many troubles B. much trouble C. much pleasure D. little difficulties

15. The window is broken, I will have it ----------.

A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. be repaired

二、用下列單詞或詞組的適當形式填空：

Believe, believe in, run into, step up, search, search for, carry out, frighten

existence, exploration, convince, witness, puzzle, late, sink.

The police ______ already _______ his house but haven’t found any evidence against him.

The local government has ________campaign against bird flu(禽流感).

I ___________ an old friend in the street the other day.

Scientists have been __________ the traces of Yetis in Tibet.

Do you _______ that we will run out of oil in a score of years?

As a businessman he __________ nothing but money.

It is highly impossible to ________ this plan.

There was a _______ look on his face when he heard his name called.

The roar of wild animals at night sounded very ________to the kids.

I’m fully _________ of his innocence(清白)

Have you heard from your parents _______?

She looked past me as if I did not _______.

There were lots of people _________ this historical event.

They found nothing of great value in the _______ ship.

Man has launched many spaceships _______ outer space.

三、完形填空

I went to my favorite restaurant one evening to have supper. I knew the owner very well. 1 I was waiting for the soup to arrive, I looked around to see if I knew anyone in the restaurant. It was 2 that I noticed a man sitting at the corner table 3 watching in my direction, as if he knew me. The man had a newspaper open 4 him, which he was 5 to read, though all the while I could see that he was keeping an eye on me. When the waiter brought the soup, the man was clearly 6 by the familiar way in which the waiter and I talked to each other. He became even more puzzled as time went on and it grew more and more obvious that I was well 7 in the restaurant. In the end he got up and went to the kitchen. After a few minutes he came 8 again, paid his bill and left without 9 looking in my direction.

When I finished and was 10 to pay my bill, I called the owner over and 11 him what the man had wanted. The owner at 12 didn’t want to tell me. I 13 “ Well”, he said “ that man was a detective.” “ 14 ?” I said, much surprised. “ he followed you here because he 15 you were the man he was looking for,” the owner said. “ He showed me a photo of the 16 man. He certainly looked 17 you! Of course since we know you here. I was able to make him 18 that he had made a mistake.” “ It’s 19 I came to a restaurant where I’m where I’m known,” I said, “ otherwise I 20 have been taken to police station!”

1.A. While B. After C. Before D. Until

2.A. time B. time C. here D. there

3.A. began B. enjoyed C. kept D. stopped

4.A. behind B. over C. in front of D. beside

5.A. pretending B. seen C. prepared D. hold

6.A. frightened B. surprised C. puzzled D. pleased

7.A. treated B. welcomed C. received D. known

8.A. around B. up C. in D. out

9.A. another B. a C. any D. each

10.A. able B. about C. willing D. anxious

11.A. told B. showed C. asked D. gave

12.A. last B. first C. least D. once

13.A. insisted B. apologized C. wondered D. regretted

14.A. Certainly B. Really C. Why D. How

15.A. knew B. found C. explain D. thought

16.A. strange B. famous C. wanted D. curious

17.A. for B. at C. after D. like

18.A. believe B. agree C. remember D. learn

19.A. necessary B. funny C. lucky D. clear

20.A. need B. will C. can D. might

【參考答案】

一、CADCD, ABBCB, DDDBC

二、1.have,searched 2. stepped up 3. ran into 4.searching for 5.believe 6. believes in 7.carry out 8.puzzled 9. frightening 10. convinced 11. lately 12. exist 13 to witness 14.sunken 15. to explore

三、ABCCA, CDDAB, CBABD, CDACD

牛津高中英語模塊二（第二講）

主講教師：邵磊（蘇州中學）

主 審： 孫德霖（蘇州中學）

【教學內容與教學要求】

教學內容：

牛津高中英語模塊二Unit 1（下）

二、教學要求：

1．學會制作問卷調查表。

2．交際英語：問候和介紹。

3．現在完成時和現在完成進行時的難點。

【知識重點與學習難點】

重要單詞：

survey, rate(v), questionnaire, construct, ensure, confusion, ignore, precise, specify, specific, reference, draft, inappropriate, humour, discount, apply, application, applicant, issue, interviewee, interviewer, revised, statistics, analyze, recommend, major, possibility, finding, horror, Himalayas, description, attach, fur, hairy, imaginative, illustrate, source, organize, represent, event, entire.

二、重點詞組：

conduct a survey進行民意調查, a list of一列、一欄, rules for適用于…的規則, one at a time每次一個, state one’s opinions on發表對….的看法, point out指出, leave….empty留下空白, in a … manner以…的方式, in return作為回報, job interview求職面試, intend to打算, make recommendations推薦, draw conclusions得出結論, run after追趕, become convinced確信, see….with one’s own eyes親眼看見, give sb an idea of使某人對某事有所了解, hard evidence確切的證據.

三、【語法】

現在完成時和現在完成進行時的難點

現在完成時的時間狀語。

表示“以完成”用法，可以不用時間狀語，也可以和一下幾種時間狀語連用：

1）表示不確定的時間狀語，如 already, yet, before, recently, lately等。例如：

Have you found your wallet yet?

We have already read the book on UFO.

We haven’t been in town lately.

It has rained quite recently.

2) 表示頻度的時間狀語，如 often, sometimes, rarely, ever, never, once, twice, many times 等。例如：

I have sometimes had letters from her.

I’ve never heard them say so.

He has used the cards only twice, they are still quite new.

在與since引導的時間狀語從句連用時，主句有時可以用一般現在時。例如：

I feel much better since I took the pills.

It is dull here since you left.

3)表示包括現在時間在內的時間狀語，如 now, today, this morning, this year, just等。例如：

Man has now learnt how to release energy from atoms.

I’ve just seen your parents.

We have had too much rain this year.

2. 表示“未完成”用法，表示動作或狀態從過去某時開始，繼續到現在，可能繼續下去，也可能剛剛結束，可以和以下幾種時間狀語連用：

for后面加一段時間，如for a year, for a whole week 等。“all+時間”表示一段時間，前面可以不用all。如all day, all year.

介詞或連詞since 后面加時間的起點。例如：

I haven’t seen him since last week.

I met him last week and haven’t seen him since.

Great change has taken place since you left here.

He has written to me often since I fell ill.

3)其他表示包括現在在內的一段時間的狀語，如until(till, up to) now, so far, in(for) the last few years, these days, always, 等。例如：

I have always wanted to have a car like this.

He has been in prison these ten years.

No hard evidence for the existence of Yetis has been found so far.

Where have you been all this while?

現在完成進行時的用法要點

一般只適用于動作動詞， 所表示的動作具有持續性、暫時性和未完成性。例如：

I have been writing this article for 3 hours.

She has been talking about her new dress since breakfast.

Have you two been fighting while I was away?

如果強調剛剛結束，可以加just。例如：

I’ve just been waving good-bye to them.

We have just been talking about you.

2. 用How long…?詢問目前正在進行的動作的時間長度，習慣上多用現在完成進行時。例如：

How long have you been waiting?

How long has she been learning English?

3. 一些狀態動詞用作動作動詞時，也能用現在完成進行時。例如：

There is something I’ve been meaning to tell you.(有件事情我一直想告訴你)。

You have been seeing her all along (你一直跟她來往)。

四、【交際英語】

問候和介紹

1.介紹：

May I introduce myself?

Allow me to introduce myself, my name is Peter.

Mr. Lee, let me introduce Mr. Lin.

I want you to meet my friend, Ed.

This is my buddy, John.

初次見面：

How do you do?

I’m pleased to meet you.

I’m happy to make your acquaintance.

I’m very glad to have the opportunity of meeting you.

I’ve been looking forward to meeting you.

Tom has told me a lot about you.

問候朋友、熟人：

How are you today?

How are you getting on?

How’s everything?

How are you doing?

Haven’t seen you for ages.

Long time no see.

It’s been ages since we last met.

【難點講解】

These rules are to ensure that the questions and statements do not cause any confusion.

這些規則是為了保證問卷中的問題和陳述不會引起混淆。

Be動詞加不定式表示“是為了、將要、應該”等意思。例如：

You are to carry out his order to the word.你應該嚴格執行他的命令。

The president is to make an important speech.總統將發表重要講話。

These exercises are to prepare you for the final test.這些練習是為了期末考試做準備的。

en是一個很活躍的詞綴，可以加在名詞、形容詞之前或之后，構成動詞。例如：

large-enlarge(擴大), wide-widen(拓寬), strength-strengthen(加強), courage-encourage（鼓勵），joy-enjoy

special/ specific

special： 特別的、專用的，格外的，特設的；specific詳細而精確的、明確的，特定用途的。例如:

He did it as a special favour for her.

What is your special interest?

He has a special seat in the library.

Hongkong is a special administrative region in China.

You have to give specific reason if you want turn down his invitation.

The money will be used for a specific purpose.

proper/ appropriate

proper: 正當的、正確的、適當的、符合風俗習慣或道德規范的、嚴格意義上的。

例如：It’s not a proper time for drinking.

You have to speak to her in a proper way.

the books proper to this subject(專屬的)

That’s not a proper thing to do in the classroom.

Proper 表示“嚴格意義上的、真正的”意思時用在所修飾的名詞后面。如city proper

Appropriate：恰當的、得體的(主要指言行，穿著打扮等符合風俗習慣或道德規范)

Yetis are said to be heavily built and hairy.

據說.(西藏高原的)雪人體格健壯、多毛。

Be said to be 據說是。如He is said to be the second son of a millionaire.

heavily built體格健壯的。這是一個由副詞＋過去分詞構成的結構，具有形容詞的性質，類似的還有heavily guarded(戒備森嚴的)， easily hurt(易受傷害的)， far reached(意義深遠的)等。

The engineers ran after the creature, which ran with amazing speed and strength.

工程師們追趕野人，而野人以驚人的速度和體力逃走。

Run after追趕,不強調動作時也可以用be after。例如：

Who is person that you are after?

單獨表示“以…速度”時，要用介詞at, 如at top speed, at a speed of 75mph。但和其他名詞一起使用時，介詞則視上下文而定。

It could have made its way to other parts of the word and live on until today.

野人后來可能遷徙到世界其他地方并存活至今。

Make one’s way to來到，近意詞組是find one’s way to.例如：

How my wine found its way to your table is a mystery to me.

He made his way through the crowd to the front.

The group should discuss the information found, and decide what to include in the story and what to leave out.

各組應討論找到的信息并決定在故事里包括什么、舍棄什么。

過去分詞found后置作定語，修飾information,去作用相當于定語從句which were found。注意，過去分詞前置和后置有時意思不一樣。例如：

All parties concerned are present.(相關各方都到了)

There is a concerned look on his face.(他臉上露出關切的表情)

【同步練習】

單項選擇

1. . ＿＿＿＿＿you've got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.A. Now that B. After C. Although D. AS soon as

2. I drove to Shanghai for the air show last week.－－Is that ＿＿＿＿＿ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where

3. Robert is said_______ abroad，but I don't know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C．to be studying D．to have been studying

4. －－Do you think the Pacers will beat the Rocket?－－Yes. They have better players, so I＿＿＿＿＿them to win.A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want

5.It's always difficult being in a foreign country, ___________if you don't speak the language.A．specifically B．particularly C．basically D．especially

6. It is the ability to do the job _______matters.A．one B．that C．what D．it

7. My sister met him at the theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _______your lecture.

A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended

C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended

8..He sent me an e-mail, ____to get further information.

A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope

9. The ______boy was last seen _____near the West Lake.

A .missing…playing B. missing… play

C. missed…played D. missed…to play

10. Do you mind if I keep pets in this building?

瞋____

A. I’d rather you didn’t. B. Of course not, it's not allowed here

C．Great! I love pets. D. No , you can’t.

11._______ he has done very well at school.A. So that B. By far C. So far D. Such far

12. I was very nervous sitting on the plane. I _______ before.A. had never flown B. has been flying C. didn't fly D. wasn't flying

13. He suggested that I _____ to hospital for a medical exam, so I considered _____ to see a doctor.A. should go, to go B. go, going C. went, going D. to go, go

14. “Back Street Boy” is very popular among young people. Haven't you _______ it?A. heard of B. heard C. heard from D. listened

15. The fish we caught yesterday soon _____ bad in hot weather.

A. got B. became C. turn D. went

二、用下列單詞或詞組的適當形式填空：

possible, confuse, discount, horror, humour, represent, draw conclusions, leave….empty, imaginative, apply

People who applied for the job are called _________.

You can buy this mystery books at lower prices in a _____ store.

The unclear instructions caused ________ among the students.

We had a good laugh over his ________ performance.

Is there any ________ of your getting to London this week?

His _____ were ______ after careful analysis of the statistics.

A lot of space is ______ ______ in his water -and- ink painting to create a sense of vastness(廣闊)

You have to have a good _______ to be a writer of science fiction.

___________ from every state have gathered in the capital for the assembly.

Yetis and aliens are often seen in _______ movies.

三、完形填空

In the summer of 1977, two Voyager spaceships were 1 two weeks apart. 2 are now leaving the solar 3 . However, they continue 4 history. In January, the NASA (美國國家航空和宇宙航行局)Voyager team observed an anniversary of ten thousand days since the launch of the two spaceships.

NASA scientists say both spacecraft are working and returning 5 information. Both spacecraft are 6 to continue to work and send information back to Earth 7 at least 2020.

NASA scientists say the Voyagers have sent back new information about the effects of the Sun in distant space. These 8 effects 9 by the movement of atoms through space called solar winds.

Explosions(.爆炸) on the surface of the Sun cause solar winds. These explosions release huge 10 of gas into space. An example of information 11 back by the Voyager spacecraft includes observations of a huge explosion that took place in April, 2003. The 12 of that explosion reached Voyager Two in April, 2004.

Two members of this team have worked 13 the program since the launch of the Voyagers. Several college students 14 with the program had not yet been born when the two spacecraft were launched.

During their flight through space, Voyager One and Two have just flew past Jupiter and Saturn. They will provide information that can greatly expand our knowledge of those planets. Since that time scientists 15 for better pictures of the planets’ unusual surface.

1.A. flied B. started C. launched D. fired

2.A. Either B. Both C. Each D. Every

3.A. organization B. project C. world D. system

4.A. to make B. making C. make D. to be made

5.A.worthy B. valuable C. expensive D. dear

6.A.expected B. supposed C. hoped D. waited

7.A.by B. since C. before D. until

8.A.contained B. had C. included D. consisted of

9.A. made B. introduced C. achieved D. caused

10.A. piece B. amount C. deal D. number

11.A.send B. have sent C. sending D. sent

12.A.effects B. affects C. affection D. influence

13.A.at B. for C. in D. on

14.A. work B. working C. worked D. to work

15.A.have waited B. had waited C. will wait D. have been waiting

【參考答案】

一、AAACD, BABAA,CABAD

二、1.applicants 2.discount 3.confusion 4.humourous 5.possibility 6.conclusions, drawn 7.left empty 8imagination 9. Representatives 10. horror

三、CBDAB, ADCDB,DADBD