一、考點(diǎn)聚焦
1、介詞的分類(lèi)與語(yǔ)法功能
（1）介詞是虛詞，不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，必須與名詞、代詞（或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類(lèi)、短語(yǔ)或從句等）構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。介詞分為：簡(jiǎn)單介詞，如at、in、for等；合成介詞，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短語(yǔ)介詞，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。雙重介詞，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分詞介詞，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。
常見(jiàn)的介詞賓語(yǔ)：名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、從句、不定式等。如：
①I(mǎi)t is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather
forecast.
②He quarrelled with her yesterday.
③He succeeded in passing the final exam.
④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.
⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.
（2）介詞短語(yǔ)在句中可作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)等。如：
①This machine is in good condition.(表語(yǔ))
②Where is the key to my bike?(定語(yǔ))
③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(狀語(yǔ))
④She always thinks herself above others.（賓補(bǔ)）
2、介詞搭配
（1）“動(dòng)詞+介詞”搭配：注意特定搭配與同一介詞與多個(gè)動(dòng)詞搭配意義不同的情況。
①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“奪去、除去”意
義的動(dòng)詞與of 連用)
②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供給”意義的動(dòng)詞與with連用）
③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意義與of、from、into連用）
④介詞 + the + 部位與動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系（=動(dòng)詞 + sb.’s + 部位，可換用）
strike him on the head(“擊，拍，碰，摸”意義與on連用)
catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意義與by連用)
hit the boy in the face（“肚，胸，眼，臉”等人體前部與in連用）
⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止，禁止”意義與from連用)
⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.（“說(shuō)服，建議”意義與into連用）
⑦buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意義與for連用)
⑧tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意義與to連用)
⑨give sth. to sb.（give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意義與to連用）
注意：⑦⑧⑨可換成buy sb.sth.雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。
⑩say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper與“對(duì)象”連用必須用to)不可說(shuō)suggest sb.sth.。
同一動(dòng)詞與不同介詞搭配意義不同。
for（尋找） to sth. of(聽(tīng)說(shuō)) on(拜訪)
look to (眺望) agree with sb. hear call for(需要)
at（看） on sth. from(收到信) in(請(qǐng))
同一介詞與不同動(dòng)詞搭配，意義各異。
reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和……唱（跳），amount to 達(dá)到，加起來(lái)有……，devote to把……貢獻(xiàn)給，drink to為……干杯，object to反對(duì)，look forward to 渴望，come to蘇醒，belong to屬于，search for搜……，ask … for … 尋找，use … for用作，leave for前往，take … for誤以為，call of倡導(dǎo)，wait for等待，care for喜歡，make up for彌補(bǔ)損失，turn to求助（救）于，help oneself to隨意，agree to同意，compare … to把……比作，send for派人去請(qǐng)（拿）……，sail for駛向，航向，set out for動(dòng)身去，go in for愛(ài)好……。
（2）常見(jiàn)“形容詞 + 介詞”搭配。
of擔(dān)心…… about / at sth.
afraid angry
for 替……而擔(dān)心 with sb.
for sth.渴望…… different from與……不同
amxious
about sth. / sb擔(dān)心…… different to … 不關(guān)心……
of討厭 with sb.
tired strict
from/ with因……疲倦 in sth.要求嚴(yán)格
at擅長(zhǎng) with sb.受……歡迎
good for對(duì)……有益 popular in some place流行在……
of sb. to do so友好 for … 因……而流行
with + 名詞或what從句
pleased helpful to對(duì)……有幫助
at + 抽象名詞（聽(tīng) / 看到……而高興）
to sb.為人所知
known for因……而出名 be familiar with熟悉
as作為……出名 be familiar to為……熟知（悉）
sorry for … 替……后悔 disappointed at sth.失望
from缺席
rich in富有…… absent
in離開(kāi)此地去了……
worthy of值得的，glad about sth. for sb.為某人某事高興，far from離……遠(yuǎn)，grateful for sth. to sb.為某事感激某人，free from沒(méi)有……（免除……），proud of(take pride in)自豪，satisfied with (by)滿(mǎn)意，sure of / about確信，fond of喜歡，fit for適合，busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙著干某事，full of充滿(mǎn)，ready for準(zhǔn)備，similar to相似，wrong with不對(duì)；有毛病……
（3）“名詞 + 介詞”要注意習(xí)慣搭配和意義區(qū)分。
the absence of water缺水
the hope of success成功的希望
have a chance of (for) entering college上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)
take pride in them為他們感到驕傲
the key to the question問(wèn)題的答案
a medicine for cough治咳嗽的藥
the ticket for tomorrow明天的票
in Beijing去了北京
his abesence
from Beijing不在北京
to study學(xué)習(xí)方法
the way
of studying maths學(xué)習(xí)教學(xué)的方法
3、核心介詞用法歸納與辨析
（1）表示時(shí)間的介詞in的用法如下。
表示在某一較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)，如世紀(jì)、年、月、季、周等一般用介詞in，
如：in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。
還可以用時(shí)段名詞組成固定短語(yǔ)或詞組。如：in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。但要注意：
①at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night（大夜間）。
②in five days（weeks, months, years）中in意思是“在……以后”。
③in和during表一段時(shí)間內(nèi)兩詞可互用。如：in the night, during the night, in the war, during the war。但略有區(qū)別：當(dāng)接表示“活動(dòng)”的抽象名詞時(shí)多用during，接“活動(dòng)”的動(dòng)名詞及短語(yǔ)時(shí)用in。如：
during the discussion in discussing the problem
during her stay in Hubei in playing basketball
during the course of in digging the tunnel
（2）在具體的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。
on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morning
on Christmas Day(但at Chrismas),on Christmas Eve, on
Children’s Day
on March 8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of Oct.1
early on the morning of Oct.1(區(qū)別：in the late / early morning of Oct.1)
on a rainy night, on warm winter days
(3)表示某一時(shí)刻或某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用at,如小時(shí)、分鐘等。
at breakfast(supper, lunch),at six
at noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)
at the age of 15, at the time of war,但in time of danger/ trouble。
注意：有些時(shí)間名詞前不接介詞。如：
next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years
one、each、any、every、some、all修飾時(shí),一般不用介詞,如some day
one day、yesterday / afternoon,the night before
（4）till、until、to的用法。
①till(until)與持續(xù)動(dòng)詞連用一般用于肯定句中，與短暫動(dòng)詞連用一般用在否定句中。如：
He waited for me till twelve o’clock.
He didn’t get up till(until) 10 a.m.(不可用to).
但注意：在句首出現(xiàn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中一般不用till而用until。如：
Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.
②to表“終結(jié)”時(shí)常用和from連用，但要注意不與from連用時(shí)的意
義。如：from July to September, from six to(till)eight（從……到……為止），但from morning till night（從早到晚），不能用to。from … to常構(gòu)成習(xí)慣搭配，不可換用其他介詞。（A）表持久連續(xù)、傳遞、轉(zhuǎn)移的含義。from time to time(不時(shí)，有時(shí))，from day to day (天天),from hand to hand(不斷傳下去)，from place to place（處處，到處），from side to side(左右搖擺)，from door to door（家家戶(hù)戶(hù)），from house to house（挨家挨戶(hù)），from shop to shop（一個(gè)商店接一個(gè)商店）。(B)表起始終止的全過(guò)程或程度加深、狀態(tài)變化。from beginning to end(從頭到尾，自始至終)（from the beginning to the end of…）;from hand to mouth(僅能糊口)，from bad to worse(越來(lái)越糟)，from head to foot(從頭到腳),
from top to bottom（整個(gè)地，徹底地），from top to toe(全身)，from start to finish（自始至終，從頭到尾）。（C）from one + 名詞 + to another表示“依次”。如from one car to another（順著車(chē)廂依次地）。（D）名詞 + by + 同一單數(shù)名詞，表示“一個(gè)一個(gè)地”，要與from … to短語(yǔ)區(qū)別開(kāi)：one by one 一個(gè)一個(gè)地；little by little(bit)一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地；step by step 一步一步地，逐漸地（但by and by 不久以后）；sentence by sentence逐句地；day by day一天一天地；side by side(with…)(和……)并肩，一起；shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地，齊心協(xié)力；hand in hand 手拉手，緊緊地;face to face面對(duì)面。
（5）in、after、later
①in + 一段時(shí)間：表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)為起點(diǎn)一段時(shí)間之后，與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用；但表示“在……之內(nèi)”時(shí)，用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
②一段時(shí)間 + later(later是副詞)：表示某一具體時(shí)間或某一方面具體時(shí)間算起的一段時(shí)間后。
③after + 一段時(shí)間表示：“在……之后”，用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)；但時(shí)間為點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí)，只能用after,即after + 點(diǎn)時(shí)間，用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
The doctor will be with us in six minutes.
She graduated in 1981,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory.
He received her letter after four weeks.
另外，in + 一段時(shí)間 + ’s + time 與 within + 一段時(shí)間的用法如下：
in a week’s time = in a week
They will arrive in three days’ time.(與將來(lái)時(shí)連用)
My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.（作表語(yǔ)）
I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，不超出，在……之內(nèi))
（6）地點(diǎn)介詞at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。
①at 在較小的場(chǎng)所，in在較大的場(chǎng)所，on在……的平面上。如at the
door、at the airport、at the station、at 55 Park Street、in China、in the north、in Asia、on the desk、on the wall等。
②on、at、in還可以表示兩地相對(duì)位置。若A地屬于B地，用in;A地位于B地的外面且有邊緣銜接用on；無(wú)邊緣的銜接有to。如：
Japan lies to the east of China.(范圍之外)
Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.（范圍之外）
Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province.(毗鄰)
The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距離)
③地點(diǎn)介詞的引申、比喻意義：in the sun在陽(yáng)光下，in the dark(ness)在黑暗中，in the dark不知道，in freezing weather在嚴(yán)寒天氣中，in the mud在泥中，in the earth在地下,in the desert在沙漠中,in a heavy rain 在大雨中，in the snow / wind在雪/風(fēng)中,in public 當(dāng)眾，in trouble 在困境中，get into trouble陷入困境，out of trouble擺脫困難，beyond hope絕望。
④across在物體表面“穿過(guò)”；through則表示在三維空間內(nèi)部“穿過(guò)”。如：
They walked across the playground.
I walked through the forest.
⑤over / under / above / below。
over、above譯作“在……之上”；under、below譯作“在……的下面”，其區(qū)別在于over、under表示一種直接的、垂直的上下關(guān)系；而above、below則表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。如：
A little boat is now under the bridge.
There is a bridge over the river.
The sun sinks below the horizon(地平線(xiàn))
The window is well above the tree.
⑥表示地點(diǎn)介詞的靜態(tài)性和動(dòng)態(tài)性
He walked to the station（靜態(tài)，表示方向和目的地）
He walked towards the station.(動(dòng)態(tài)，只表示方向)
He is kind to (towards)us.（兩者通用）
He is at the station.(靜態(tài)，表示地點(diǎn))
They arrived at the station.(動(dòng)態(tài)，表示地點(diǎn))
He swam away from the ship.(動(dòng)態(tài)“離開(kāi)”)
He stood away from the shop.(靜態(tài)“遠(yuǎn)離”)
He fell onto the floor.(動(dòng)態(tài)“到地面”)
The city is on the Changjiang River.(靜態(tài)“平面”)
Go off the road.偏離了道路（動(dòng)態(tài)“離去”）
Come along the river.沿著河過(guò)來(lái)（線(xiàn)）
across the fields 跨過(guò)田野……，over the desert跨越沙漠
across the river橫跨這條河……，over the hill翻過(guò)這座山
be in the house(靜態(tài)，在這里……)stay out of the car(靜態(tài)，在……外)
go into the house(動(dòng)態(tài)，進(jìn)入)fly out of the country(動(dòng)態(tài)，離開(kāi))
（7）表示方式、手段、工具的介詞
①by the year/hour/day按年/小時(shí)/天。如He rent a house by the year(day,hour).(按by+the+單位名稱(chēng))但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按噸計(jì)。
②表泛指的方式、手段
by post/mail郵寄，by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(電訊器材)，by electricity用電，by machinery用電器，by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescop
③交通工具類(lèi)
by bus/train/car/taxi(road)
by bike/bicycle,on horse back/on foot
by plane/jet/spaceship,by air
by ship/boat/lifeboat,by sea/by water
另外：by means of 用……方法，by way of 經(jīng)由，取道于，用……方法，with the help (permission)of sb./with sb.’s help (permis-
sion)。
④表方式、手段的其他用法
He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具機(jī)器)
One smells with his nose.(with+人體器官，但by hand“手工，用手”)
He stood up with pride.(with+情緒、情感、態(tài)度的名詞)
注意：使用語(yǔ)言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如：in high (good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise,in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意)
（8）表示“除……之外”的幾組常用介紹比較。
①besides 除……以外，（還有）。作副詞時(shí)意思是“而且，更何況”。
Well all went to the cinema besides Shaw.除了肖外，我們都去了電影院。
It was too late to see a film, and besides, I was tired.
②except除去，除……之外（不再有）。
We all went except John.我們都去了，約翰沒(méi)有。
在否定句中，兩詞可以換用，如：
He has no other hats except / besides this one.
③except for除了……（對(duì)句子主題進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)校正或附加說(shuō)明）后接名詞、代詞或what從句，此時(shí)與except that + 句子意思相同。
He was very clever except for carelessness.
④except that … 除了……一點(diǎn)以外。
He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.
⑤but與except
but和except在表示“除了……以外”時(shí)可以通用，但應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)：
①前面有不定人詞、疑問(wèn)代詞在意義上對(duì)稱(chēng)時(shí)，多用but。
All but one are here.
Nobody but I likes making model ships.
②后接不定式短語(yǔ)為排除對(duì)象時(shí)，多用but。
He has nothing to do but wait.（前有do,后省to）
③but與一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)連用。
have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……，but for … 如不是……
（9）between與among.
between通常指兩者之間。也可以用于三者以上的兩者之間。如：
Ann is between Tom and Bill.
Switzer land lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.
They soon finished the work between themselves.(共同，合作)
She was busy between cooking, washing, sewing and looking after the baby.(表示接連不斷地，一個(gè)接一個(gè)地忙這忙那)
A horse can be seen between trees now.
among表示三者以上之間。如：
The story is said to have happened in a village among the hills.
He was happy to be among friends again.
We must agree among ourselves.(一起，共同)我們必須達(dá)成共識(shí)。
London is among the largest cities.( = one of與最高級(jí)連用)
（10）表原因的介詞for、because of、due to。
He didn’t come to the meeting because of his illness.
The reason for his coming late is that he was ill.
He was praised for his bravery and courage.
The accident is due to your careless driving.
(11)不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的for、of。
這里所說(shuō)的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)形式指的是for 或of加上人或事，作動(dòng)詞不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。
①I(mǎi)t is clever of you to answer it like that.
②It is quite hard for me to explain why.
注意：兩句中的of和for的使用，表語(yǔ)形容詞能夠說(shuō)明不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征與面貌時(shí)用of,如果說(shuō)明不定式行為本身的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等則用for。
（12）兼作連詞和副詞的介詞。
①after、since、till / still、before這些詞既是介詞，又是連詞。
The children went home at once after school.
They went to bed after they had finished the job.
②in、on、along、down、up、after、before、along、beyond等介詞可兼作副詞。
He ran down the hill.（介詞）
Can you lift that box down from the shelf for me ?(副詞)
③有的介詞可以兼作連詞和副詞。
All the students got to school before me.(before為介詞)
We do want to buy something now before prices go up.(連詞)
Haven’t I seen you before?(before為副詞)
（13）介詞的省略。
①表示時(shí)間的介詞on、at 、in的省略。在next、last、yesterday、tomorrow、each、one、any、every、all等詞之前，可以省略，也可以不省略。如（at）last weekend、（on）that day等。
②介詞for表示時(shí)間的省略要求。（A）以all開(kāi)頭的名詞短語(yǔ)，for要省略。如：I stayed with her all he morning.（B）表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)之前，for可以省略，也可以不省略。如：I have been waiting hereI (for) more than three hours.（C）否定句中，表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)前的for不能省略。如：I haven’t seen you for thirty years.(D)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)在主句之前，for不能省略。如：For the whole morning,the old man kept reading.
③某些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)之后的介詞可以省略。
Nothing can prevent me(from)doing the job.
She spent nearly two hours(in)translating it.
（14）某些名詞與介詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配。
①要求接to的名詞有：key、answer、visit、entrance、apology、introduction、road等。
②要求接in 的名詞有：interest、satisfaction、expert等。
He is expert in teaching small children.
(15)幾個(gè)常用的并列連詞。
①both … and, either … or, neither … nor
both … and“雙方都”，連接句子的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。either … or與neither … nor注意采取“就近原則”。
②not only … but also, as well as
注意：兩者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象不同，not only … but also強(qiáng)調(diào)的是but also之后部分，而as well as則強(qiáng)調(diào)其前面的部分。not only … but also采取“就近原則”，而as well as只是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，采取“就遠(yuǎn)原則”。如：
Mr.Smith, as well as his wife and children, has come to Nanjing for a visit.
not only … but also結(jié)構(gòu)中的not only可用于句首，連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，第一個(gè)從句主謂要倒裝。
Not only is he clever ,but also he is hard working.
（16）幾個(gè)常用的從屬連詞。
①when、while、as都表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，when引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)詞可同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可先后發(fā)生；as、while引導(dǎo)的從句則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：
When I go to the station, the train had already left.
He sang merrily as he was working.
②till、until均表示“到……時(shí)候止”，肯定句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作。如：I worked till late at night.若主句謂語(yǔ)是終止性動(dòng)詞，則主句要用否定形式，意為動(dòng)作“到……才……”開(kāi)始發(fā)生。如：
She didn’t get up until her mother came in.
注意：till和until通常情況下可以互換，只是在句首時(shí)until比till更常用。
③though、although均引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“雖然……”，although較正式，though最常用。如：
Thouth (Although)he was tired,he kept on working.
注意：though、although引導(dǎo)的從句不能與but、however連用，但可以與yet、still連用。though還可以與別的詞結(jié)合使用，如even though、
as though,而although則不能這樣搭配。
④no sooner … than、hardly … when、as soon as三者都表示“一……就”，“剛剛……就”的意思。（A）as soon as 置于主句前后都可以，而且有備各種時(shí)態(tài)。如：As soon as she gets here I’ll tell her about
it. Mary left as soon as the finished the work.(B)hardly … when、no sooner … than不能表示將來(lái)的事，其主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去時(shí)。若將hardly或no sooner放在句首，句子要倒裝。如：No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
⑤某些表示時(shí)間的名詞（詞組）也可用作從屬連詞。它們是：the moment, the minute,the instant, the day, the time, the first(second, third …)time, the spring (summer, autumn,winter),every(each,next,
any) time(day),by the time,都可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：
His mother died the spring he returned.
Call me up the minute he arrives.
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1. The home improvements have taken what little there is _________my spare time.(NMET 2001)
A.from B.in C.of D.at
解析：答案為C。本題考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞of的有法。what引導(dǎo)的從句作謂語(yǔ)have taken的賓語(yǔ)，而從句中的基本句型為“there is little of …”,表示“……有很少”，what 修飾little提到了從句句首。注意正確把握句子結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞用法，要明白o(hù)f my spare time和in my spare time的區(qū)別。
2. ____________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(NMET 2000)
A.As B.For C.With D.Through
解析：答案為C。本題考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)的用法。“with + 名詞 + 不定式/分詞/名詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)等”可在句中作伴隨、時(shí)間、原因、條件等狀語(yǔ)。本題中with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
3. The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, ___________they will save us money in the long run.（2000春季高考題）
A.or B.since C.for D.but
解析：答案為D。本題考查并列連詞or、for、but和從屬連詞的意義和用法。并列連詞or通常表示選擇關(guān)系；for表示因果關(guān)系；but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；從屬連詞since表示原因。通過(guò)比較前后兩個(gè)分句意思可知，它們是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
4. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ________.
A.on B.up C.above D.by
解析：答案為A。不定式“to stand + 介詞”作定語(yǔ)修飾a tall box,其中被修飾詞在邏輯意義上是不及物動(dòng)詞，只有加上吊尾介詞，句子意思才完整。吊尾介詞往往由于受到漢語(yǔ)的影響而缺少，吊尾介詞使用的場(chǎng)合有：
（1）定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞被一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞所修飾，不及物動(dòng)詞后要接介詞，先行詞被“動(dòng)詞 + 介詞”組成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所修飾，介詞常在句尾。
He is the man I just spoke to.
(2)what、whose、who、whatever等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)吊尾介詞。
I can’t imagine what it is like.
(3) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，特殊疑問(wèn)句中由于被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分和疑問(wèn)詞位置變更，常出現(xiàn)吊尾介詞。
It was the poor boy that we gave the books to.
What for? Where to? Who with?
(4)不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式修飾表“涉及對(duì)象、場(chǎng)合、工具、方式、材料”等意義的名詞時(shí)常帶吊尾介詞。
a room to live in, a bench to sit on
There is nothing to worry about.
She is a good girl to work with.
(5)某些形容詞后接不定式或“動(dòng)詞 + 介詞”型短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介詞。
①fit、easy、hard、comfortable、difficult、heavy等形容詞后。
②The river is good to swim in.
The box is too heavy to carry.
③be worth doing sth.,be worthy of being done / to be done, want/
require / need doing
三、專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練
1. A group of students stood_______the memorial_______the people’s heroes.
A.in the front of;to B.in front of;to
C.in front of;of D.in the front;of
2. -Where is the post office?
-You can find it_______2336 Fire Road.
A.on B.in C.near D.at
3. He went to Beijing_______.
A.by the car B.in car
C.in the black car D.by the black car
4. He is_______the best football players in the world.
A.among B.between C.in D.of
5. They are staying with us_______the time being until they find a place of their own.
A.during B.for C.in D.since
6. We can see a lot of people doing exercises in the parks even_______a cold morning.
A.during B.in C.within D.on
7. _______one time,she misunderstood us.
A.On B.By C.At D.To
8. Your mother will be back_______a few minutes,but your father will be back_______ten o’clock.
A.after;after B.in;in C.in;after D.after;in
9. Tell your brother to come_______because it’s going to rain_______a minute or two.
A.outdoors;after B.indoors;in
C.indoor;within D.outdoor;in
10. Clothes do not make the man.We should not judge a man_______he wears.
A.through clothes B.through clothing
C.by clothing D.by the clothes
11. _______he likes Margret but she is very proud.
A.In this way B.In the way
C.In a way D.This way
12. The train is running_______the speed of 60 miles per hour.
A.with B.in B.for D.at
13. What did you do to help them_______the difficulty?
A.out from B.out of C.through D.out off
14. Did you have any trouble_______the post office?
A.to have found B.with finding
C.to find D.in finding
15. He is running_______the wind towards the east of the station_______Tom running_______the right.
A.down;and;on B.against;with;on
C.for;with;in D.with;while;to
16. In Hangzhou Mr.Green was so struck_______the beauty of nature that he stayed_______another night.
A.by;for B.with;at C.at;on D.for;in
17. My uncle lives_______105 Huanghe Street.His room is_______the fifth floor.
A.to;at B.on;in C.at;on D.of;to
18. The old man died_______cold_______a cold night.
A.from;at B.of;in C.for;during D.of;on
19. Does John know any other languages_______French?
A.except B.but C.besides D.beside
20. Something must be done to prevent our city_______by thick smoke.
A.from being polluted B.from polluting
C.to be polluted D.polluting
21. We offered him our congratulations_______his passing the college entrance exams.
A.at B.on C.for D.of
22. The train leaves_______6:00p.m.So I have to be at the station_______5:40p.m.at the latest.
A.at;until B.for;after C.at;by D.before;around
23. One_______five will have the chance to join in the game.
A.within B.among C.from D.in
24. My son has changed much_______in the past three years.
A.in B.at C.since D.for
25. I need some paper to write_______.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
26. Early_______the morning of May 1,we started off_______the mountain village.
A.on;for B.on;不填C.in;for D.in;to
27. Dressed_______red,she looks more beautiful than ever.
A.for B.on C.with D.in
28. Before the boy’s body the soldiers_______silence.
A.in B.on C.at D.under
29. We know nothing about him_______that his son joined in the army.
A.beside B.for C.except D.besides
30. Many story books are translated_______French.
A.with B.by C.from D.for
31. Could you please join us_______working out the maths problem?
A.on B.in C.at D.with
32. Your speech is excellent_______some small mistakes.
A.besides B.except C.except that D.except for
33. It is quite cold today_______June.
A.for B.in C.at D.on
34. Father bought the book for me_______15 yuan.
A.at B.about C.for D.of
35. We’ll have a ball_______New Year’s Eve.
A.in B.on C.at D.by
36. The enemy got beaten and fled_______all directions.
A.to B.toward C.for D.in
37. You should write_______pencil,that is,_______a pencil.
A.in;with B.with;with C.in;in D.with;in
38. That depends much_______how we look at it.
A.at B.by C.with D.on
39. They kept_______touch_______each other by writing.
A.it;to B.on;with C.in;with D.on;to
40. I wonder why you_______making the same mistake.
A.keep up with B.go on with C.keep on D.catch up with
41. My father never quarrels_______my mother_______small things.
A.about;about B.about;with C.with;with D.with;about
42. My uncle is very good_______me,but he is strict_______me too and always tells me to be strict_______my study.
A.to;with;in B.for;with;at C.for;in;with D.to;for;at
43. Out-of-door exercises are always good_______one’s health.
A.to B.for C.in D.at
44. I don’t think he is fit_______the position he holds.
A.to B.for C.in D.from
45. She is very worried_______your health.
A.of B.about C.with D.by
46. He is known_______everybody in our city.
A.by B.for C.to D.about
47. She is anxious_______her husband’s safety.
A.about B.with C.to D.in
48. They are_______the same size,though_______different colours.
A.of;with B.in;in C.to;in D.of;of
49. Weather changes_______the seasons.
A.to B.during C.on D.with
50. I don’t like the man who kept on talking to me,but I couldn’t_______him.
A.get away from B.get rid of C.get along with D.get to know
參考答案
1-10 BDCAB DCCBD 11-20 CDBDB ACDCA 21-30 BCDAB CDACC
31-40 BDACB DADCC 41-50 DABBB CADDA