高一上知識(shí)歸納（U14）
a. compare vt. , vi.
[搭配] compare A to B . 把A比作B
compare A with B .把A和B比較起來(lái)
(l)Try on both these coats and compare them.把這兩什外套都試穿看看，比較-下。
(2 )I compared the translation with the original. 我把譯文拿來(lái)和原文對(duì)照一番.
(3)Be rudely compared my homemade bread to a lump of rock.
他把我家里做的面包比喻成硬石塊，真是無(wú)禮．
(4)My works doesn't compare with yours. 我的作品不能和你的相比。
(5)Compared with /to her mother, she is tall. 和她的媽媽相比，她算是很高了。
b. know of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。知道有(某人或某事)
(l)I know of the man, but I haven't met him. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那個(gè)人，但沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面。
(2)I don't know the man, but I know of him. 我不認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)人。但我聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他。
c. celebrate vt. 慶祝（節(jié)日等），過(guò)節(jié)
(1)How do you celebrate Christmas? 你們?nèi)绾螒c祝圣誕節(jié)?
(2)Today is her birthday, so we're going to celebrate it.
今天是她的生日，所以我們要慶賀一番。
celebrate的名詞形式為celebration，例如：
We gathered together for the celebration of her birthday.
我們聚在一起慶祝她的生日。
d. dress up盛裝，使打扮
(l)We dressed up for the wedding. 我們?yōu)閰⒓踊槎Y而盛裝打扮。
(2)The mother dressed her baby up. 那位母親將自己的寶寶打扮-番。
e. during prep. 在……期間，在……之間
(1)It rained during the day. 白天下了一整天的雨。
(2)She kept on talking during the meal. 整個(gè)用餐時(shí)間中她講個(gè)不停。
(3)I went swimming in the sea twice during the vacation.
休假期問(wèn)，找到海水浴場(chǎng)游過(guò)兩次泳。
(4)Mr. Scott phoned you during your absence.
你不在時(shí)，斯考特先牛給你們過(guò)電話。
[比較] during 與 for
during與表示“何時(shí)”，的用語(yǔ)連用，for則與表示“時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度”的詞連用．
(1)I was in hospital during June. 我六月間-直住院
(2)1 was in hospital for a month. 我住院一個(gè)月。
（3）He stayed with mc for five days during the summer.
那年夏天他與我一起呆了五天．
During 與 in
表示在某時(shí)間中所發(fā)生的事，during與in都可使用，但有時(shí)要注意比較用法。
(l)We’re going on vacation during/in August. 我們八月份要去度假。
(2)He was injured in the match. 他在比賽中受傷了。
(3)He was on the bench during the match. 他在比賽時(shí)間內(nèi)做替補(bǔ)選手．
f. common adj. 普通的，常見(jiàn)的
* common = shared by two or more people, 意為“共有的”，“公共的”．
work for the common good(為公益工作),
work for the common cause (為共同的事業(yè)而工作)
* common = usual and ordinary, 意為“普通的”'“一般的”'“平常的”．
the common reader (普通讀者),the common people (老百姓)，
a common saying (俗話),a common mistake (常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤)，
the business of common life(日常事務(wù))
in common表示“共同的”, We have many things in common. (我們有許多共同之處.)
(1) The husband is French, the wife is German and the servant is Italian, but
they have English as a common language.
丈夫是法國(guó)人，妻子是德國(guó)人。仆人是意大利人，但他們都說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
(2) Tom’s trouble is very common to boys these days.
湯姆的毛病是目前男孩子們所兒同的．
(3) They have nothing in common (with each other).
他們(互相之間)沒(méi)有共同之處。
[區(qū)別] common, general ,ordinary和usual在意思上有所差異．
(1) Colds are common in winter. 冬天感冒是很普通的。
(2) I use ordinary gasoline. 我用普通汽油．
common 側(cè)重“普通”．表示“時(shí)時(shí)發(fā)生，人所共有”，井含有“并不高貴．地位低下”之意味．其反義詞為rare．
common saying(俗話)．a(chǎn) common wish(一個(gè)共同的愿望)．
general側(cè)重“普遍”之意．表示在大多數(shù)人或事物中流行并受到關(guān)注，不含有“地位低下”之意，其反義詞為specific．
ordinary與common基本同義．均指“普通的”．不是特別的。Common指因許多事物或人所共同具而常見(jiàn)的性質(zhì)；ordinary指由于與一般事物之標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或品質(zhì)相同而普通的性質(zhì)，側(cè)重“平凡的普通的”．表示“隨時(shí)可以碰到．不值得驚奇”，其反義詞是superior．
an ordinary(or a common)event(一件極平常的事)，
an ordinary(or a common)person(一個(gè)普通人)．
usual用來(lái)指事物，意為“通常的，慣常的”，含有“隨集體風(fēng)俗或個(gè)人習(xí)慣而常常發(fā)生”之意，其反義詞為unusual．
如：It's a usual thing with him．(這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是平常事)．
g. believe vt. 相信；認(rèn)為
(1)I believe him (to be) right. 我認(rèn)為他是對(duì)的．
(2)1 believe his report. 我相信他的報(bào)告。
（3）Long ago, people believed (that) the earth was flat.
很久以前，人們相信地球是平的。
[注意]believe接從句，如果所接賓語(yǔ)從句有否定含義時(shí)，通常不否定從句而否定believe，與之相似的還有think，suppose、imagine，expect等.
(1)I don’t believe that he is at home. 我相信他不在家．
(2)He doesn’t believe that she knows the truth, does she?
他認(rèn)為她不知道事實(shí)，是嗎?
[比較] believe 與 believe in
believe表示“相信事物的真實(shí)性或人的誠(chéng)實(shí)”后接名詞，代詞或從句作賓語(yǔ)，也可接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(名詞+不定式)；believe in中的in是介詞，后接名詞或代詞，表示對(duì)某人的信任，對(duì)真理， 主張、宗教的信仰。
(1)I believe him. = I believe what he says. 我相信他的話．
(2)I believe in him. = I believe that he is a good man. 我信任他(為人可靠)。
h. create vt. 創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作，塑造，制造(事端)
（l）God created the world. 上帝創(chuàng)造了世界。
(2)All men are created equal. 人人生而平等。
(3)Shakespeare created many famous characters. 莎士比亞創(chuàng)作了許多有名的人物。
(4)His words created an awkward situation. 他的話引起了尬尷的場(chǎng)面。
i. play tricks on捉弄，戲弄
(1)The children used to play tricks on each other.那些小孩以前常�；ハ嘧脚�。
(2)Don't play tricks on old mere 。別捉弄老年人。
j. take in 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，有很多不同的含義）
(1)Please take the washing in, if it rains. 如果下雨，請(qǐng)把洗好了的衣物收進(jìn)來(lái)。
(2) He took in a deep breath. 他深深地吸了一口氣．
(3)He was homeless, so we took him in. 他無(wú)家可歸，所以我們收留了他。
(4)My mother takes in sewing. 我母親在家承接縫紉工作。
(5)The tour takes in some famous old castles.
這趟觀光旅行包括參觀若干著名的古堡。
(6)I couldn't take in why you are angry. 我無(wú)法理解你為什么生氣。
(7)The salesmen have taken in the old people and made them buy their poor
quality goods. 那些推銷(xiāo)員欺騙老人，讓他們購(gòu)買(mǎi)低品質(zhì)的貨物。
k. prepare
prepare vt. 直接帶賓語(yǔ) (表示在準(zhǔn)備什么)
1. Mother is preparing a meal while we were doing our homework.
我們?cè)谧鲎鳂I(yè)的時(shí)候．?huà)寢屧谧鲲垼?/p>
2. He is preparing his speech for tomorrow's meeting. Don't interrupt him.
他正在準(zhǔn)備明天大會(huì)的演講稿，別去打擾他．
3. The teacher is preparing the students for the coming examination.
老師讓學(xué)生為即將到來(lái)的考試作準(zhǔn)備．
prepare vi. 與介詞 for 搭配, 表示在 "為......作準(zhǔn)備".
4. Will you help me prepare for the evening party?
你能幫我為晚會(huì)作準(zhǔn)備嗎?
5. The farmer are busy preparing for the autumn harvest.
農(nóng)民正忙于準(zhǔn)備秋收．
be prepared to do, be prepared for...表示結(jié)果,表示 "已作了充分的準(zhǔn)備做某事".
6. I'm not prepared (=ready) to listen to your excuse。我不想聽(tīng)你的辯解．
7. He is not prepared (=ready) to accept others' ideas. 他不大愿意接受別人的觀點(diǎn)．
8. The students are well prepared for the sports meeting.
學(xué)生們?yōu)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)作了充分的準(zhǔn)備． (for = to take part in)
9. They were not at all prepared for the bad news.
他們?nèi)f萬(wàn)沒(méi)有料到這個(gè)壞消息．
其它:
10.He is getting prepared (= is preparing) for the exam.
他正在為考試作準(zhǔn)備．
11.He's trying to prepare himself as a basketball player.
他正在為成為一個(gè)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員而努力鍛煉．
l．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, should，ought to, have to
▲ must表示必須” “肯定”，在表示推測(cè)意義的 “肯定”時(shí)，只能用于肯定句．如：
1. You mustn't move someone if they are badly hurt．
如果有人受了重傷，你不可以搬動(dòng)他們。
2． We must get help． 我們必須取得幫助．
3．She must be injured．她肯定受傷了．
▲ should意為應(yīng)該”,‘應(yīng)當(dāng)”，語(yǔ)氣比must稍弱．如:
4. Everyone should know some first aid． 每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)懂得急救知識(shí)．
5．You shouldn't．move if you are badly hurt．如果你受了重傷．就不應(yīng)該移動(dòng)．
▲ “ought to”意為“應(yīng)該”，更強(qiáng)調(diào)責(zé)任、義務(wù)．如：
6. Elder brothers should take care Of their younger brothers and sisters.
兄長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該照顧弟妹．
7． Students ought to attend class on time. 學(xué)生應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)時(shí)去上課．
▲ have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的“必須”。
8．Do you often have to go to the dentist's? 你必須常常去看牙嗎?
9．The children don't have to go to school on Saturday. 孩子們周六不必上學(xué)．
m. get together為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，常用來(lái)指為討論或社交活動(dòng)而進(jìn)行的某種“聚會(huì)”
如：
1． Let's get together one evening and talk about old times.
讓我們找個(gè)晚上聚一聚．談?wù)勍拢?/p>
2． The students of Grade Three got together for an English evening.
三年級(jí)的學(xué)生們聚集在一起開(kāi)了個(gè)英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。
3． It's a long time since I got together with Robert.
我已經(jīng)好久沒(méi)有和羅伯特相聚了。
4．We'd better get together to discuss the students' suggestions. "said the headmaster. 校長(zhǎng)說(shuō)：“我們最好聚會(huì)一下討論學(xué)生們提出的建議”。
5．Teachers in our school often get together to have discussions on how to improve their teaching methods. 我們學(xué)校的老師經(jīng)常聚會(huì)討論怎樣改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法。
6．”How often do you get together?" asked Mr Smith.
史密斯先生問(wèn)：“你們多久聚會(huì)一次?”
7．He has a large family and all the members get together once a year.
他有一個(gè)大家庭，全家人每年團(tuán)聚一次。
8．On New Year's Eve, when all the members get together, my parents are very happy. 除夕之夜，當(dāng)全家人團(tuán)聚在一起的時(shí)候，我的父母親總是非常高興。
9．It was a very cold evening, but the room was warm and bright with all the members getting together, singing and laughing over the dinner.
這是一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚，但屋子里卻明亮而暖和，全家人聚集在一起，邊吃晚飯，邊唱著、笑著。
10．We often miss each other after we part, but when we get together, it seems that we have nothing to say.
我們分別的時(shí)候經(jīng)�；ハ嗨寄睿嗑蹠r(shí)卻又好象無(wú)從說(shuō)起。
▲get together還可作“收集”解釋。如：
11.In the past ten years, Mr Smith got together over two thousand stamps, including Chinese and foreign stamps.
十年以來(lái)，史密斯先生收集了二千多張中外郵票。
12. Quick, Tom, get your things together. We'll start off.
湯姆，快把你的東西收拾好，我們就要出發(fā)了。
13. In a few years, he got together a good record collection.
幾年之間他收集了相當(dāng)數(shù)量的唱片。
14.The little boy got together all kinds of seashells.
這小男孩收集了各種各樣的貝殼。
15. The rebel leader auld not get an army together.
叛軍領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人拉不起一支隊(duì)伍．
16.In the darkness, the soldiers can get their things together in less than one minute. 黑暗中．戰(zhàn)士們健在不到一分鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)把一切收拾好．
▲ get together也可引伸為“取得一致意見(jiàn)”．如：
17. We finally got together on his suggestion.
我們最后就他的建議取得了一致意見(jiàn)．
18. At last the committee got together on its proposals.
委員會(huì)終于就其議題取得了一致意見(jiàn)．
19. Can you get together on raking the plan?
你們能在制訂計(jì)劃上取得一致意見(jiàn)嗎?
20. Having got together on the plan, they started their work separately.
在計(jì)劃上取得一致意見(jiàn)后，他們分頭開(kāi)始工作．
21. They couldn't get together on the plan and quarreled all night.
他們不能在制訂計(jì)劃上取得一致．爭(zhēng)吵了一夜．