Ⅰ.Teaching Goals:
1.Learn to describe people.
2.Talk about the reason why we admire famous women.
3.Study the rules of Subject-Verb Agreement.
4.Write a fan letter.
Ⅱ.Teaching Time:
Five periods
Ⅲ.Background Information:
1.Madame Curie
Marie was born in Poland in 1867.She was given the name Marie Sklodowska by her parents.Her father was a teacher.Everyone soon saw that Marie had a quick mind.
Marie's mother died when her youngest daughter was only ten.This made Marie know that she must work hard at her lessons if she wanted to be successful in her life.So she did and won top honors at her school.Marie and her elder sister,Bronya,dreamed of studying in France.But their father did not have enough money to send them there.Then Marie made out a plan:She would teach at home and send her money to Bronya.After her sister finished studying in Paris,she could get work and send Marie the money to study there in return.With tears in their eyes the girls said goodbye to each other,and Marie worked very hard for six years to pay for her sister's studies.At last it was Marie's turn,but by the time she got to France,her sister was married and could not give her much help.
Again Marie worked,she studied in a small room without heat or light.She lived on bread and tea most of the time,but what she cared of most was her science-her study and her research work.This was her world,and she liked her experiment most.
In Paris she met and married Pierre Curie,a young famous scientist.Together they made their experiments in an old house.The Curies were awarded the Nobel Prize for their great contribution to science.In 1911 Madame Curie received another Nobel Prize.It is the only time in history that two Nobel Prizes have been given to the same person,and this person was a woman.
Marie Curie,an extraordinary woman scientist with extraordinary success discovered a hidden power from which the world benefits much.It was this same power,however,that killed her in 1934.
2.Helen Keller
Helen Keller was born in America in June,1880.Everything was all right when she was born.But when she was nineteen months old,an attack of fever left her blind and deaf for the rest of her life.She became blind so young that as she grew older,she did not remember being able to see;and she became deaf before she had any idea of the importance of human speech.She lived in darkness and silence.
As she grew older,she,too,wanted to express her ideas and feelings.But she realized that she was cut off from others.
Her parents were greatly worried.How could anyone get in touch with Helen's mind and intelligence in darkness and silence without speech?Helen was nearly seven before a teacher was found.Her name was Miss Sullivan.
Miss Sullivan had a lot of difficulties in teaching Helen Keller.As the child could neither see nor hear,she had to use manual alphabet.But Helen's energy and intelligence and strong spirit,combined with Miss Sullivan's skill and patience,overcame all the difficulties.As Helen grew up,she became an able student,passed examinations and finally took a university degree in English literature.She then devoted all herself to helping the blind and the deaf.Her personal success,together with the work she has done for others,made her one of the greatest women in modern times.She wrote many books and “The Story of My Life” is a remarkable one.
The First Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the following:
inspire generous cheerful mean warm-hearted cold-hearted tense miserable dishonest
2.Train the students' listening ability.
3.Improve the students' speaking ability by talking and discussing in pairs or groups.
4.Make the students know the fact that they will succeed as long as they work hard.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Train the students' listening ability.
2.Master some words describing people and use them correctly.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.How to improve the students' listening ability.
2.How to carry out the task of speaking.
Teaching Methods:
1.Listening-and-answering activity to help the students go through with the listening material.
2.Individual,pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.a tape recorder
2.a projector and some slides
3.some pictures
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ. Greetings and Lead-in
T:Good morning/afternoon,everyone.
Ss:Good morning/afternoon,teacher.
T:Sit down,please.In March,there is an important international festival.Do you know what festival it is?
Ss:Yes.It's Women's Day.
T:Very good.
Step Ⅱ.Warming up
T:Now we're going to talk about some famous women in the world.Open your books and turn to Page 22.Please look at the pictures.Talk about them in groups of four.You're given three minutes to discuss them.After that,I'll ask some students to talk about them.Is that clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Please begin.
(Teacher goes into the students and joins them in their discussion.)
T:(Three minutes later.)Are you ready?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Who'd like to talk about the first picture?
S1:I'd like to have a try.The woman in the first picture is Song Qingling,who is one of the greatest women in China.She made great contributions to opposing the war of aggression and defending the peace of the world.
T:Well done.Anything else?
S2：She stuck to the revolutionary views of Sun Zhongshan and she is also a great patriot and internationalist.
T:Very good.Let's talk about Picture 2.Can you try,Li Ming?
S3:Yes.Madame Curie is a great scientist of physics and chemistry,who is the first woman to receive two Nobel Prizes in the world.She is known for discovering radium.
T:Quite right.Sit down,please.What else do you know about her?
S4:She is also a great woman of great determination and courage.Though her husband Pierre died in a road accident,she still went on working.And she is willing to share her knowledge,her interest in women's rights.
T:Wonderful.Sit down,please.The third picture.Any volunteer?
S5:I'll try.The picture is about a famous American writer.She is a legendary figure,who was born in America.She lived in China for about 30 years.She loves the Chinese people and its culture.
T:You're right.Anything else?
Ss:No.
T:Pearl S.Buck wrote many novels set in China,for example,“The Good Earth”.She received the Nobel Prize for Art.She played an important part in connecting the civilization between the East and the West.Is that clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Let's look at the fourth picture.Wang Kai,can you try?
S6:Sorry,I don't know.
T:It doesn't matter.Sit down,please.The woman called Mother Teresa is a Christian.She won the Nobel Prize for Peace,and was loved and worshipped in India.She was given the highest honour as Gandi by the government of India.If you're interested in her,you can serf the Internet.
T:Well,let's look at the screen.Discuss the following questions in small groups.(Teacher shows the screen.)
1.Do you know a woman who really inspires you?Describe her and explain why you admire her.
2.It has often been said that life is difficult as it is.For women it sometimes seems twice as difficult.Is it more difficult for women to become famous or get jobs in high positions?What do you think?
Now you're given a few minutes to discuss.After a while,I'll ask some of you to report your answers.Do you understand?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.You can begin.(A few minutes later)Well.Who can answer the first question?
S7:Deng Yaping has been inspiring me.She is a famous pingpang champion in the world.Although she isn't tall,she has the first-class skills and a strong will.She is loved by all people.
T:Very good.What about you,Li Jun?
S8:Li Suli is a woman who really inspires me.She is an ordinary ticket seller,who loves her job and makes great contributions at her ordinary post.She has been given the title of National Model Worker.
T:Well done.Let's look at the second question.Who can try?
S9:I'll try.Yes,it is more difficult for women to become famous or get jobs in high positions.Because in the modern society,the real equality between men and women hasn't completely come true.
T:Quite right.As you know,it is more difficult for women to become famous,but there are still many successful women in the world.So we'll succeed so long as we work hard.Is that true?
Ss:Yes.
Step Ⅲ.Listening
T:Now,let's do some listening.First,read the requirement in Part 1.Then listen to the tape carefully and write down your answers to the questions.(After the students read,the teacher says the following.)Do you know the meaning of the fourth question:What's become of her?
Ss:No.
T:The sentence“What's become of her?”means“What's happened to her?”Is that clear?
Ss:Yes.
(Teacher plays the tape for the students to listen for the first time to get the general idea,and then answer the questions.If the students have any difficulty,the teacher plays it again.At last,the teacher checks the answers.)
T:Next,let's do Part 2.(Teacher gives the students one minute to go through with the requirement in Part 2 and do it in the same way.)
Step Ⅳ.Speaking
T:Now,look at the three pictures on the screen.(Teacher shows the screen.)What kind of people do you think they are?Try to tell us something about their qualities.The words on the Bb may help you.(Write the new words on the Bb.)Do it by yourself first,and then exchange your opinions.Do you understand?
Ss:Yes.
T:(After a few minutes.)Let's look at Picture 1.What kind of person do you think she is?Any volunteer?OK.Li Xia,please.
S10:I think she is very hard-working.She must be very kind,friendly and honest.Judging from her clothes,she is a little conservative,but she is fond of her work.
T:Very good.Picture 2.Who'd like to try?
S11:I guess she is a modern woman,who is very smart,fashionable and cheerful.She loves life and work,and she is also a very healthy and lively professional woman.She is popular with young people.
T:Well done.The third picture.Who will try?
S12:I'll try.I believe the woman is very kind,warm and generous.She loves her family and child,but she is traditional.
T:Good.Sit down,please.
Step Ⅴ.Guessing game
T:Now let's play a guessing game.This game is played in groups of four.One in the group can first think of a famous woman,then write the name on a piece of paper.Fold it so that it can not be seen.The others in the group try to guess who she is.The person who writes down the name only answers“yes”or“no”.If the answer is“yes”,the student can ask more questions.If the answer is“no”,another student gets a chance to ask questions.Keep asking questions until you know who it is.First,I'll give you an example.Please look at the screen.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
Example:B:Is she Chinese?
A:Yes,she is.
B:Is she a famous singer?
A:No,she isn't.
C:Is she a famous actress?
A:No,she isn't.
D:Is she good at sports?
A:Yes,she is.
D:Has she ever been a world champion?
A:Yes,she has.
D:Does she play table tennis?
A:Yes,she does.
D:Is she tall?
A:No,she isn't.
B:Is her name Deng Yaping?
A:Yes,it is.
T:Then who'd like to act out the dialogue on the screen?
(Four students stand up and act out the dialogue.)
T:Thank you for your wonderful performances.Sit down,please.Now,you can begin.After a while,I'll ask some groups to act out your dialogues before the class.
(Teacher goes among the students while the students are playing the guessing game.)
T:(After a while.)Which group would like to act out your dialogue?
Ss:We'd like to.
…
Suggested answers:
Game 1.
B:Is she alive?
A:No,she isn't.
C:Is she Chinese?
A:Yes,she is.
C:Is she an actress?
A:No,she isn't.
D:Is she a writer?
A:Yes,she is.
D:Is she a modern writer?
A:Yes,she is.
D:Have we learnt her works?
A:Yes,we have.
D:Is her name Bing Xin?
A:Yes,it is.
Game 2.
B:Is she Chinese?
A:Yes,she is.
B:Is she good at sports?
A:No,she isn't.
C:Is she an actress?
A:Yes,she is.
C:Has she played a part in the film?
A:Yes,she has.
C:Has she played a role on TV?
A:Yes,she has.
C:Is she married?
A:No,she isn't.
D:Does she sing?
A:Yes,she does.
D:Does she have big eyes?
A:Yes,she does.
D:Is she Zhao Wei?
A:Yes,she is.
Step Ⅵ.Summary and Homework
T:Today we've done some listening and speaking,and we have also learnt something about some famous women in the world.If you're interested in the subject,you can serf the Internet to get some information about famous women and play a guessing game with your partner.From what we've learnt,we can understand that if we want to succeed,we must work hard,just as Madame Curie says:“Life is not easy for any of us.We must work,and above all we must believe in ourselves.We must believe that each of us is able to do something well and that,when we discover what this something is,we must work hard at it until we succeed.”(Write them on the Bb.)Besides,you should preview the reading text.Well,so much for today.Class is over.
Step Ⅶ.The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 17 Famous women
The First Period
I.Words
Positive:strong smart honest friendly warm kind cheerful popular generous hard-working
Negative:weak stupid lazy dishonest mean tense cold-hearted unkind unfriendly miserable
Ⅱ.Life is not easy for any of us.We must work hard,and above all we must believe in ourselves.We must believe that each of us is able to do something well,and that,when we discover what this something is,we must work hard at it until we succeed.
--Marie Curie
Step Ⅷ.Record after Teaching
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
The Second Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Train the students' reading ability.
2.Learn and master the following words and phrases:
1)Words:mile Antarctic stormy threaten optimistic somehow shelter regret extreme climate value
2)Phrases:struggle through threaten to do sth. lie down be thankful for in good health struggle to one's feet make a decision
Teaching Important Points:
1.Improve the students' reading ability.
2.Enable the student to understand the text better.
3.Let the students have strong wills and determination by reading the passage.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.How to improve the students' reading ability.
2.The use of some useful expressions.
Teaching Methods:
1.Discussion before reading to make the students be interested in what they learn in class.
2.Fast reading to get the general idea of the text.
3.Careful reading to answer some detailed questions.
4.Individual,pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.a map of the world
2.a tape recorder
3.a projector and some slides
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ. Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ. Revision
T:Yesterday we learned some new words describing people's qualities.Can you make sentences with those words?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.One word,one sentence.Who can try first?
S1:generous He is generous with his money.
S2:cheerful He came into the classroom with a cheerful look.
S3:mean He is mean over money matters.
S4:warm-hearted The woman is a warm-hearted person,who often helps others.
S5:cold-hearted The man is very cold-hearted,who is unwilling to help other people.
S6:tense It was a tense game.
S7:miserable In the old days,they lived a miserable life.
S8:dishonest The boy is dishonest,who often tells lies.
T:Well done.
Step Ⅲ. Pre-reading
T:(Teacher hangs a map of the world on the blackboard.)Now,look at the map of the world.Discuss the questions on the screen with your partner.You're given five minutes to have a discussion.After that,I'll ask some of you to report the results of your discussion.OK?
Ss:OK.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
1.Imagine you are travelling alone to the South Pole,what will you take with you?Why?
2.Do you know the names of three countries that are part of the North Pole?What about the South Pole?
3.Which animals live on the North Pole?And which on the South Pole?
4.Why do polar bears never eat penguins?
T:(Five minutes later.)Have you finished?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Who'd like to answer the first question?
S9:I'd like to.I'll take warm clothes,good shoes,a good map,food and a cellphone.Because it is very cold there,wearing warm clothes is necessary to keep warm.A good map is helpful for me to tell the directions.A cellphone can help me stay in touch with my family and friends.
T:Very good.Do you agree with him/her?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Let's go on.The second question,who can try?
S10:I'll try.I know which countries are part of the North Pole.They are:Norway,Sweden,Finland.There is no country which is a part of the South Pole.
T:You're right.Sit down,please.The third question?
S11:There are polar bears.Arctic foxes and whales living on the North Pole.Penguins,dolphins,sea lions and seals live on the South Pole.
T:Quite right.The last question.Can you try,Wang Li?
S12:Yes.Polar bears live on the North Pole,while penguins live on the South Pole,so they never meet each other.
T:Well done.Sit down,please.
Step Ⅳ. Fast-reading
T:Today we're going to read a text about an expedition.It's about Helen Thayer's expedition to the South Pole,Who is a very brave woman.Before we read it,let's deal with the new words in the period.(Teacher and the students read the new words,and the teacher may give explanations if necessary.)
T:OK.Open your books and turn to Page 23.Let's look at Reading.Read the passage quickly,get the general idea and then answer the following questions on the screen.(Teacher shows the questions on the screen.)
1.How did the writer celebrate her 60th birthday?
2.Has she ever been to the North Pole?When?
3.What happened to her during the journey?
4.Why did she say it was an experience she would never forget and would value for the rest of her life?
Now,I'll give you five minutes to go through the passage and find the answers to the questions.After that,I'll ask some of you to answer the questions.Is that clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:Good.Please begin.
(Five minutes later,the teacher asks some students to read out their answers.)
Suggested answers:
1.The writer travelled to the South Pole to celebrate her 60th birthday.
2.Yes.At 50,she travelled alone to the North Pole.
3.One day,she fell into an icy hole and was hanging on the ropes tied to the sled.The next morning,she had a bad accident with the sled and hurt her leg.
4.Because she met the challenges of solo travel in an extreme climate and succeeded in finishing her travel to the South Pole.
Step Ⅴ. Reading
T:Well,read the passage carefully and try to get as much information as you can.After a while,we'll do Ex.1 in Post-reading.(Teacher gives the students a few minutes to read it carefully.After finishing it,the students need to choose the best answer to each question on Page 24.)
Suggested answers:
1)B 2)D 3)A 4)D 5)D
Step Ⅵ. Language Study
T:Now you're familiar with the passage.But you should also pay attention to some useful phrases.Let's look at their usages.(Show the following on the screen.)
1.struggle through
e.g.The soldiers struggled through the snowstorm.
2.threaten to do sth.
e.g.It threatens to rain.
3.lie down
e.g.The wind finally lay down.
4.be thankful (to sb.)for
e.g. I'm thankful to you for all this help.
5.be in good/bad/poor health
e.g.She was in poor health when she was young.
6.make a decision
e.g.She made a decision to travel alone to the Great Wall.
(Bb:struggle through,threaten to do sth.,lie down,be thankful(to sb.)for,be in good/bad/poor health,make a decision)
Step Ⅶ. Listening and Consolidation
T:Now I'll play the tape.You can follow it in a low voice.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.
(After that,the teacher asks the students to discuss the last two questions in Post-reading in groups of four.)
T:OK.Now look at the last two questions.(Teacher begins to read them.)I give you a few minutes to discuss them in groups of four.After a while,I'll ask some of you to talk about your opinions.Is that clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Begin,please.
(Teacher goes among the students and joins them in their discussion.)
T:(After a while.)Are you ready?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Who'd like to describe Helen Thayer in a few sentences?
S13:I'll try.Helen Thayer is a woman who loves life and likes adventure travel.She has a strong will and perseverance.She dares to challenge an unknown field,meanwhile,she is also very optimistic.
T:Very good.Sit down,please.The last question.Who can try?
S14:I can try.Yes,I admire Helen Thayer very much.Because she is very brave and strong.She never gives up when she meets with difficulties.
T:Well down.What about you,Li Hua?
S15:I also admire her very much.Because she is never satisfied with what she has had.She has the spirit of adventure and a strong will.
T:Quite right.Helen Thayer is really a woman who inspires us.I also admire her very much.
Step Ⅷ. Summary and Homework
T:In this peiod,we've read a passage about the expedition of a woman called Helen Thayer.We've learnt a lot from her,for example,where there is a will,there is a way;Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.(Write the two sentences on the Bb.)Besides,we've also learnt some useful expressions.After class,read the passage again and again until you can retell the story in your own words.At last,don't forget to preview“Word study and Grammar”in the next period.Well,that's all for today.Class is over.
Step Ⅸ. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 17 Famous women
The Second Period
Ⅰ.Phrases:
struggle through threaten to do sth. lie down be thankful(to sb.)for be in good/bad/poor health make a decision
Ⅱ.Where there is a will,there is a way.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
Step Ⅹ. Record after Teaching
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
The Third Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Review the words in the last two periods.
2.Learn the rules of Subject-Verb Agreement.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Master the rules of Subject-Verb Agreement.
2.Choose the correct verb forms to complete the sentences according to the grammar item.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to use the singular or plural form of the verb if the subject is the collective noun (army,family,group,government…).
Teaching Methods:
1.Review method to consolidate the words we've learned in the last two periods.
2.Individual or pair work to make every student work in class.
3.Inductive method to help the students master the grammar item-Subject-Verb Agreement.
Teaching Aids:
1.a projector and some slides
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ. Greetings and Revision
Greet the whole class as usual.
T:Yesterday we learnt a text about a famous woman named Helen Thayer,who travelled to the South Pole at the age of 60.Who can retell the story to us?
S1:Let me try.Helen Thayer,who was born on 1st November,1937,travelled alone to the North Pole at 50. She was the first woman to go alone to the North Pole.Ten years later,she began another dangerous and adventurous travel to the South Pole.Although she met with many difficulties,she still succeeded in finishing her journey by her strong will and determination.
T:Very good.Thank you.
Step Ⅱ. Word Study
T:In the last two periods,we've learnt some new words.Now let's review them.Look at the screen,please.Try to think of their meanings and their usages.Then finish the exercise on the screen to check if you can use them correctly.After you finish,you may check your answers with your partner.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
Complete these sentences with the words from the box.Some words may not be used.
cheerful mean miserable threaten inspiration optimistic shelter solo slope stormy generous challenge value
1.She is__________today,because she got an“A+”for her composition.
2.After many hours of hard work without success you may have a sudden moment of__________.
3.She is very__________with money.She wouldn't give a cent to help the poor child.
4.The boy told me that his life was so__________that he decided to leave his home.
5.The man__________the little girl with a knife.
6.In winter,many people think it is exciting to ski down the mountain__________.
7.She is quite__________about the company.She thinks it will become successful soon.
8.Suddenly it started to rain.They had to take __________under a big tree.
9.The young pianist who won the first prize in the international competition last year held his first __________performance earlier this week.
10.China's role in keeping the world peace is highly__________by many countries.
(A few minutes later,the teacher may ask some students to read out their answers and give the Chinese meaning of each sentence.The teacher corrects mistakes if any and gives some explanations.)
Suggested answers:
1.cheerful 今天她非常高興，因為她的作文得了A+。
2.inspiration 在連續好幾個小時的努力工作卻沒有成功之后，你也許突然間會產生一種靈感。
3.mean 她非常吝嗇，一分錢也不愿拿出來幫助窮孩子。
4.miserable 那個男孩子告訴我，他的生活是如此悲慘以致于他決定離開家。
5.threatened 這位男子用刀威脅那個小女孩。
6.slope 冬天，許多人認為順著山坡滑雪是非常刺激的。
7.optimistic 她對公司前景相當樂觀。她認為公司很快就會經營成功。
8.shelter 突然天下雨了，他們只好到大樹下避雨。
9.solo 去年在國際比賽中榮獲一等獎的那位年輕鋼琴家，這周的前些天舉辦了他的第一次個人演奏會。
10.valued 中國在維護世界和平中的作用受到了許多國家的高度重視。
Step Ⅲ. Grammar
T:Well done.Now,please look at the sentences on the screen.Pay attention to the underlined part in each sentence and find the rules of them.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1.The story was so interesting that I couldn't help laughing.
2.They are working on the farm.
3.There are many people in the meeting room.
4.The police are looking for the lost child.
5.The cattle are eating grass in the field.
6.My family is a big one.
7.My family are watching TV.
T:Who'd like to say the rules of these underlined parts?
S2:Let me try.Singular nouns are often used with singular verbs.Plural nouns are used with plural verbs.The sentences 1 and 2 are examples.Some collective nouns,such as people,police,cattle,have no singular form and can only be with plural verbs.Such are sentences 3,4 and 5.But I don't know why different verbs are used in the sixth sentence and the seventh one.
T:It doesn't matter.Sit down,please.Who knows?
Ss:Sorry.We don't know.
T:Well.I'll explain that to you.Besides the collective nouns you just referred to,there are other collective nouns,such as family,group,team,army,class,government.But these nouns can have a singular or plural verb.If the noun refers to the individual member of a unit,the verb is plural.If it refers to a whole unit,the verb is singular.In the sixth sentence,the noun“my family”refers to a whole unit,so the verb is singular.In the seventh sentence,“my family”here refers to the individual member of a unit,so the verb is plural.Is that clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:Now,look at another two examples on the Bb.
The boys' team has some good players,but the girls' is a better team.
My dog team weren't with me to pull my sled.
(Teacher asks two students to explain them.)
T:Very good.Now,let's do an exercise.Please turn to Page 25. and do Ex 1.First do it by yourself,and then check your answers with your partner.I'll give you four minutes to do it.After that,I'll check your answers in class.OK?
Ss:OK.
T:(Four minutes later.)Time is up.Have you finished?
Ss:Yes.
(Teacher asks some students to report their answers.)
Suggested answers:
1.is 2.Do 3.is 4.are 5.is/are 6.is 7.is 8.are 9.is/are 10.is 11.is 12.are
Step Ⅳ. Consolidation
T:In order to master the grammar item better,we'll have a quiz.Please look at the screen.Fill in the gaps.You need to write your answers on a piece of paper.After a while,I'll collect them.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
Fill in the gaps.
1.The news__________very interesting.
2.Everyone__________enjoying themselves.
3.I think physics__________not easy to study.
4.Most people__________fond of pop music.
5.The army__________going to remain in this town.
6.The army__________rescued the travellers.
7.Class Four__________on the third floor.
8.Class Four__________unable to agree upon a monitor.
9.Do you know which team__________won the Asian Cup Football match?
10.The police__________searching for the prisoner.
Suggested answers:
1.was/is 2.was/is 3.is 4.are 5.is 6.have 7.is 8.are 9.has 10.are
T:Well done.Let's look at Ex.2 on Page 25.Use the words given in brackets to answer these questions.First look at the example.(Teacher reads it.)Then do the exercise on a piece of paper.A few minutes later,I'll ask some of you to read out your sentences.Is that clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:Well.Please begin.(After a few minutes.)Have you finished?
Ss:Yes.
T:Well.I'll ask some of you to read out your sentences.One student,one sentence.
SA 1.Everybody is probably preparing for a party.
SB 2.The party is probably very wonderful.Everyone seems to enjoy themselves.
SC 3.Yes.If anyone finishes work today,they will probably be free tomorrow.
SD 4.I want you to tell everyone that there is probably a meeting this morning.
SE 5.If anyone wants to know,you should tell him to phone this number.
T:You're quite right.The word“probably”here means“most likely”.For example,Jim's late.He's probably stuck in a traffic jam.
Step Ⅴ. Summary and Homework
T:Today we've reviewed the new words in the last two periods.We've also learnt the rules of Subject-Verb Agreement.In the grammar item,we should pay more attention to the collective words:people,police,cattle,family,group,team,army,class,government.(Write them on the Bb.)They're all collective nouns,but they have different verb forms.After class,you should do more exercises to master them better.Besides,preview next period.Class is over.
Step Ⅵ. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 17 Famous women
The Third Period
Grammar:Subject-Verb Agreement
Ⅰ.Sentences:
The boys' team has some good players,but the girls' is a better team. My dog team weren't with me to pull my sled.
Ⅱ.Collective nouns:
people police cattle family group team army class government
Step Ⅶ. Record after Teaching
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
The Fourth Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Do some reading and writing practice to improve the students' integrating skills.
2.Get the students to master the useful words and expressions of the text.
3.Do some exercises to consolidate Subject-Verb Agreement.
4.Learn to write a fan letter.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Improve the students' integrating skills.
2.Help the students master Subject-verb Agreement.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to improve the students' integrating skills-reading skill and writing skill.
Teaching Methods:
1.Fast reading to go through with the reading material.
2.Discussion to finish the reading task.
3.Pair work or individual work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.a tape recorder
2.a projector and some slides
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ. Greetings and Revision
Greet the whole class as usual.
T:Yesterday we learnt the rules of Subject-Verb Agreement.Who can tell us what the rules are?
S1:Let me try.Generally speaking,singular nouns are used with singular verbs.Plural nouns are used with plural verbs.The collective noun can have a singular verb or a plural verb.If the noun refers to a whole unit,the verb is singular.If it refers to the individual member of a unit,the verb is plural.But some collective nouns,such as people,cattle,police,are always used with plural verbs.
T:You're quite right.Let's do an exercise on the screen.(Teacher shows the screen.)
Fill in the gaps.
1.There__________a desk,a table and three chairs in the room.
2.Lucy and Lily__________twins.
3.The United States__________smaller than China.
4.__________everyone here today?
5.Reading aloud__________very important in learning English.
6.People__________talking about the news.
7.The old__________well taken care of in the village.
8.The class__________taking notes in English.
9.My family__________here two years ago.
10.His family__________very anxious about him.
Suggested answers:
1.is 2.are 3.is 4.Is 5.is 6.are 7.are 8.are 9.was 10.are
Step Ⅱ. Reading
T:Now,please turn to Page 25 and read the passage quickly to get the general idea.Then answer the questions on the screen.After a while,I'll check your answers.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
1.Who is Oprah Winfrey?
2.When she lived with her father,what did she learn from her father?
3.After she graduated from university,what did she do?
T:(A few minutes later.)Have you finished?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Who'd like to answer the first question?
S2:Let me try.Oprah Winfrey is not only a very successful TV personality in the US,but she is also a woman who has inspired millions of people.
T:That's right.The second question,who can try?
S3:I can try.From her father,she learnt that hard work and discipline could lead people to self-improvement.
T:Well done.Wang Ming,can you try the third question?
S4:Yes.After graduating from university,she began to work for television.First,she worked for different TV stations across the country.Then,in 1984 she became the host of a talk show called “AM Chicago”.
T:Very good.Well,read the passage again and then discuss the following questions on Page 26 in small groups.You can elect a leader from your group and let him/her record your results of discussion.Five minutes later,I'll check your answers.Are you clear about that?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.You can begin.
(Five minutes later,the teacher asks some students to read out their answers.)
Suggested answers:
1.1)Oprah Winfrey is not only a very successful TV personality,she is also a woman who has inspired millions.Though life was very hard to the black at that time,especially to a black woman,it didn't stop Oprah Winfrey.Through hard work,she went to university.After graduating,she started working for a television.When she started her show“AM Chicago”,she had few listeners,but she didn't give up and kept on trying until she succeeded.
2)She was very bright at school.She asked her kindergarten teacher to let her go to school sooner and she also skipped the second grade of the primary school.
3)Her show is one of the most popular television programmes in history.The programme has so far been shown on TV for more than 20 years and she has won many prizes for her work in television.
2.To be a successful woman,I think the following qualities are needed:a great goal,a strong will,confidence,perseverance,discipline and hard work.
(Write them on the Bb.)
T:Good.I think you've understood the passage well now.But you should pay attention to the following sentence structure and useful expressions.Look at the screen,please.
Ⅰ.Sentence Pattern:
make it+adj./n.+to do sth.
e.g.He made it a rule to do morning exercises.
Ⅱ.Phrases:
1.Come to terms with
e.g.It is difficult for her to come to terms with all boring things.
2.hold no promise
e.g.She held no promise of success after she failed again.
3.so far
e.g.So far,she has mastered three foreign languages.
Step Ⅲ. Listening and Reading Aloud
T:Now,I'll play the tape for you to listen.The first time,just listen.The second time,you can follow.And then read the passage aloud by yourselves.Are you clear?
Ss:Yes.
(Teacher plays the tape for the students and then gives them a few minutes to read it.)
Step Ⅳ. Writing
T:As we know,famous people often have many fans,and they often get many fan letters.Sometimes they send their fans an answer.Imagine you're a fan,you can write a short letter to someone who you think you admire very much.Tell her/him how great you think she/he is.If you want to ask for an autograph or ask a question,you can write it into the letter.Before you write the letter,you can read aloud the following example on Page 26.
(Teacher gives the students a few minutes to go through with the letter.)
T:Have you finished?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Now try to write a letter to someone who you admire very much.Tell her/him how much you like her/him.Write it on a piece of paper first .Then exchange your writing to correct the mistakes in it.Finally,rewrite it on another piece of paper.I'll collect your letters in ten minutes.
One possible version:
780 Zhonghua Road
Xicheng District
Beijing,China
April 5,2004
Dear Mr Liu,
My name is Liu Lu.I'm a 17-year-old girl.I'm eager to write to you.Among all my hobbies,singing is my favourite.I enjoy listening to your songs in my spare time.Your handsome looking and beautiful songs attract me deeply.I also admire you very much because of your strong will and confidence.You had a hard life in your childhood,but you lived through all the difficulties.I hope I'll be successful in singing as you are in the future.I'll learn from you.
Wish you an even brighter future and a happier life.
Your fan and friend,
Liu Lu
Step Ⅴ. Tips
T:OK.Let's look at some tips.First read them quickly,and then tell us what you can learn from the tips.After a while,I'll ask some of you to say something about the tips.Do you understand?
Ss:Yes.
T:Now please begin.(A few minutes later.)Have you finished?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Who can try?
S5:I can try.After I read the tips,I understand that we must set a goal in our lives.We won't succeed without a goal.Meanwhile,to reach our goals,we must make some good choices,which have to be responsible and respectful to others.
S6:…
T:Well done.Thank you.
Step Ⅵ. Test
T:Well.In this unit,we've learnt some useful expressions.Do you remember them?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Let's review them together.I speak Chinese,you speak English.(Teacher writes them on the Bb when the students say them.)
(Bb:be about to do sth.,struggle through,lie down,threaten to do sth.,at the top of one's voice,make a decision,be thankful for,in good health,come to terms with,hold no promise)
T:Now I'll give you a test to see if you've mastered them.Look at the screen,please.Write your answers on a piece of paper.After a while,I'll collect them.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
Complete the sentences using the expressions on the Bb.
1.He said to her__________,“I love you.”
2.It__________snow.
3.He__________go out when it began to rain.
4.He__________all the help the teacher had given to him.
5.The doctor said to the patient,“Please__________.Don't be nervous.”
6.Think carefully before you__________.
7.My grandmother is__________,although she is over 80.
8.The soldiers__________the snowstorm.
9.It seems the crops__________this year.
10.He didn't__________the unfair treatment.
Suggested answers:
1.at the top of his voice
2.threatens to
3.was about to
4.was thankful for
5.lie down
6.make a decision
7.in good health
8.struggled through
9.hold no promise
10.come to terms with
Step Ⅶ. Summary and Homework
T:In this class,we've reviewed the useful expressions and the important grammar in this unit.And we've also done some reading and learnt how to write a fan letter.After class,go over all the important points learnt in this unit and go on with your letter if you've not finished it in class.Besides,prepare next unit.Class is over.
Step Ⅷ. The Design of the Writing on
the Blackboard
Unit 17 Famous women
The Fourth Period
Ⅰ.Qualities which a famous woman needs to have:a great goal a strong will confidence perseverance discipline hard work
Ⅱ.Useful expressions:
be about to do sth. struggle through lie down threaten to do sth. at the top of one's voice make a decision be thankful for in good health come to terms with hold no promise
Step Ⅸ. Record after Teaching
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
The Fifth Period
Subject-Verb Agreement
Teaching Aims:
1.Review the grammar item:Subject-Verb Agreement.
2.Sum up some special rules of Subject-Verb Agreement.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Enable the students to master some special rules of Subject-Verb Agreement.
2.Help the students consolidate the form of the verb that the collective noun should take.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.The form of the verb that two subjects joined by “and”should take.
2.The form of the verb that the collective noun(family,team,class,group,company,
government,…)should take.
Teaching Methods:
review,explanation,inductive methods
Teaching Aids:
1.a projector and some slides
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ. Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ.Revision
(Teacher lets the students look at some sentences on the screen and asks them if the sentences are true or false.If the sentence is false,ask them to correct it according to the rules of Subject-Verb Agreement.)
T:Please look at the screen.Tell me whether the sentences are true or false.If they're false,please correct them.(Show the following on the screen.)
1.The news are very exciting to every one of us.
2.The police is searching for the lost boy.
3.Nobody know who is going to win in the competition.
4.The army has rescued the travellers.
5.His physics is weaker than others.
T:Who can tell me whether the first sentence is true or false?Any volunteers?
S1:Let me try.The sentence is false.Here“are”should be replaced by“is”.Because the subject“the news”is an uncountable noun.
T:Very good.What about the second sentence?
(Teacher asks another student to answer.)
S2:I think it is wrong.We can't use “is” in this sentence.We should use“are”,I think.But I don't know why.
T:What you answered is right.Now,I'll tell you the reason.Because “police”is a collective noun.Such collective nouns as “people”“police”“cattle”and so on have no plural forms but should take a plural verb.Are you clear?
S2:Yes.
T:Now,let's look at the third sentence.Who can try?
S3:I can try.This sentence is wrong.“know”should be replaced by“knows”.Because the subject“nobody”is an indefinite pronoun.
T:Right.Sit down,please.The fourth one.Who can tell me whether it is right or wrong?Wang Xin,please.
S4:I think it is right.
T:Is her answer right or wrong?
Ss:Wrong.Because in this sentence,the noun“the army”refers to the individual member of the unit.We should use a plural verb.We should not use“has”but“have”.
T:Quite right.Now look at the last sentence,please.Let's do it together.
Ss:It's right.
(Bb:Write these correct sentences on the blackboard.)
T:Very good.It is important for us to use the singular or plural form of the verb correctly.Generally speaking,singular nouns are used with singular verbs.Plural nouns are used with plural verbs.But there are some Special Rules of agreement between Subject and Predicate that we must pay attention to.
Step Ⅲ.Summary of the Special Rules
of Subject-Verb Agreement
T:Now,let's sum up some special rules of Subject-Verb Agreement.Please look at the screen.
(Teacher shows some special rules and some examples on the screen.And give some explanations.)
Ⅰ.The following can usually be used with plural verbs.
1.Two or more singular subjects joined by“and”.“both…and…”usually take a plural verb.
e.g.My father and mother are away on business.Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
Note:1)Two singular subjects joined by“and”but denoting one person or thing or idea should be used with a singular verb.
e.g.Time and tide waits for no man.
Bread and butter is served for breakfast.
The following phrases are usually used with a singular verb.
a knife and fork salt and water
a horse and cart coffee and milk
a needle and thread iron and steel
a watch and chain time and tide
2)Two or more singular subjects joined by“and”but preceded by“each”“every”“no”take a singular verb.
e.g.In our country every boy and every girl has the right to education.
No teacher and no student stays at school on Sunday.
2.Collective nouns such as “people,public,police,cattle,militia,poultry”are always take a plural verb.
e.g.People are talking about the news.
The cattle are eating grass in the fields.
3.Nouns that are plural forms,such as “clothes,shoes,trousers,scissors,socks,slippers,glasses,
compasses,always take a plural verb.”
e.g.My trousers were made by my mother.
Note:If these nouns are preceded by “a pair of”,the predicate verb should agree with “pair”in number.
e.g.A pair of slippers is under the bed.
Many pairs of glasses have sold out.
4.The expression more than+numeral+noun(pl.)usually take a plural verb.
e.g.More than two hundred students are planting trees.
Ⅱ.The following usually takes a singular verb.
1.When the subject is expressed by an infinitive,a gerund,or a subordinate clause,the verb is generally singular.
e.g.To complete the project is a great success.
When he will leave for Beijing is unknown.
2.When the subject is expressed by indefinate pronouns,such as either,neither,another,each,anything,little etc.,the verb is usually singular.
e.g.Everyone is here.
3.Nouns that are plural in form but singular in sense,such as news,politics,physics,
mathematics,economics usually take a singular verb.
e.g.Physics is difficult to learn.
4.Plural expressions of time,distance,weight,value etc.,usually take a singular verb.
e.g.Two and ten is twelve.
Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money.
5.When a plural noun is used as the name of a book,drama,newspaper,country etc.,the verb is singular.
e.g.The New York Times is published daily.
Ⅲ.The following can be used with a plural verb or a singular verb according to a certain situation.
1.In the inverted structure,the verb should agree with the first subject that follows the verb.
e.g.There is a lamp,two books and three pens on the desk.
On the wall hangs a picture.
2.When two or more subjects are joined by“or”“nor”“not only…but also…”or“not…but”…,the verb agrees with the subject next to it.
e.g.Either Ann or Jane is from New Zealand.
Neither he nor I have finished the experiment.
3.When two subjects are connected by“as well as”“rather than”“no less than”“like”“but”“with”“except”“including”etc.,the verb agrees in person and number with the first one.
e.g.No one except my parents knows anything about it.
4.Collective nouns(class,crew,crowd,family,government,group,team,company…)take a plural verb when it is thought of as the individual member of a unit,but a singular verb when it is thought of as a whole unit.
e.g.His family is a big one.
His family are sitting at the breakfast table.
5.Nouns denoting quantity or amount such as “half of”“a lot of”“plenty of”“part of”“percentage”“fraction”may take either a singular or a plural verb according to their meanings or what follows.
e.g.80% of the population of China are famers.
Plenty of time is left.
Step Ⅳ.Practice and Consolidation
T:Now,let's do some exercises.Please look at the screen.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with the correct verb form.
1.Every possible means__________(use)to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not very clear.
2.All through his life Einstein believed that fighting and killing in wars__________(be ) wrong.
3.Everyone here,including children and old people,__________(go)in for sports.
4.Our class,which__________(be)made up of 50 students,__________(do)experiments on heat and light in the lab now.
5.Six years__________(be)not a long time.
6.No teacher and so student__________(want)to see the film.
7.The students each__________(have)a dictionary.
8.Tom is the only one of the students who__________(have)passed the exam.
9.Here__________(be)some envelopes and paper for you.
10.Half of the apples__________(be) eaten by rats.
(After a while,the teacher checks the answers.If necessary,the teacher can give an explanation.)
Suggested answers:
1.has been used 2.was 3.goes 4.is;are doing 5.is 6.wants 7.have 8.has 9.are 10.are
Ⅱ.Choose the best answers:
1.On the wall__________two large portraits.
A.hangs B.hang
C.hanged D.hanging
2.Nobody but Jane__________the secret.
A.know B.knows
C.have known D.is known
3.All but one __________here just now.
A.is B.was
C.has been D.were
4.Not only I but also Jane and Mary__________tired of having one examination after another.
A.is B.are
C.am D.be
5.A library with five thousand books__________to the nation as a gift.
A.is offered B.has offered
C.are offered D.have offered
6.The number of people invited__________fifty,but a number of them__________absent for different reasons.
A.were;was B.was;was
C.was;were D.were;were
7.E-mail,as well as telephone,__________an important part in daily communication.
A.is playing B.have played
C.are playing D.play
Suggested answers:
1.B 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.A
Step Ⅴ.Summary and Homework
T:In this class,we've reviewed the grammar-Subject-Verb Agreement.We have also summed up the rules of Subject-Verb Agreement.After class,review and remember these special rules.
Step Ⅵ.The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Subject-Verb Agreement
The Fifth Period
1.The news is very exciting to every one of us.
2.The police are searching for the lost boy.
3.Nobody knows who is going to win in the competition.
4.The army have rescued the travellers.
5.His physics is weaker than others.
Step Ⅶ.Record after Teaching
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
Reference for Teaching
一、異域風情
1.Swedish Folklore 瑞典的民俗
Sweden is a land of contrasts(反差很大).In the north,where forests fade into frozen ground(森林逐漸消失為冰凍的土地),the influence of tradition and folklore is strong.In the milder(氣候比較溫和)，more fertile(土壤更加肥沃)south,the customs(風俗)are basically those of continental Europe(歐洲大陸).
In Sweden,legends(傳說)exist in people's everyday life.Hunting legends,for example,tell how men have been turned into beasts by magic.It is thought unlucky to see a hare in the morning but to meet a wolf or a bear is an omen that hunting will be good(人們認為一大早看到野兔是會倒霉的，但如果碰到狼或熊則是一個好兆頭，因為它將預示著狩獵的順利).And there are some ancient customs about birth.When a child is born,the women of the family must carry it three times(三圈)around its parents' hearth(壁爐)and then examine it for birthmarks(胎記).If child is covered in the membrane,that means it will always be accompanied by a guardian spirit(守護神).It is feared that children who lack the protection of a guardian spirit may be stolen by witches(女巫)and turned into disembodied spirits(變成游魂).
A country wedding(鄉村婚禮)in Sweden is also very interesting.It is celebrated with traditional festivities.The bridegroom(新郎)must formally ask for the bride's hand(正式向新娘求婚)in the barn(谷倉),because this is where the dowry(嫁妝)is stored.On the wedding day the women of the family help the bride to dress in national costume(民族服裝),which includes silver jewelry(銀制的飾物)and a bridal crown(新娘花冠).Meanwhile friends and male relations(男性親戚)wait in the kitchen,drinking beer.When the bride is ready(準備就緒),all the relatives(親戚)and guests form a procession,which is led by young men on horseback.
They meet the groom's procession(新郎一方的迎親隊伍)at the church and greetings,symbolizing the kinship which now unites the two families(象征著連接彼此的親戚關系正式形成),are exchanged(互相祝賀).When the wedding service(儀式)ends,the guests go to the bride's house for the marriage feast(婚宴).
2.The First Man in Space
Four,three,two,one,zero!Whoosh!There is a great roar,and another rocket starts its journey into space.Then who was the first man,do you know,to go up into space?It was a Russian named Yuri Gagarin(1934.3~1968.3).That was on April 4,1961.He traveled once round the earth,and his journey lasted, 108 minutes.
There have been many flights into space since 1961.But we shall always remember the first man who went on the dangerous and exciting journey,and we shall never forget that day-April 4,1961.
Here are some stamps about Yuri Gagarin.They were is sued(發行)by the former Soviet Union(CCCP),East Germany(GDR),and Korea(韓國).Can you recognize each of them?
二、知識歸納
(一)imagine高考常考詞匯之一，其主要用法如下：
1.作“想象，設想”講
(1)跟名詞作賓語
e.g.We can't imagine life without any water.
我們無法想象沒有水的生活。
It is difficult for young people to imagine the working people's sufferings before liberation.
年輕人很難想象解放前勞動人民的苦難。
注：imagine一般不能用于進行時，但和always,all the time,these days等時間狀語連用，用于進行時，帶有某種感情色彩。
e.g.She is always imagine dangers that don't exist.
她總是想象那些根本不存在的危險。
(2)跟動名詞包括動名詞的復合結構作賓語，動名詞復合結構中，可用普通格代替所有格。
e.g.I didn't imagine becoming a doctor in my childhood.
在孩童時代，我并未想象會成為一名大夫。
I can't imagine my marrying a man of that sort.
我難以想象我會嫁給那種男人。
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
我幾乎不能想象彼得五天之內橫渡大西洋。
(3)后跟賓語從句
e.g.Can you imagined that he left without even a word?
你能設想他甚至一句話不說就離開嗎？
I can't imagine why people speak against her.
我無法想象為什么人們說她的閑話。
(4)后跟名詞/代詞+(to+be)+形容詞/(as)名詞/介詞短語
e.g.I imagine her(to be)beautiful and soft.
我把她想象得既溫柔又漂亮。
Imagine yourself(to be)in my place.What will you do?
想象你自己處于我的位置，你會怎樣做呢？
I imagine him(as)a tall and handsome man.
我想象他高大英俊。
2.作“想，以為，感覺，猜測”講，不可用于進行時
e.g.I imagine(that)/have met you somewhere before.
我想以前曾在哪里見過你。
Don't imagine that you are the only person in trouble.
不要以為只有你一個人處境艱難。
He imagined that he had heard a strange noise upstairs.
他感覺聽到樓上有奇怪的聲音。
Can you imagine what he is doing?
你能夠猜測他在做什么嗎？
(二)chance的用法
1.作“可能性(posibility)”解時，用作名詞，既可用作可數名詞，也可用于不可數名詞。后面常接of…/that從句表示可能性，而且chance作“可能性”講時，還常用于下列句型：The chance is that…/The chances are that…(句型中的The和that可以省去)或者There is a chance that…表示“有可能……”。
e.g.They have no chance of winning the match.
他們不可能贏得這次比賽。
There seems to be little chance of success this time.
這次似乎沒有成功的可能性。
There is a chance that the sports meeting will be held next week.
很可能下周開運動會。
The chances are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow.
新機器可能明天到。
2.作名詞，表示“機會(opportunity)”時，是可數名詞。
e.g.This is a good chance to learn/of learning from the experienced teacher.
這是向有經驗的老師學習的好機會。
It is the chance of a life time.
這是一生難得的機會。
常用的短語有：give sb.a chance(給某人一次機會)
have a chance to do…(有機會做……)
take the chance to do…(利用機會做……)
seize the chance(抓住機會)
miss a chance(錯過機會)
lose a chance(失去機會)
3.作名詞，表示“偶然(a favourable occasion),幸運(fortune),運氣(luck)”等時，是不可數名詞。
e.g.Let's leave it to chance.
任其自然吧。
Chance plays an important part in playing cards.
玩牌許多時候靠運氣。
常見的短語有：by chance(碰巧)，by any chance(萬一，碰巧)，take one's chance(碰運氣，聽任命運)。
4.也可用作動詞，表示“碰巧，偶然發生”時為不及物動詞，可以用于以下兩個句型中，chance to do…/It chanced that…。
e.g.I chanced to see my friend in the street.
我碰巧在街上碰到了我的朋友。
It(so)chanced that/had no money with me.
碰巧我身上沒帶錢。
三、詞語辨析
(一)alone/lonely
1.alone意為：by oneself,without others，可作表語和賓補，不帶感情色彩。
e.g.I happened to be alone in the room.
我碰巧一個人在屋里。
When the baby woke up,he found himself alone.
這個嬰兒醒來時，發現只有他一個人。
說明：(1)alone可作副詞。
e.g.When his wife died,he lived alone.
他妻子去世后，他獨自生活。
(2)leave(=let)sth.alone句型意為“不去理會，不要去管”等。
Let the dog alone;he'll bite you if you pull its tail.
不要碰它，要是拉尾巴，狗會咬你。
(3)let alone意為“更不用說”。
He can't speak English,let alone write it.
他不會講英語，更不用說寫了。
2.lonely是形容詞，意為“unhappy because one is away from family or friends(孤獨的，寂寞的)”，帶有濃厚的感情色彩，表示主觀上“孤獨、寂寞”，渴望有伴。若指地方，則有“人跡罕至的，荒涼的，偏僻的(not often visited)”意思，可作定語，也可作表語。
e.g.He was alone,but he didn't feel lonely.
他獨自一人，但并不覺得寂寞。
注意：用作形容詞時，alone不能和very連用，故不能說very alone，而要說much alone,very much alone或all alone,而lonely可以受very的修飾。試比較：
He is much alone.
He is very lonely.
(二)think of,think about,think over
1.think of/about可表示“考慮，想一想”，用about更側重做事的可行性。
e.g.Just think about the cost.
考慮一下代價吧。
Don't think of it any more.
別再想這件事了。
2.think of/about可表示“對某事物有……看法”。
e.g.What did you think of the report?
你覺得那個報告怎么樣？
We don't care what they think about us.
我們不在乎他們對我們怎么想。
3.think of還可表示“想起/到，打算做某事”。
e.g.He often thinks of changing his job.
他常常想改換工作。
I can't think of his name right now.
我一時想不起他的名字。
4.think over意為“仔細考慮，重新考慮”。
e.g.I'd better think over what he said.
我最好仔細考慮他說過的話。
We have thought the plan over and decided not to join it after all.
我們重新考慮了這個計劃并且決定不參加了。
(三)become,get,come,go,grow,fall,turn,run它們雖然都表示“(從一種狀態)變成另一種狀態”，但與其相關的搭配卻有差別。若不注意，在使用時就會出錯。
1.形容詞在這類系動詞后面作表語
go和come相比，“go+形容詞”多表示“(從好的狀態)變成壞的狀態”，而“come+形容詞”則多表示“(從壞的狀態)變成好的狀態”。
e.g.(1)In hot weather,meat goes bad.
熱天，肉會變壞。
(2)Things will come right in the end.
形勢最終會變好的。
系動詞go后面的表語為mad,crazy,blind,lame或表示顏色的形容詞時，go前面的主語一般為人。
e.g.(1)He went mad last year.
去年他瘋了。
(2)Hearing this,she went red.
聽到這個，她臉紅了。
系動詞run后面接short,dry,low,deep等形容詞作表語時，其前的主語多為能流動的或能消耗掉的東西。
e.g.(1)Their money was running short.
他們的錢就要用完了。
(2)Still water runs deep.
水仍舊很深。
系動詞run后面接形容詞wild作表語時，run的主語可以是人。
e.g.The children run wild.
孩子們變得任性。
系動詞grow后面可以接表示人或物的特征的靜態形容詞作表語，也可以接表示天氣的形容詞作表語。它側重于“逐漸變成某種狀態”。
e.g.(1)The girl grew thinner and thinner.
這個女孩越來越瘦了。
(2)Soon the sky grew dark.
天很快變黑了。
系動詞turn后面多接表示顏色的形容詞作表語，也可以接表示天氣的形容詞作表語。意思上側重于“變得與以前完全不同”。
e.g.The man turned blue with fear.
那個男人因害怕而臉發青。
The weather suddenly turned much colder.
天氣突然變得冷多了。
系動詞fall后面可以接asleep,silent等靜態形容詞或表示疾病的形容詞作表語，但不能接形容詞的比較級作表語。
e.g.She fell ill from cold.
她因感冒病倒了。
“get+形容詞”多用在口語中。get能替代become，但become較為正式。get與become前面的主語既可以是人也可以是物。
e.g.He became/got angry with his son.
他生他兒子的氣。
His coat has become/got badly torn.
他的外套已經非常破了。
get經常與形容詞的比較級連用。
e.g.The days are getting longer and longer after the winter solstice.
冬至過后，天變得越來越長。
注意：系動詞become一般不可用來表示“將來變得……”的意思。
2.系動詞become,turn,get,go,fall后面能跟名詞作表語，其他的“變成”類系動詞后面不能跟名詞作表語。
e.g.His dream has become a reality.
他的夢想變成了現實。
He has turned scientist.
他成了科學家。
Her cheeks went a very pretty pink.
她的臉頰變得緋紅。
He fell a victim to cancer.
他死于癌癥。
注意：在turn后面作表語用的名詞前通常不帶冠詞。
3.come和go后面多接有否定前綴的過去分詞。“get+過去分詞”表示一次行為；“become+過去分詞“表示事物發展的最后結果。
e.g.The string comes untied.
鞋帶沒系。
His report went unnoticed.
他的報告沒有引起注意。
The fence gets white-washed every year.
柵欄每年都要粉刷。
The room soon became crowded.
房間很快就變得擁擠了。
4.系動詞get,go,come后面可接現在分詞，但含義不是“成為”。
e.g.They went in and got chatting together.(get意為“開始”)
他們進去后開始聊天。
We often go swimming.(go意為“去”)
我們常去游泳。
He came running in.(come意為“來”)
他跑進來了。
5.系動詞come,grow,get后面接不定式，表示變化過程。come表示“最終變得”；get表示“由……變得”；grow表示“漸漸變得”。
e.g.I've really come to love this place.
我的確變得喜歡這個地方了。
Mary's growing to be more and more like her mother.
瑪麗越長越像她的母親了。
You'll soon get to like it.
你很快就會變得喜歡它的。
注意：這種結構不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。
(四)sometime,some time,sometimes,some times
1.sometime是副詞，意為“在某個不確定的時間”，“在某個時候”，“某時”，可以同將來時連用，也可以同過去時連用。
e.g.Will you come again sometime next week?
你能在下周某個時間再來一趟嗎？
She was there sometime last year.
去年某一時候她在那兒。
2.some time是名詞詞組，意為“一段時間”，作時間狀語用；也可用作副詞詞組，用來指一個未肯定的時刻，常指將來，此時，可與sometime通用。
e.g.I'll stay here for some time.
我將在這兒呆一段時間。
They'll visit China some time next year.
明年的某個時候，他們將訪問中國。
3.sometimes是頻度副詞，意為“有時，不時”，常與一般現在時或一般過去時連用。
e.g.Sometimes he goes to school by bus,sometimes he goes by bike.
有時他乘公共汽車上學，有時騎自行車上學。
4.some times是名詞詞組，意為“幾次，幾倍”。
e.g.I met him some times in the street last month.
上月我在街上遇到他幾次。
The factory is some times larger than that one.
這個工廠比那個工廠大幾倍。
四、能力訓練
(一)單句改錯(主謂一致專練)
1.The number of visitors are very large this year.
簡析：are→is。因為在“the number of+名詞復數”時，中心詞是“number”，而在“a number of+名詞復數”中，中心詞才是名詞復數。
2.The population in China are very large,but 80% of that are farmers.
簡析：第一個are改為is。population一詞作為主語時，謂語動詞用單數；但其百分比作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數。
3.The doctor's are on the side of the street.
簡析：are→is。名詞所