Unit 1 Good friends
重點(diǎn)句型:
1.One day Chuck is on a flight across the pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天正在一架飛過太平洋的飛機(jī)上，突然飛機(jī)失事了。
when是一個(gè)并列連詞的作用，表示前一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)突然發(fā)生此事。多用于句型：
be doing…when…，be about to do …when…，句中is on a flight等于is flying。例如：
辨析：
1） be doing ... when ...正在做某事，這時(shí)候……；
when conj.( at that time ,and then)
sb. was doing sth. when sth. happened.表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)另一個(gè)動(dòng)作意想不到的發(fā)生了。
I was walking on the street yesterday when I saw an old friend。昨天正在街上走著忽然碰上一個(gè)老朋友。
I was reading a newspaper when the doorbell rang.我正在看報(bào)，這時(shí)門鈴響了。
2）I was about to start when it began to rain . 我正要?jiǎng)由�，就開始下雨了。
We were just about to leave when you telephoned . 我們正要離開時(shí)，你來電話了。
句中的be about to do sth表示“即將做某事”，“馬上就要做某事”，“正要做某事”。
be just about to ... when ...正要做某事，這時(shí)候……
be about to do sth.
= be on th point of doing sth.
= be just going to do sth.
=be on the edge of doing sth.
=be on the way to doing sth.
=be just ready to do sth.表示即可就要發(fā)生（做）事情（不跟將來的具體時(shí)間連用；常和連用）
We are about to attend a meeting我們要參加會(huì)議。
The film is about to begin..電影馬上開演了
I was about to telephone Ann when Ann telephoned me first.我正要給安打電話，就在這時(shí)安先給我打電話。
3）had just done ... when ...剛剛做好某事，這時(shí)候……[表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作剛開始沒多久，這時(shí)另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生了。
I had just finished my homework when my father came in.我剛做完家庭作業(yè)，父親來了。
We had just begun our work when the machine broke down.我們剛剛開始工作，這時(shí)機(jī)器突然出故障。
I hadn’t been asleep for long when the baby began to cry.我沒睡多久，這時(shí)嬰兒開始哭了。
4）My friend Jack came to see me , when I had dinner . 我的朋友杰克來看我，那時(shí)我正在吃晚飯。
Lily was just going to the party when she felt ill.莉剛要去參加晚會(huì)，突然她感到不舒服。
I was just about to start when it began to rain.
I was reading when the light went out.我正在看書，這時(shí)燈突然滅了。
2. In order to survive, Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend - a volleyball he calls Wilson. 為了生存，查克與一個(gè)特殊的朋友建立了友誼，一個(gè)他稱作威爾森的排球。
in order to do…引導(dǎo)目的狀語，意為：為了做某事。否定式：in order not to do例如：
They did anything in order to make money. 為了賺錢他們什么都能做。
I work hard at my lessons in order to enter a key university.
我努力學(xué)習(xí)功課是為了進(jìn)入一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)。
He stepped aside in order for me to pass.他往邊上挪了一下，為的是讓我過去。
We started early so that we could catch the early bus.
=We started early in order that we could catch the early bus.
= We started early in order to catch the early bus.
= We started early so as to catch the early bus.[so as to 不能放在句首]
=In order to catch the early bus, we started early.
=我們早起，為了能趕上早班車。
3)Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his firneds.
引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有so．．．that（如此……以致于），such．．．that（如此……以致于）等。常用句型：
so＋形容詞／副詞＋that從句
such a／an ＋形容詞＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋ that從句
such＋形容詞＋復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞／不可數(shù)名詞＋that從句
so＋形容詞＋a／an＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that從句
1)so…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句常用如下結(jié)構(gòu)：
so+形容詞+that+從句
I was so sleepy that I could hardly keep my eyes open. 我太困了，眼睛實(shí)在睜開了。
so+副詞+that+從句
The foreign visitor spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow him..那位外國客人說得太快，我跟不上他。
so+分詞+that+從句
The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts.這本書的寫法使人對事實(shí)產(chǎn)生誤解。
many
so+ +名詞+that+從句
much
The house cost so much money that we didn't buy it.這房子要價(jià)太高，我們沒買。
He has so little education that he can’t get a job.
【注意】 so除了和many或much連用，后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞外，一般不能和其它形容詞連用來修飾名詞，如不能說so good girls。
so+形容詞+a(an)+單數(shù)名詞+that+從句
It is so easy an exercise that all of us can do it.這個(gè)問題十分容易，我們都會(huì)做。
其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副
詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many，few，much， little連用，形成固定搭配。
so + adj./adv. such + a(n) + adj. + n. 可數(shù)
so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + adj + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) such + adj. + n. (不可數(shù))
so + adj. + n. [不可數(shù)] such + little + n. [不可數(shù)]
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。
so…that與such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。
2)such…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句常用句型：
such a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that+從句
He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.
such+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that+從句
He told us such funny stories that we all laughed．他給我們講了那么多有趣的故事，我們?nèi)脊笮Α?/p>
such+不可數(shù)名詞+that+從句
He made such rapid progress that we admired him.
比較：
He is such a great writer that we like him.[狀語從句]
He is such a great writer as we like. [定于從句]
such(用作代詞)+that+從句
Her diligence was such that he made great progress.
她如此勤奮，因而大有進(jìn)步。
such用法
一、such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，放于不定冠詞a(an)之前，若名詞前有one，no，any，some， all, many等修飾時(shí)，such放在這些修飾詞之后。
He's such a man.他就是這么一個(gè)人。
One such table is enough.這樣的桌子，有一張就夠了。
There is no such thing.沒有這么一回事。
二、such位于句首時(shí)，句子須倒裝，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)其后的名詞決定。
Such is my hope for the future.我對未來的希望就是這樣。
Such were the facts.事實(shí)就是這樣。
三、在such…that…，such…as…句型中，如從句不缺少句子成分，用that引導(dǎo)，表示“如此…以至于”；如從句中缺少句子成分，用as引導(dǎo)，表示“像…一樣的”“像……”。
He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.他的胳臂很長，幾乎能碰到天花板。
She is such a good teacher just as we expect.正如我們所料，她是一位好老師。
四、用于某些短語中，如：such as表示列舉，有“例如、諸如”等意思，as such則是“作為一個(gè)…，本身”等意思，such and such表示“某某，這種那種的”等意思。
I like drinks such as tea and soda.我喜歡諸如茶和汽水之類的飲料。
Wealth, as such doesn't matter much.財(cái)富本身算不了什么。
Such and such results follow from such and such causes.這樣那樣的原因就產(chǎn)生這樣那樣的結(jié)果。
4. Rock music is OK and so is skiing.
I don’t like singing, nor do I like computers.
句式：
肯定句，so + be(have,助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語
否定式，neither/nor + be(have,助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語
“… …也是這樣”三種句型
句型1.”so + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語”(前面的句子為肯定句)前面的句子為否定句
1.前后主語不同，謂語相同，承前省略后面相同的謂語。
He went to the theatre last night. So did I(go to the theatre).她昨晚去看戲了�！拔乙踩チ恕�。
If he goes to visit the Great Wall, so will I (go to visit it).如果她去參觀高壩，我也去。
If you don’t go , nor shall I.
2.前后主語相同，謂語不同，后面謂語不能省略。
She can dance, (and) so can she sing. 她能跳舞，也能唱歌。
句型2.”neither(nor)+ 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語”前面的句子為否定句
1． 前后主語不同，謂語相同，承前省略謂語。
I didn’t see him. Neither(Nor) did she(see him)我沒見到他，他也沒有。
She has never been to America, and neither(nor) have I(been to America).
她從未去過美國，我也沒有。
2． 前后主語相同，謂語不同，后面的謂語不能省。
Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?””你知道吉姆和她弟弟爭吵這件事嗎？”I don’t know, nor do I care. “我不知道，我也不關(guān)心�！�
注意:neither 不完全等于nor。當(dāng)表示三者或三者以上都不時(shí)，只能用。
例如：She can’t speak Russian, nor can I ,nor can you, nor can everyone else.
她不能講俄語，我也不能，你也不能，其他任何人都不能。
句型3 so it is(was) with + …; It is(was) the same with…前面的句子常含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同意義的謂語動(dòng)詞，或前面是兩個(gè)主語不同的并列句。
My brother is a good student and studies hard, so it is with my sister.我弟弟是一個(gè)好學(xué)生，并且努力學(xué)習(xí)，我妹妹也是如此。
5.What should a good friend be like?好朋友應(yīng)該是什么樣的？
like sb. (sth.)
like doing/to do sth.
Like sb. to do sth. 喜歡某人做某事
Which + (n.) + do you like better, A or B?
Which + (n.) +do you like best, A, B or C?
How do you like sth……?
What’s sb. like? 問人品或長相
What’s sth. like?= How is sth.? 問情況，形式
what is the weather like today?=How is the weather today?=What/How about the weather today?
what is it like?詢問對方對有關(guān)人員或事物的評價(jià)或感想，或要求對方描述有關(guān)人或事故的外貌
What do you think of…？
How do you find/like…？
What/how about (one’s ) doing sth.?
What do sb. like …？某人喜歡…？
What do sb. look like…？某人什么樣？
What is he like? He is tall, strong and brave.
What is your teacher like? He is kind but strict.
What’s the TV play like? Wonderful.那部電視劇怎么樣？好極了。
What was it like ? Very strange.那是什么樣呢？非常奇怪。
What’s that kind of radio like?那種收音機(jī)是什么樣的？
It’s a pocket one. Very nice and fine.是袖珍的，美觀又精致。
What’s the young man? 那個(gè)年輕人什么樣的？ He’s tall and handsome. 他高大英俊。
They don’t like the house to be left empty.他們不喜歡讓房子空閑著。
I’d like him to come.我不喜歡他來。
6. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于虛擬語氣中表示責(zé)備的感情色彩，用法如下：
（1） should have done表示“本來應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做”，
shouldn’t have done則表示“本不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。如：
You should have told me about it earlier.
You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents.
You should have told me so before.你以前就該告訴我。
（2） ought to have done也表示“本應(yīng)該……”
ought not to have done則意為“本不應(yīng)該……”。如：
You ought to have told me about it earlier.
You ought not to have said such words to your parents.
7．even if (=even though) 盡管；即使(引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)
We can’t get the work even if we stay up all night.即使我們晚上不睡覺，我們也完不成這項(xiàng)工作。
I’ll do it even if it takes me all the afternoon.這件事即使用一下午，我也得干。
8.lie
1. tell a lie
2. 說謊lie,lied,lied,lying
3. 躺,臥，平放，位于lie, lay, lain,lying
4. 放置,安排，產(chǎn)卵lay, laid, laid laying
5. lie on one’s side側(cè)臥
6. lie one one’s back仰臥
7. lie on one’s face府臥=lie face downwards
8. lie one the bed躺在床上
9. lay one’s hand on one’s shoulder
10. lay the table for one’s supper擺設(shè)餐具吃
11. lay the table擺放餐具（準(zhǔn)備吃飯,可是三餐
12. lay breakfast擺桌子（吃早餐）
13. lay the baby on the bed放
14. lay eggs a new-laid egg一只新下的蛋
15. lay a carpet/pipe鋪設(shè)
16. lay down放下，使躺下，獻(xiàn)出，放棄，鋪設(shè)，規(guī)定
17. lay down one’s office辭職
18. lay down one’s life for the country
19. lay down one’s arms投降
20. lay aside(away,by)藏起，積蓄；留起，保留；放下，放置一旁；放棄，拋棄
21. lay off解雇，休息
9.scare
be scared of對……感到恐懼
be scared at因（聽，看到）……而恐懼
sb. be scared to do sth.害怕做某事[語氣比be afraid of強(qiáng)]
scare sb. to death 嚇的某人要死
Seeing the scaring fire spreading in the building, she was too scared to cry for help.
be afraid of（怕而不愿）
害怕某事所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,表示害怕發(fā)生不愉快的事和意料之外的事
be afraid to do（怕而不敢）害怕某事不敢做做某市有顧慮
be afraid for為擔(dān)心
I am afraid for your health. 我為你的身體擔(dān)心。
be afraid that-clause 常用來表示一種歉意和遺憾，拒絕對方的請求不能為對方效勞
在意思上相當(dāng)于I’m sorry,but…
I’m afraid that I can’t help you. 恐怕我不能幫你。
I’m afraid I’m late.抱歉我遲到了。
10．fire
open fire開火
cease fire�；�
make a fire生火 [教材中無冠詞，但詞典中有]
miss fire（ 槍、炮）不發(fā)火，打不響
strike a fire打火
discover a fire發(fā)現(xiàn)火情
watch the fire圍觀大火
control the fire控制火勢
light(start) a fire點(diǎn)火
hold fire忍著不表態(tài)（或不采取行動(dòng)）
catch fire 著火
begin to burn（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）
fight a fire救火
stand the fire耐火
set fire to = set ^on fire使燃燒，點(diǎn)燃
on fire著火burning（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）
play with fire玩火
escape from the fire逃離火境
be killed(burnt) in the fire被火燒死
be trapped by the fire被火圍困
put out the fire滅火
keep away from fire切勿近火
at the fire在火爐旁
vt. fire a house放火燒屋
fire (up) a cigar點(diǎn)燃雪茄煙
fire pottery燒制陶器
fire workers解雇工人
fire a gun開槍
fire alarm火警
fire engine救火車
fire-fighter消防人員
fire escape安全梯
fire lines火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場警戒線
be trapped by the fire被火圍困
be trapped above the fire被火圍困在上面
be killed in the fire被大火燒死
be burnt in the fire被大火燒掉
put sth. over the fire在火上燒、烤東西
11. care
Care for or care about 1.like or be fond of喜歡 2. be pleased by對……中意 3.be worried aboutfeel trouble or anxiety about對……擔(dān)心 4.have (show,feel )concern for,be concerned about對…關(guān)心關(guān)懷
Care about: consider important;be interested in重視、講究；介意；對……感性趣[‘在乎，在意計(jì)較常用于否定句、疑問句]
He doesn’t care about others.他不關(guān)心別人。
Care for 1.look after,attend to照料,照顧
2.respect,have regard for,look up to,pay attention to尊重,尊敬
3.want,wish,would like愿意
Would you care for a walk? =Would you car to go for a walk?
I don’t care for him to read this letter?我不愿意讓他看著
Care to do = care for喜歡，愿意
Care that-clause=care about 在乎，關(guān)心 I don’t care what you say.你說什么，我不關(guān)心。
Why should I care what he said ?我為什么要計(jì)較他說的話呢？
Take care= be careful take care of =look after with care小心
Take care of =look after
With care= carefully
12．Alone
He doesn’t feel lonely when he is alone.
He likes being alone.
Mr Smith alone knows what happened.
13.An e-mail is less formal than a letter, but there are still a few things to keep in mind.
She is less tall than he.
=She is not so tall as he.
=She is shorter than he.
=He is taller than he.他比她高。
14． Hunt
go hunting
hunt for = look for=search for