Unit 12 Mainly Revision
一、 教法建議
拋磚引玉
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ.詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
flat(n.), silly, downtown, standard, postman, mailbox, department store, sex, sigh, frog, mud, loose, warm-blooded, wolf, keep up, cold-blooded, lung, show off, part-time, suit
Ⅱ.交際英語
Inquiring, suggestion and responses(詢問、建議及應(yīng)答)
1.What would you prefer to do…? 2.How long are you planning to stay over there? 3.Ithink you'd better fly somewhere in the west. 4.Is there anything else I should do? 5.That sounds like a good idea. 6.I say, shall we go downtown this evening? 7.Shall we do…?/Let's do…/Shall we go camping this weekend? 8.What/How+about…? How about a cup of coffee? 9.Why not…?/Why don't you…?/Why no rewrite this notice immediately? 10.You should/ought to+do…=You are supposed to do. You are supposed to arrive at the airport by five o'clock at least. 11.Don't you think it might be a good idea to fix the chair? 12.Have you ever thought of dining out this evening? 13.We might as well buy a good pan. 14.What do you think of seeing him off at the railway station? 15.Would it be better to put up a board near the road? 16.I wonder whether you'd like to have dumplings at lunch. 17.May I suggest leaving a message with his secretary then? 18.I'd like to suggest that you join our club.
肯定回答時(shí)可以用：All right, if that will make you happy. /I'd like that very much. /OK, that's fine. /That sounds like a good idea./That's a good idea./Any time
will suit me.任何時(shí)間對(duì)我都合適。/Good enough,let's go.好的，我們走吧。/I'd like that very much. /That suits me all right. /That's great. /That's just my cup of tea.這正配我的胃口。/Yes.I think your suggestion sounds reasonable.
否定回答時(shí)可以用：I don't think I will, but thank you all the same. /I'd like that, but I can't afford the time. /It's a good idea,I suppose,but it may cost a lot of money./It's nice of you to ask,but I don't think so./No,don't bother.i ,別費(fèi)心了。/No,I don't think so.不，我不這樣認(rèn)為。/Well, I'd rather not. If you don't mind.這個(gè)，如果你不介意的話，我還是不這樣的好。/I'd rather you wouldn't. /Impossible./Not a bit.一點(diǎn)也不。/I regret to say I can't accept your suggestion. /I'm afraid your proposal is not acceptable.
Ⅲ.語法學(xué)習(xí)
掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語和賓語補(bǔ)足語的使用。
指點(diǎn)迷津
如何突破作結(jié)果狀語的分詞和不定式
NMET98試題中有這樣一道單項(xiàng)填空題
European football is played in 80 countries, it the most popular sport in the world.
A.making B.makes c.made D.to make
該題意在考查作結(jié)果狀語的分詞和不定式的不同用法。分詞和不定式都可以用作結(jié)果狀
語，而且一般都位于主句之后。許多考生對(duì)此區(qū)分不清而誤選答案D。現(xiàn)就二者的不同用法
作一簡(jiǎn)單分析。
1.分詞作結(jié)果狀語，通常表示一個(gè)自然而然的、意料之中的結(jié)果，是主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作
的直接結(jié)果。例如：
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.父母去世了，他成為孤兒。
He ran faster than ever, reaching the school quite out of breath.他跑得更快了，結(jié)果到學(xué)校時(shí)已上氣不接下氣。
He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.他迅速切斷了電源，防止了一起意外事故。
The glass fell to the ground, broken to pieces.杯子掉在地上，打成了碎片。
2.不定式作結(jié)果狀語，通常表示繼謂語動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生的一個(gè)相反或出乎意料之外的結(jié)果，常表達(dá)“沒相到……”、“結(jié)果卻……”、“不料……”等意思。其前常加only以強(qiáng)調(diào)這一意外結(jié)果。例如：
I called at her home, only to find the door locked.我去過她家，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)其房
門緊鎖著。
He hurried to the station, only to be told the train had gone.他匆忙趕到車站，不料被告知火車已經(jīng)開走了。
They lifted a rock only to have it drop on their own feet.他們搬起石頭，結(jié)果卻砸了自己的腳。
It took her nearly half a year to find his address, only to learn that he had
passed away ten years before.她用了近半年的時(shí)間找到了他的地址，結(jié)果卻得知他已在
十年前去世了。
從以上的分析可以看出，上述試題中句意為“八十個(gè)國家都踢歐式足球，結(jié)果使用其成為世人最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)”這是一種自然而然的結(jié)果，故正確答案應(yīng)為A。大家可試作下面的一
組練習(xí)：
(1) The water of a hot spring(溫泉)carries many dissolved minerals,usually
the water an unusual taste and smell.
A.to give B.gives C.to be given D.giving
(2) Mr Brown returned to his office after a holiday, only broken into.
A.to find it had been B.to find it had
C.finding it had been D.finding it was
答案：(1)D (2)A
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1. downtown 作名詞意為“城市的商業(yè)區(qū)；繁華區(qū)”。作形容詞意為“商業(yè)區(qū)的”。作
副詞意為“在城市的商業(yè)區(qū)”。例如：
He lives in the downtown. = He lives downtown.他住在商業(yè)區(qū)。
There are several downtown branches of our bank.我們銀行在商業(yè)區(qū)有幾家分行。
在作副詞用在動(dòng)詞后時(shí)不要加to.如：
They went downtown every week.他們每逢星期天都到商業(yè)區(qū)去。
She went downtown to do some shopping the other day.前幾天她去商業(yè)區(qū)購物。
2.standard 作形容詞意為“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，合格的”。
-Your English is standard.
-Thank you.
What's the standard size of a twin bed? 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)雙人床有多大?
作名詞常用復(fù)數(shù)是“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、水平、規(guī)格”。如：
The living standards of Chinese people have been greatly improved.
另外，注意：up to standard 達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，below standard 底于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。standard English 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語，standard time(以格林威治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)的)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間。
3.silly 傻的；糊涂的
It was silly of you to believe what she said. That's just crocodile's tears.相信她說的話，你真傻。那只不過是鱷魚的眼淚。
辨析silly(傻)，stupid(笨)，foolish(愚蠢)
foolish 強(qiáng)調(diào)缺乏智力、智慧或者判斷力，像愚人似的做出不合常理的事來。
I think it's foolish of her to let pass such a fine opportunity to go abroad.我認(rèn)為她放棄這樣一個(gè)出國的好機(jī)會(huì)是十分愚蠢的。
stupid 常用于生氣和責(zé)罵時(shí)，用于人的性格的指智力或反應(yīng)遲鈍。
You are not stupid, just lazy! 你不笨，就是懶!
He is stupid in learning maths. 他學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)很笨。
silly雖然沒有精神上的缺陷，卻所做所為太無見識(shí)，不合乎常規(guī)，因而常招致譏笑，含“聰明一世，湖涂一時(shí)”。
I felt silly because I didn't know what to say. 我覺得很傻，因?yàn)槲也恢勒f什么好。
Don't ask such silly questions! 別再問這樣傻的問題了。
4.suit 作及物動(dòng)詞意為“適合；使適應(yīng)；中意”。作名詞意為“一套衣服”。
-Would Saturday night suit you?星期六你方便嗎?
-Yes,it suits me fine.我很方便。
Mother bought me a suit of mew clothes.
The climate here suits me very well.
The seven o'clock train will suit best. 7點(diǎn)的那一班火車最適宜。
辨析fit,suit和match
fit 作形容詞是“適合的，能勝任的”。作動(dòng)詞是“使適合，合身，相配，吻合，安裝”。作名詞是“合身得體的衣服”。
She is not fit to look after the old. 她不適合照看老人。
(正)This pair of shoes fits me well/perfectly. 這雙鞋我穿著很合適。
(誤)This pair of shoes fits for me well/perfectly.
(正)This pair of shoes fits well/perfectly. 這雙鞋很合適。
This coat is a good fit.這件大衣很合身。
Will you please help me fit a mew door? 你能幫我裝個(gè)新門嗎?
(1)be fit for +名詞是“適合……”。be unfit for+名詞是“不適合……”。
My niece is just the girl, who is fit for this job.=My niece is just the girl,who is fit to do this job.
Her son is unfit for the position, isn't he? 她的兒子不勝任那個(gè)職務(wù)，是嗎?
(2)fit作表語時(shí)其后的不定式用主動(dòng)形式代表被動(dòng)形式。作形容詞還表達(dá)“健康的，身體好的”。
(誤)This kind of food isn't fit to eat.這種食物不能吃。
(正)This kind of food isn't fit to be eaten.
I hope you are keeping fit. 我希望你保持健康的體魄。
Keep fit and study hard. 注意身體，好好學(xué)習(xí)。
(3)fit 指大小、形狀的合適，引申為吻合、協(xié)調(diào)。suit指合乎需要、口味、條件、地位，以及花色、款式等與某人的皮膚、氣質(zhì)、身體或身份相稱。match多指大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等的搭配。
This new jacket fits her well. 這件夾克很合她的身。
對(duì)比：This new jacket suits her beautifully.這件夾克她穿著真漂亮。
That colour suits you best.
Try the new key and see if it fits the keyhole.
Does this time suit you?
No dish suits all tastes.
I am afraid Sunday suits me better.
當(dāng)表示“使……適合”的意思時(shí)，fit常與for連用；suit常與to連用。
His experience fits him for the job.
He suited his speech to his audience.他使自己的演講適合于聽眾。
The People's Great Hall and the Historical Museum match the Tian An Men beautifully.人民大會(huì)堂和歷史博物館把天安門陪襯得極為美麗。
(2)be suited for ……,be suited to do……適合做……；對(duì)……適宜
He is suited for teaching.=He is suited to teach.
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
Lesson46
1.stay over在外面(旅館或朋友處)住
Because of the snowstorm, we couldn't get home that night, and had to stay over in a hotel.
2.fly away 飛走
Some birds will fly away to the south in winter.
3.go to sleep=fall asleep睡著了
I don't know when I went to sleep last night.
go to bed 去就寢，上床睡覺。go to sleep睡著了，人睡。
I usually go to bed at ten and go to sleep a few minutes afterwards.
4.go deep under the mud 深深地鉆進(jìn)淤泥
5.many other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞的意思是“很多別的……”
Besides this desk, we have many other desks in the hall.
6.a good many=a great many=a large munber of (用于修飾可數(shù)名詞)許多
These pupils have read a good many books on popular science.這些小學(xué)生讀了很多科普方面的書。
(1)a good 有時(shí)表示程度上的“充分、足夠”。
There is a good supply of vegetables.有足夠的蔬菜供應(yīng)。
(2)對(duì)比：a good/great many students很多學(xué)生，a good/great many of the students學(xué)生中的很多。many a+單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語
7.keep out=prevent from entering 阻止不讓進(jìn)人員；置身……之外
Shut the windows and keep the cold out.
Warm clothing will keep us the cold out.
Danger! Keep out!
I hope you'll keep him out of trouble while I'm away. 我希望我不在的時(shí)候，你不要讓他惹是生非。
8.lead/live a(…)life過著……的生活。
They led a cat's and dog's life before liberation.解放前他們過著牛馬不如的生活。
They lived a miserable life.他們過著悲慘的生活。
注意在lead/live…life中的形容詞可以根據(jù)需要作出相應(yīng)的變化。如：
lead an active life過著自由自在的生活，lead an exciting life過著令人激動(dòng)的生活，live a happy life 過著幸福的生活，lead a hard/rough life 過著艱難的日子
9.keep up=remain,continue 保持，維持，繼續(xù)
You have done very well so far, I hope you can keep it up.
Will the fine weather keep up?
I'm glad that you are keeping up your piano practice.你在繼續(xù)練鋼琴，我很高興。
keep up 表“繼續(xù)”時(shí)與keep on ,go on同義。但keep up 后面常接名詞，keep on,go on后常接動(dòng)名詞。
10.below freezing冰點(diǎn)以下
11.in the usual way以通常的方式
12.have no choice but to do 別無選擇，只得
On cold winter days some animals have no choice but lie down and sleep.
In order to make more money to support his large family, he had no choice but to work day and night.
注意介詞but后用動(dòng)詞原形，但在do nothing but 中，介詞but后用原形。試對(duì)比：
There was no bus, so they had no choice but to walk home.
There was no bus, so they didn't do anything but walk home.
13.keep fairly warm保持相當(dāng)暖和
14.more than=not only不只是，不僅僅
He is more than a reporter, he is a fighter for freedom.他不僅是個(gè)記者，他還是一位捍衛(wèi)自由的戰(zhàn)士。
注意：more than還有“多于”的意思。
I went more than a kilometre alone.
15.over zero centigrade零度以上
16. (次數(shù))+every… 每隔……(次)
Take this medicine once every four hours. 這藥每隔三小時(shí)吃一次。(即每四小時(shí)一次)
He comes here every three days.他每隔兩天來這兒一次。(即每三天來這一次)
講“一天、一年、一月、一周、一小時(shí)的幾次”時(shí)不用every，而用a。
The doctor asked him to take the medicine three times a day.醫(yī)生要他每天服藥三次。
17.cause…to do 引起……干……
What caused you to be late again?
18.wake up醒來；叫醒……
Will you please wake me up at five tomorrow morning?
What time do you usually wake (up)?
19.all through…整個(gè)……，自始至終，整個(gè)……時(shí)期內(nèi)
The baby cried all through the night.
He remained on the top of the hill all through the summer.
20.manage to do=succeed in doing sth.difficult設(shè)法作成某事
He managed to escape to South America.
manage to do強(qiáng)調(diào)設(shè)法成功干了……。try to do 不一定成功地干了……。試比較：
He tried to pay off all his debts, but he lost the chance. (必須通過but暗示出仍未還清債)
After working hard for years, he managed to pay off his debts. (債已還清)
21.lie in=exist in 在于
All our hopes lie in you. Don't disappoint us.
The accident lies partly in the driver himself.
22.be connected with=be related to 與……有聯(lián)系；與……相連接
Africa is connected wint Asia at the spot where the Suez Canal was dug.
23.make use of利用
We make use of electricity erery day.
(1)在該詞組中的use前可以加good,full表達(dá)“好好或者充分”。如：
Scientists are making the fullest use of those waste materials.
(2)注意use可以被提出作主語形成被動(dòng)句。如：
Do you notice the use they make of time? 你注意到他們使用時(shí)間的情況嗎?
24.supply sth.to sb.=supply sb.with sth. = provide sth.for sb.=provide sb.with sth.把……供應(yīng)給……
We decide to supply textbooks to these children. =We decide to supply these children with textbooks.
The media supplies lots of information to us every day. =The media supplies us with lots of information every day.大眾傳播媒體每天把很多信息提供給我們。
They provided food and clothing for the poor. =They provide the poor with food and clothing.
25.reduce…to…降低……到……；使………成為
The enemy reduced their houses to ashes.
His speech reduced us to silence.
His words reduce everyone there to tears.
表示降低的百分比時(shí)常用by表達(dá)。如：reduce the price by 10 percent把價(jià)格降低10%，reduce the amount to 80%把數(shù)量減少到80。
26.far below=much lower than 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于，比……低得多
In winter the temperature of Harbin is far below that of Shanghai.
The production of their factory was far below the normal level last year.
27.that is to say=that is=in other words換句話說，也就是說
He will come on Wednesday, that is, on 5th January, 2000.
28.on warm winter days 在冬天暖和的日子里
29.make secret food stores for秘密儲(chǔ)藏食物
30.large/great quantities of=a large/great quantity of(修飾可數(shù)名詞或者不可數(shù)名詞)大量的。
You need drink great quantities of water.
【注意點(diǎn)】表達(dá)“少量的”用small quantities of,a small quantity of。注意當(dāng)quantities作主語時(shí)，不管后面是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語都用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
Large quantities of milk have gone bad.
31.describe…as…把……描述成……
Lesson 48
1.show off炫耀，買弄 2.put on 上演，穿上，戴上 3.as to 關(guān)于，至于
單元句型思路明晰
1.在本單元第46課中有這樣一句：A good many animals sleep under the snow.There is a lot of air in loose snow.這里用了兩個(gè)表很多的詞組，它們是a good many 和a lot of.它們能在換用嗎?
在本句不能換用。因?yàn)橛⒄Z中表示“許多”的詞語有許多，有的只可以修飾可數(shù)句詞，
有的只可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，有的既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：much,a great/good deal of,amount of,quite a little.
既修飾可數(shù)名詞又修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：a lot of,plenty of,a large quantity of,
a good supply of.
(1)many a +單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
more than one+單數(shù)名詞，one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
Many a man comes or goes.(=Many men come or go.)很多人來來往往。
One and a half apples is left on the table.桌子上留有一個(gè)半蘋果。
More than one student has been sent to Japan since 1990.自1990年以來，不只一個(gè)學(xué)生被送到日本學(xué)習(xí)。
(2)a great/good many作賓語時(shí)，其后一般不跟of，但若名詞前有形容詞性物主代詞，
如his,my和指示代詞these,those等時(shí)，則其后須加of.如：
A good many of my books were stolen yesterday.昨天，我的許多書被盜了。
(3)a number of修飾可數(shù)名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，而the number of表示“……的數(shù)目”，修飾名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)。如：
The number of the students is small in this school, but a large number of books are lent in the library.
這個(gè)學(xué)樣學(xué)生的數(shù)目很少，但可以在圖書室里借很多書。
(4)large amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。對(duì)比：
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.大的量的錢都花在了建橋上。
There is a large amount of work for us to do.大量的工作等待我們?nèi)プ觥?/p>
(5)a large quantity of+名詞或large quantities of+名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)
數(shù)與of后的名詞的數(shù)無關(guān)，而與quantity 的數(shù)要保持一致。如：
There is a large quantity of students in the classroom.教室里有許多學(xué)生。
Large quantities of food are on the table.桌上有很多吃的。
2.Do what you feel like! (Do what you feel like doing!)你想怎么玩就怎么玩吧!
feel like doing=would like to do 很想干……。如：
Do anyone feel like eating something? 有誰想吃點(diǎn)什么嗎?
3。Why don't you hire a car and drive around for a couple of weeks? 你為什么不租一輛汽車轉(zhuǎn)一兩個(gè)星期呢?
a couple of “兩個(gè)，幾”，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，只用于口語中。如：
We had walked a couple of miles before we knew. 我們不知不覺已走了幾英里。
She'll go abroad to start her own company in a couple of months.她幾個(gè)月后就要出國開辦自己的公司了。
4.Some warm-blooded animals,…they lead an active life…有些熱血?jiǎng)游铩鼈兩罨钴S……
(1)warm-blooded animals是由“形容詞/數(shù)詞+名詞-ed”構(gòu)成，用來說明事物的特征。 又如：
able-bodied person體格健全的人，cold-blooded animal冷血?jiǎng)游铮琩ouble-bedded room 有雙人床的房間,one-eyed man獨(dú)眼人，three-legged desk三條腿的桌子，white-haired girl白發(fā)女孩。
(2)lead/live+a/an+…+life過著……生活。如：
lead a poor (happy,hard,miserable,quiet)life過著貧窮(幸福、艱苦、悲慘，安靜)
的生活。
The Smiths have led an active life since their marriage.史密斯夫婦從結(jié)婚以來
一直過著快活的日子。
5.Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.于是別無選擇，只好躺下睡覺。 but在此句是介詞，作“除了……以外”(=except)解，常用于否定句中，構(gòu)成句型：have no choice but to do 除干……別無選擇。(對(duì)比：cannot choose but +do只有干……)。如：
He has no choice but to give it up=He cannot choose but give it up.他只有放
棄此事。
6.Hibernation is more than sheep. 冬眠不只是一般的睡眠。
more than在本句作“不止于此，不只是”(=not only)講。如：
China Daily is more than a newspaper. It helps to improve our English.《中國
日?qǐng)?bào)》不僅僅是一份報(bào)紙，它還有助于提高我們的英語水平。
This mobile phone is more than a telephone. It tells you time and weather.這種移動(dòng)電話不僅僅只是一部電話。它還能報(bào)告時(shí)間和天氣情況。
7.The second is connected with the main use the body makes of food…(=The second has something to do with the fact that body makes use of food…)第二是與身體利用食物的主要用途有關(guān)……。
(1)make use of 利用,使用/make good use of 好好利用/make full use of充分利用=make the best of.如：
You must make use of the unsold textbooks.你們必須利用未賣掉的教材。
(2)be connected with 與……有聯(lián)系。如：
His remarks were connected with the recent situation in the Middle East.他有言論同中東最近的形勢(shì)有關(guān)。
9.Some animals, including some bears, only half-hibernate.有些動(dòng)物，包括某些熊，只是半冬眠。
(1)including+名詞/代詞作同位語補(bǔ)充說明它前面的名詞，有字典把including歸類為
介詞。如：
The new traffic rules are made known to everyone,including children(=children included)對(duì)每個(gè)人，包括兒童在內(nèi)，都宣講了新的交通規(guī)則。
(2)half-hibernate“半冬眼”是復(fù)合動(dòng)詞。又如：
half-open半開，half-close半閉，half-cook半熟。
妙文賞析
How Do Frogs Breathe Under Water?
青蛙在水下呼吸的秘密是什么?
Under water, frogs breathe through their skins. A frog is an amphibian. That is to say it lives both on land and in water. It has lungs, but it has not ribs and therefore cannot expand its chest and suck air into its lungs as reptiles, birds and mammals do. On land air is drawn in and out of the frog's nostrils, which have valves in them, by pulsations of the floor of the mouth. The air is forced in and out of the lungs by contractions of the throat and body muscles. A frog's mouth is always kept tightly closed and the pulsations of the throat vary from 120-140 times a minute. Even on land the skin plays a greater part in breathing than the lungs. However,air can be absorbed only through a moist skin.
If the skin became too dry, the frog will die. Therefore the skin contains glands which secrete a clear mucus or slime whose function is to keep the skin moist and supple. The skin absorbs water as well as air, for frogs do not drink.
Frogs are cold-blooded. That means they are as warm or as cold as the air or water surrounding them. In winter they hibernate under water, where their body temperature falls, their bodily functions are kept at a minimum and breathing is carried on entirely through the skin.
注釋：amphibian兩棲動(dòng)物，reptiles爬行，mammals哺乳動(dòng)物，pulsation跳動(dòng)，gland腺，secrete分泌，mucus粘液，supple柔軟的
思維體操
同學(xué)們，下面的諺語首尾都一樣，你能給出恰當(dāng)?shù)臐h語嗎?
1.Dog does not eat dog.
2.Like will to like.
3.Live and let live.
4.Diamond cuts diamond.
5.Boys will be boys.
6.Money begets money.
7.Do as the Romans do.
8.Time is money, but money is not time.
9.Nothing for nothing.
答案：1.同室不操戈。2. 物以類聚，人以群分。3.待人寬容如待已 4. 強(qiáng)中更有強(qiáng)中手。(天外有天。) 5. 孩子總歸是孩子。6. 錢能生錢。7. 人鄉(xiāng)隨俗。8. 一寸光陰一寸金，寸金難買寸光陰。9. 不費(fèi)力氣，一無所獲。
二、 智能顯示
心中有數(shù)
單元語法發(fā)散思維
對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞邏輯主語的剖析
非謂語動(dòng)詞是不能做謂語的，但它具有動(dòng)語的特征，有自己的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，這個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者就是它的邏輯主語。
1.一般來說，當(dāng)句子的主語充當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語時(shí)，這很容易搞清。
Do you like to play chess with Uncle Wang after work? (動(dòng)詞不定式to play 的邏輯主語為you)
Little Tom should love to be taken to the theatre this evening. (動(dòng)詞不定式to be taken 的邏輯主語為Tom,表被動(dòng))
I haven't succeeded in stopping him from going. (動(dòng)名詞preventing作賓語，邏輯主語為I)
To our puzzle, he came in without being asked. (動(dòng)名詞being asked的邏輯主語為He,表被動(dòng))
Hearing the nwes that their team won the match, they all jumped with joy. (分
詞短語Hearing the news 的邏輯主語為they,表時(shí)間)
Seen, it can never be forgotten. (過去分詞seem的邏輯主語為it ，表被動(dòng))
2.非謂語動(dòng)詞邏輯主語的正確使用有助于我們區(qū)別非謂語動(dòng)詞的正確形式是被動(dòng)、主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行或者完成。當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)或定語時(shí)，非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，而是賓語或被修飾的詞。
On arriving there, we found him sitting in t he chair, happy. (sitting的邏輯主語是him, 表主動(dòng))
Did you find him seated in the chair? (seated的邏輯主語是him,表被動(dòng))
Do you have any letters(for me) to post? (to post的邏輯主語是me，for me可省)
Do you have any letters to be posted?
3.不定式的邏輯主語常用for sb.或of sb.來引起，句式是：It+be+for/of sb.to do sth.。(如：post的邏輯主語是letters，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)
It's not easy for us to write a composition within 30 minutes.
It's important for the students to work hard at all of their subjects.
4.特別需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是of引起的邏輯主語，當(dāng)前面的表語形容詞是說明邏輯主語的特征和特性時(shí)，如常用的形容詞有：clever,honest,foolish,nice,kind,stupid,wise 等。
It's foolish of you to say so. (You are foolish to say so.)
It's wise of him to go away. (He is wise to go away.)
5.有時(shí)不定式短語是對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行解釋，這時(shí)它作為獨(dú)立成分。常見的有:so to speak (可以說)，to tell you the truth (說真話)。如：To tell you the truth, I don't want to have noodles every day.
6.分詞的邏輯主語如不是該句的主語，須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即“邏輯主語+分詞”來表示。此時(shí)邏輯主語用名詞或代詞來表示。
It being hot, we decided to go swimming in the afternoon.
Time permitting, we'll visit your school in the near future.
7.但當(dāng)有分詞短語來解釋整個(gè)句子，作為獨(dú)立成分用時(shí)，沒有邏輯主語，常用的短語有:Generally speaking,supposing,judging from,talking about 等，它也不受原句主語的限制。
Supposing we lose our way, what shall we do next?
Judging from his accent(口音),he must be from the south.
【針對(duì)練習(xí)】
(1)It's important us learn a foreign language.
A.of;to B.for;that C.with;to D.for;to
(2)The nurse is kind me. It's kind her to help me to walk.
A.of;for B.for;of C.to;of D.to;for
(3)Do you dnow the boy under the big tree?
A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying
(4)They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood.
A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow
(5)I can't think of alone any longer.
A.you living B.you live C.you to live D.you are living
(6)I advised at once.
A.him to starting B.him to start C.to starting D.to start
(7) “Help!Help!”, these soldiers dashed out.
A.Having heard B.Hearing C.To hear D.Listening to
(8) you the truth,I'm not so keen(熱切的)on going.
A.To tell B.Telling C.To be told D.Tohave told
(9) to visit us made us feel very happy.
A.My uncle coming B.My uncle's coming
C.My uncle has come D.My uncle came
(10)I feel it an honour to speak before you all.
A.Weather permitted B.Weather permit
C.Weather permitting D.Weather being permitted
答案：(1)-(5)D C D A A (6)-(10) B B A B C
動(dòng)腦動(dòng)手
單元能力立體檢測(cè)
1.More than one student been sent to Japan since 1990.
More than one hundred students been sent to Japan since 1990.
A.have,have B.is,are C.have,has D.has,have
2.The number of the teachers in our college six hundred.
A number of teachers in this school from the countryside.
A.is,is B.is,are C.are,is D.are,are
3.Many a professor looking forward to visiting Germany now.
Many scientists studied animals and plants in the last two years.
A.is,have B.is,has C.are,have D.are,has
4.Large quantities of cotton shipped all over the world already.
A large quantity of bamboo used for pipes to carry water.
A.has been,are B.has been,is C.have been,is D.have been,are
答案：1-4DBAC
創(chuàng)新園地
短文改錯(cuò)
Ling-ling was one of the most popular animal in 1.
the world that wasn't a cartoon. And last week 2.
Ling-ling, the playful panda giving to the United 3.
States by China after Richard Nixon historical 1972 4.
visit, was found died of natural cause in her out-door. 5.
enclosure (圍籠)at the Washington National zoo. 6.
She was 23, an oldest panda in capitivity outside 7.
of China. Although Nixon never bothered visit them, 8.
Ling-ling and her mate Hsing-hsing were the zoo's top 9.
attraction. And now,sadly,there was only one. 10.
答案：1.animal鯽nimal's 2.And鯞ut 3.giving鰃iven 4.Nixon鯪ixon's 5.died鰀ead 6. 7.an鰐he 8.visit鰐o 9. 10was鰅s
三、 同步題庫
(一)單項(xiàng)填空
1.This lion is . It .
A.dangerous,dies B.in danger,is dying
C.danger,dies D.dangerous,is dying
2.Only by shouting at the top of his voice himself heard.
A.was he able to make B.he was able to make
C.did he be made D.he made
3.-I never know Miss Wang is.
-They say she is a nurse.
A.who B.what C.where D.whoever
4.The gas, man can't live, is called oxygen
A.with which B.with it
C.without which D.without that
5. the teacher's instructions and to put everything back when you have finished your experiment.
A.To follow;don't forgot B.Following;not to forget
C.Follow;not to forget D.Follow;don't forget
6.-You cooked us a wonderful meal, Mr Darnay.
- .I'm glad you enjoyed it.
A.It's not good at all B.Thank you
C.I don't think so D.No.just so so
7.-What colour are you going to get the tables ?
-Different colours.
A.painted B.to pain
C.to be painted D.painting
8.Yesterday we dug out .
A.a buried box o coins B.a burying box of coins
C.a box of coin for burying D.a box of coins to bury
9. .Tod, just show him the cheapest.
A.Whatever he put on B.No matter what he put on
C.No matter what he's wearing D.What he is having on
10.Einstein found hard the other boys.
A.it;getting on with B.it;to get along with
C.that;getting along with D.that;to get on with
(二)完形填空
When I was about 12, I had an“enemy”, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings. Week by week her list (1): I was very thin, I wasn't a good student, I talked (2), I was too proud, and so on. I tried to (3) all this as long as I (4). At last,I became very angry, I ran to my (5)with tears in my eyes.
He listened to me (6).Then he asked,“Are the things she says(7)-or not? Janet, ditdn't you ever wonder(8)you're really like? Well, you now have that(9)opinion. Go and make a list of everything she (10)and mark the points that are true. Pay(11)attention to the other things she said.”
I did as he told me. (12)my great surprise,I discovered that about half the things were true.Some of them I couldn't (13)(like being very thin).But a good number I could-and suddenly I wanted to change. For the first time I got a fairly clear picture of(14).I brought the (15)back to Daddy. He (16)to take it.“That's just for you,”he said.“You know(17)than anyone else the truth about youself. But you have to (18)to listen,not just close your ears in anger and feeling(19).When something said about you(20)true, you'll find it will be(21)help to you, Our world is(22)of people who think they know your duty. Don't shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the(23)and do what you know(24)the right thing to do.”
Daddy's(25)has returned to me at many important moments.In my list,I've never had a better piece of advice.
1.A.grew B.grows C.grown D.was grown
2.A.too many B.more C.too much D.much too
3.A.accept B.promise C.do D.bear
4.A.can B.could C.might D.should
5.A.mother B.father C.brother D.uncle
6.A.angrily B.carelessly C.sadly D.quietly
7.A.wrong B.good C.true D.necessary
8.A.what B.that C.who D.whom
9.A.student B.enemy's C.his D.girl's
10.A.told B.said C.asked D.ordered
11.A.some B.more C.no D.much
12.A.In B.With C.To D.By
13.A.change B.bear C.take D.find
14.A.myself B.me C.ourselves D.opinions
15.A.list B.picture C.shortcomings D.opinions
16.A.wanted B.refused C.decided D.hoped
17.A.well B.much C.better D.most
18.A.plan B.promise C.study D.learn
19.A.wounded B.hurt C.injured D.injuring
20.A.is B.was C.were D.are
21.A.in B.for C.of D.with
22.A.filled B.full C.filling D.crowded
23.A.thing B.wrong C.mistakes D.truth
24.A.were B.was C.is D.are
25.A.advice B.permission C.list D.duty
(三)閱讀理解
(A)
A Disagreement of Cultures
In May 1981 the Prince(親王)of Wales came to the White House for an informal visit before a dinner the following evening.When Prince Charles arrived in the OVAL(橢圓)Office,a service woman asked him whether he wanted coffee or tea.He asked for tea, and a trey was set beside him.
After a few minutes, I noticed the prince staring rather puzzlingly into his cup,and I thought he seemed a little troubled,he just kept holding the cup up and looking into it,and eventually put it down without drinking anything.Finally,it dawned on me:he had been given a cup containing a tea bag.I thought,well maybe he had never seen one before.After my discovery,I decided to keep quiet,and I asked him about it the following night.
“I just didn't know what to do with the little bag,”he said.
1. met Prince Charles in the White House before the dinner.
A.A service woman B.An American President
C.A government official D.We have no idea who
2.From the passage, we know .
A.the White House is part of the Oval Office
B.the Oval Office is part of the White House
C.the Oval Office is a meeting room only
D.the Oval Office is used as the presiden't office only
3.Prince Charles didn't drind anything because .
A.he disliked the tea served
B.the little bag puzzled him a lot
C.he thought the little bag in the cup was unclean
D.he wanted to know that was in the bag.
4.The expression“It dawned on me”in the passage probably means .
A.I began to realize his idea
B.I found he was given a cup with a tea bag
C.I was sure that he was in trouble of tea
D.I suddenly had a clear idea of it
(B)
Smoking and Cancer
Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes every year, that is, every person in the country, aged 18 or more, smoked about 4195 cigarettes a year. It has been reported that 51% of American men smoke while 34% of American women do so.
Since 1939,scientific have shown time and again that smoking does great harm to one's health and that it will shorten one's life.
Cigarette smoking is believed to most researchers in this field an important cause in the development of lungs and throat cancers and is believed to have much to do with some other kinds of cancers.Cigarette smokers suffer from the illness of the heart more often than those who don't smoke.they usually don't breathe in the smoke so deeply.Most of the doctors and researchers consider that there experiments have proved to their satisfaction and say,“Give up smoking.If you don't smoke-don't start!”
Filters(過濾嘴)are required now to make smoking a bit safer,but they can only reduce, cannot get rid of,its poison.
A number of doctors and researchers believe that cancers of the lungs, the throat and so on may also be caused by air pollution, or chemical poison that is now being used by farmers in large quantities to destroy plant pests and small animals.
5. each smoke about 4195 cigarettes a year.
A.Americans B.Ameerican men
C.American women D.Americans aged 18 or more
6.It is believed by many researchers that cancers of the lungs and the throat
are caused by smoking.
A.mainly B.partly C.in some way D.sooner or later
7.Those who don't smoke suffer from the illness of the heart .
A.more often B.liss often C.more of less D.sooner or later
8.Doctors and researchers advise that .
A.We should smoke filter cigarettes
B.We should not breathe in the smoke deeply when smoking
C.smokers should give up smoking and non-smokers shouldn'tstart smoking.
D.those who smoke less
9.From the passage we come to know that people may also die from .
A.polluted air B.chemicals
C.pests D.any of the above a,b and C
(四)根據(jù)漢語意思寫出句中所缺單詞的正確形式
1.Lu Xun was more than a writer,he was also a (革命者)。He died for his motherland.
2.His (解釋)for being late was not reasonable.He was telling a lie, I think.
3.She was a (熱心腸的)woman,for she was very kind to us.
4.Sports and games help to build our bodies and (品質(zhì))as well.
5.A group of (意大利)soldiers were advancing toward the position of the enemy.
(五)短文改錯(cuò)
Hank was now out of work,so he had some difficulties in 1.
support his large family.He often visited Mr. Baker on 2.
Sunday,told him about his troubles and asked for two and 3.
three pounds.A day,after telling Mr Baker a long story of 4.
his troubles,Hank asked five pounds,Mr Baker,a man with 5.
a kind heart,found it difficult to refuse the money,though 6.
he himself was rich.Then he asked,“I understand your” 7.
difficulties, Hank. I'd like to help you. And I'm not 8.
going to give you five pounds at this time. I'll lend you 9.
the money,and you may give me off next time you see me.” 10.
Hank took the money but he never appeared again.
(六)書面表達(dá)
去年是世界環(huán)境保護(hù)年，你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)寫一篇議論文，談?wù)勀銓?duì)環(huán)境污染的看法。(字?jǐn)?shù)：100-120)
1.當(dāng)今污染已成為全球問題。空氣ズ雍！⑼寥賴奈廴徑勻死嗪投物十分有害。
2.列舉2-3種污染的原因以及產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)重后果。
3.希望人們都采取有效辦法，控制污染、凈化環(huán)境、保護(hù)生態(tài)平衡。
注意：文章應(yīng)包括上述要點(diǎn)，但不要逐字翻譯，語言通順。
答案：(一)1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.B
(二)1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.A 21.C 22.B 23.B 24.C 25.A
(三)1.B 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A
(四)1.revolutionary 2.explanation 3.warm-hearted 4.character 5.Italian
(五)1.difficulties 改為difficulty 2.support 改為supporting 3.第二個(gè)and改為or 4.A改為one 5.asked后加for 6.ˇ 7.rich 改為poor 8.And 改為But 9.去掉 at 10.give改為pay
(六)In the world today,pollution has become a serious problem facing Man and
his planet.The air,seas,rivers and land have been polluted by all kinds of waste and poisonous matter.It does great harm not only to cause many factories have poisonous smoke sent out into the air.Fish died from polluted water.It is reported that strange diseases have appeared in many places because of pollution.I hope that all the people in the world will take necessary steps and effective measures to solve this seriors problem.We are looking forward to the coming of the day when we see pollution effectively controlled and air cleaned.It is indeeded our urgent task to do everything possible to protect our ecological environment and to keep nature in good balance.