1. time構成的短語
①for the first time第一次，初次，用作時間狀語。
e.g. He came to China for the first time.
②the first time 第一次，首次，用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句。
e.g. The first time I met him, he was helping friends with their chemistry.
③當句子里有This/It/That is the first/second/third/last/best… time結構時，要用現在完成時。
e.g. This is the third time you’ve asked me the same question.
④time作次數解時為一可數名詞。
He failed his driving test five times.
I have told you not to be late a dozen times.
2. There you are! 行了，好了。這是一句表示一種事情告一段落或有了最終結果的用語。例如：
There you are! Then let’s have some coffee.
除此以外，還可以表示“瞧，對吧（果然如此）”的語氣。例如：
There you are! I knew we should find it at last. 對吧！我就知道我們最終能找到的。
3. must表示推測,作“一定，肯定”解，只能用在肯定句中。在否定句中應用can’t。 may和 might表示推測時，意思是“可能”。否定形式也是can’t。may not 或might not 表示“可能不”。mustn’t 表示“堅決不許做某事”。
e.g. (1) This must be your room.
這一定是你的房間了。
(2) They must be waiting for us. Let’s hurry up.
他們一定在等我們，快點走。
(3) He can’t be telling the truth.
他說的不可能是真話。
(4) Our teacher may not be in the office. It is late.
我們的老師可能不在辦公室了。天已經晚了。
(5) You mustn’t smoke in the classroom.
你不許在教室吸煙。
(6) The manager may go to attend the meeting. I am not quite sure.
4. majority n. 多數,大部分。作主語，強調整體時，使用單數動詞；若強調團體中的每個分子，則動詞用復數形式。
The majority is (are ) against the plan.
大多數人都反對這個計劃。
majority常用于a/the majority of … ……的多數。
The majority of his books are kept upstairs.
他的大部分書收藏在樓上。
The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.
大多數醫生認為吸煙對健康有害。
The majority of people seem to enjoying watching the football game.
大多數人似乎都喜歡看足球賽。
major adj. 主要的；重要的；一流的
majority與 most的比較：
majority n. 常與冠詞連用，表示“……中的大多數”用a/the majority of + 名詞或代詞。 most用作不定代詞或形容詞，表示“大多數”可用most + 名詞或most of + the + 名詞或most of + 代詞。
e.g. A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.
Most people seem to prefer TV to radio.
Most of the people seem to prefer TV to radio.
大多數人似乎都喜歡看電視而不喜歡聽收音機。
Most of them speak English.
他們中的大多數人說英語。
Most classical music sends me to sleep.
古典音樂我大多聽著聽著就睡著了。
It rained for the most of the summer.
夏天大部分時間都下雨。
5. total n. 總數。in total = in all = altogether總共，總計。
That will cost you 7.50 pounds in total.
你總共要花7.50英磅。
In total, there are 250.000 books in the library.
圖書館里總共有二十五萬冊圖書。
adj. 整個的，全部的，總數的。
What is the total cost of our trip to the seaside?
v. 總數為，加起來是。
The money left totals only $15. How can we get back home?
6. equal adj. 相等的，相同的，同樣的
Cut the cake into six equal pieces.
All men are born equal.
be equal to 和……相等，相當于
Tom is equal to John in height
n. 同等的人或平等的人或物。
e.g. Women should be equals of men.
Jane has no equal in physics.
I am not his equal at skiing.
v. 等于，和……相等
e.g. No one else in the restaurant equals his service.
Two and two equals four.
None of us can equal her as a dancer.
7. a number of和the number of
兩者后面都加可數名詞的復數，但是意思不一樣。
a number of 指很多，大量的；引導的名詞短語做主語，動詞是復數形式， the number of 指……的數量，引導的名詞短語做主語，動詞是單數形式。
e.g. A number of students are waiting outside the school gate.
The number of the students waiting outside is 30.
8. besides, except, except for, except that的區別
besides意思是“除……之外（還有）…..”,其內涵是“加上”。
e.g. Do you know other language besides German?
Li Lei also went to the park besides you.
except意思是“除……之外”，其內涵是“減去”。從 整體中排除。它前面常有all, every, any, no及其復合詞。
e.g. Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.
The students go to school every day except on Saturday and Sunday.
except for 是在說明整體的基本情況后，再對細節加以糾正，其后一般加名詞。
e.g. Your composition is well-written except for some spelling mistakes.
except that (wh-) 其后需加從句，用來表示理由或細節，修正前面所說的情況。可以與except for互換。
e.g. Your composition is well-written except that there are some spelling mistakes.
I usually go to school by bike except when it rains.
9. stay up 不睡覺，熬夜，不倒塌。
The student stayed up all night to study.
Tell him to stay up until I get home.
Some strong houses stayed up in the earthquake.
10. have difficulty(in) doing做某事有困難（費力）。
eg. (1) Do you have any difficulty in learning English?
你學英語很吃力嗎？
(2) Everyone in the town knew him , so we had no difficulty in finding his house.
城里人人都認識他，所以，我們毫不費力地找到了他的家。
如果difficulty后接名詞時，名詞前面要加with，即have difficulty with something。同樣的用法還有：be busy doing something, be busy with something。help somebody (to) do something, help somebody with something。
另外，difficulty還可以用trouble或problem替換。
11.come about（某情況）發生
Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel comes about.
有時候很難解釋爭吵發生的原因。
I will never understand how it came about that you were on hour late on such a short journey.
我真不懂這么短的路程你怎么會遲到一個小時。
表示“發生”的動詞和動詞詞組還有：happen, take place, break out等。這些動詞或動詞詞組都是不及物動詞的性質，因此，都沒有被動語態。
12.more or less或多或少
e.g. I’ve more or less finished reading the book.
It took more or less a whole day to paint the ceiling.
I can earn $ 20 , more or less, as a waiter.
類似的短語還有：sooner or later, this or that, here and there
13.end up 最后有某種結局，最后成了，結束。
The meeting end up with the singing of The Internationale.
He ended up as the head of the firm.
14. widely和wide
wide有形容詞和副詞兩種詞性。
widely只有副詞的詞性。但是作為副詞，wide指的是具體的寬，widely指的是抽象意義上的廣泛地。
e.g. He opened his eyes wide when he saw me in Paris.
Computer is widely used in China nowadays.
同樣的區別還有：high, highly, deep, deeply, close, closely, late, lately