舒文烈
Ⅰ、構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) + have/has +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其它
Ⅱ、用法：1、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果（而且這一結(jié)果還存在）。常與already,
just, never, ever (放在句中：即have/has 之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前)，before,
yet（放在句末）等連用。例如：
⑴、I have already had breakfast.
⑵、Have you ever milked a cow?
⑶、I haven’t finished my homework yet.
⑷、She has just arrived.
⑸、I have never heard of that before.
2、表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：for
+ 時(shí)間段；since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)或since + 句子：
⑴、We have studied English for over 2 years.
⑵、We have studied English since 2002.
⑶、Tom has lived here since he moved to our village.
Ⅲ、特別注意：㈠、只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才能和表一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：be, have,
know, live, work, study, learn, teach, speak, talk, draw, wait, wear, walk,
sleep等。例如：
⑴、I have worked here for 3 years/since 3 years ago.
⑵、He has known the singer since 5 months ago/for 5 months.
⑶、They have lived here since 1990/for 14 years.
㈡、短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和表一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：come, go, arrive, reach, see,
hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, close, fall, join, die, get
up等。但如果要保留表一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，必須將動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：
短暫性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 短暫性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill) get to know know
begin, start be on open be open
buy have get up be up
die be dead go out be out
arrive, come be here, be in join be in, be a +名詞
finish, end be over leave, move be away, be out of
borrow keep
Exercises: 根據(jù)上句寫同義句：
1. She died two years ago.
= She has ________ __________ for 2 years.
= It is two years since she _______.
2. He borrowed a book 3 days ago.
= He _________ _________ a book for 3 years.
= It’s 3 days since he _________ a book.。
3. I bought a pen five days ago. = I _________ _________ a pen for 5 days.
4. My brother joined the army one year ago.
= My brother ________ _________ a soldier since one year ago.
= My brother ________ ________ in the army for 1 year.
= It ______ one year since my brother _________ the army.
5. My shop opened 3 days . = My shop ________ _________ _________ for 3 days.
6. He came back a week ago.
= He _______ ________ _________ for a week.
= It ________ a week since he _______ back.
7. She left here 2 days ago. = She _______ ________ _______ for 2 days.
8. She arrived 2 days ago. = She _______ ________ ________ for 2 days.
㈢、短暫性動(dòng)詞在否定句可與表一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
I haven’t seen him since 1997.
She hasn’t left home all his life.
㈣、對(duì)一段時(shí)間提問(wèn)用how long.如：
I have lived here for 20 years. = _______ ________ have you lived here?
㈤、have/has been to 〔到（去）過(guò)某地〕與have/has gone to 〔到某地去了〕
Where is Jim? He ________ ________ _________ Beijing.
Where ________ you _________? I ________ ________ ________ Wuhan.
Where ________ she ________ ? She ________ ________ ________ Shanghai?
Translate the following sentences into Chinese
1、 他來(lái)這兒五天了。
2、 電影放映十分鐘了。
3、 他曾三次到過(guò)北京。
4、 我從沒(méi)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。
5、 我借這本書兩星期了。
6、 他們離開(kāi)武漢四天了。
7、 他到哪兒去了？ 到深圳去了。
8、 我父親入黨(the Party)十年了。
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