科目 英語

年級 高一

文件　high1 unit23.1.doc

標題 Rescuring the Temple

章節 第二十三單元

關鍵詞 高一英語第二十三單元

內容

一、教法建議

【拋磚引玉】

單元雙基學習目標

Ⅰ . 詞匯學習

at breakfast , edge , in danger , regularly , mark , face ( v . ) , god , Africa , East Africa , flood , level , figure , date from , rebuild , effort , make a good effort , extra , temple , Egypt , dam , pyramid

Ⅱ . 交際英語

提供建議

1 . There are several thing we could do .

2 . Can't we… ?

3 . Maybe we could…

4 . How about… ?

5 . I think we should do that another day .

6 . You'd ( we'd ) better…

征求意見 What shall we do ?

意愿 I'd prefer to do…

偏愛 I'd like to do…

判斷 I think that's a good idea .

Ⅲ . 語法學習

非限制性定語從句

定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。

限制性定語從句不用逗號和主句分開，是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，關系十分密切，若省，主句的意思就不完整。

I was the only person in the office who was invited .

非限制性定語從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開。非限制性定語從句是先行詞或整個主句的附加說明，關系不十分密切，若省，主句的意思仍然清楚。

He is her father , who is a doctor .

關系代詞 which 和 as 可以指代它前面整個句子的意思，引導非限制性定語從句。

He was late again , which made his teacher angry .

As everybody knows , all that glitters is not gold .

【指點迷津】

一冠之差 意義迥異

※定冠詞的作用非同小可。

1 . go to church 去做禮拜，go to the church 去教堂。如：

While going to the church , he met with many people who would go to church .

2 . go to hospital 去看病，go to the hospital 去醫院。如：

Mary went to hospital because she didn't feel well .

He went to the hospital to see his sick aunt .

3 . go to sea = become a sailor 當水手，go to the sea 到海濱度假。

When he was a boy , his greatest wish was to go to sea .

It's windy and we can't go to the sea . That's a pity .

4 . out of question 毫無疑問，out of the question 不可能，辦不到的，不必談的。如：

He is an honest man and his honesty is out of question .

He is too young . It is out of the question for him to support a large family .

5 . in front of 在 ( 某范圍外的 ) 前面，in the front of 在 ( 某范圍內的 ) 前部。如：

He is sitting in the front of the classroom , reading a foreign novel while the others are playing football in front of the teaching building .

6 . take place 發生，take the place of 取代，代替。如：

Mr . Jin , who will take the place of Mike , knows how . the accident take place .

※ 不定冠詞不可忽視。

1 . at a time 每次，一次，at times 有時，不時。如：

Please pass me the bricks two at a time .

At college we had a class - meeting at times .

2 . have a word with sb . 與……談話，have words with sb . 與……爭吵。如：

Can I have a word with you ?

He is a cross man . He often has words with his neighbours .

3 . on fire 失火，on a fire 在火上。如：

They are eating something that were cooked on a fire .

4 . take a turn 兜一圈，take turns 依次，輪流。如：

They took a turn in the park on a bike and went home .

They take turns to look after the old lady .

二、學海導航

【學法指要】

單元重點詞匯點撥

1 . level 水平線；水平

The mountain is 8000 feet above sea level . 此山海拔高度為8000英尺。

2 . effort 努力，艱難的嘗試

He made an effort to finish his work . 他努力完成他的工作。

I'll make every effort to help you . 我將盡力幫助你。

Tom made a big effort to move the rock . 湯姆花了很大的勁去搬那塊大石頭。

3 . extra 額外的，外加的

I must buy extra bread because friends are coming to tea . 我必須再買些面包，因為朋友們要來吃茶點。

I don't suppose they want any extra help . 我認為他們不需要額外的幫助。

Dinner costs ￡ 3 , and wine is extra . 飯錢是三英磅，酒錢另加。

4 . flood 洪水 ( 常用復數 ) ( 使 ) 淹沒；泛濫

When the water went down again after the floods , a lot of rich soil was left in the fields .

The river was in flood .

First , the River Nile used to flood large areas at the same time every day .

In Egypt , the Nile used to flood every year .

Our street floods whenever we have rain .

5 . mark 標明；作記號于 ( 常與 with 連用 ) 記號；標記

… each stone was marked with a number .

mark one's clothes with one's name

a horse with a white mark on its head

6 . face 面向；朝向

Inside the temple is a row of stone animals , which face the rising sun .

Turn round and face me .

The building faces north / towards the north .

7 . regularly 規則地；經常地

The new dam controls the waters of the Nile so that they now run regularly all through the year .

Take the medicine regularly three times a day .

We meet regularly to discuss business .

單元詞組思維運用

1 . be on holiday 在度假；休假

2 . at breakfast 早餐時；在吃早飯

She was at breakfast when I called her yesterday .

3 . feel like ( doing ) sth . 想 / 愿意做某事

I don't feel like ( drinking ) beer tonight .

4 . on the edge of 在……邊的緣

The temple is on the edge of the lake that has been made by the dam .

Don't put that glass on the edge of the table ; it might fall off .

2 . rise by… 增加 / 提高 / 升高了…；以…的幅度升高 / 提高

rise to 增加 / 提高 / 升高到…

As a result of the dam , the water level of the lake was going to rise

The water level rose to 63 meters .

6 . in danger 在危險中

These temples were in danger .

He had a car accident . His life is in danger .

注：在in danger 這一詞組中不能加不定冠詞 a，因為 danger 是作為不可數名詞，但在 danger 前可以加上 no 或 great 和形容詞構成 in no danger , in great danger 等詞組，in danger 的反義詞組是 out of danger。

These two countries are at war . Their people are in great danger .

Don't worry about your son . He is out of danger now .

7 . date from ( = date back to ) 屬于 ( 某一歷史時期 ) ；始于 ( 某一歷史時期 )

…there dress dates from the 19th century .

My interest in stamp collecting dates from my school days .

8 . in all ( = in total ) 總共

In all , 1 , 700 workers and 200 other people worked on the project .

There were 20 people in all in the party .

9 . make a ( n ) … effort to do sth . 盡力做某事

Please make an effort to arrive early .

The prisoner made no effort to escape .

The people made a good effort to work on the project .

10 . interesting places - places of interest 游覽勝地

There are plenty of interesting places to visit in my hometown .

11 . in groups 分組地，成群結隊地

They were discussing the plan for their trip in groups .

12 . stone by stone 一塊石頭一塊石頭地

13 . all through - 在整個……時期中，自始至終，在整個……范圍內

The baby cried all through the night .

There was silence all through the room . 屋里一片沉默。 ( 表示范圍 )

14 . rush through - 掠過， ( 使 ) 快速通過；匆忙做完

Electricity can now be made from the water which rushes through the base of the dam . 從水壩底部急速流出的水現在可用來發電。

A strange idea rushed through my mind .

I had to rush through breakfast in order to catch my train .

15 . at the base - 在底部

We camped at the base foot of the mountain .

He built a house at the base of the mountain .

16 . at the top - 在頂部；居首位

It is 980 metres wide at the base and 40 metres wide at the top . 它 ( 水壩 ) 底部寬980米，頂部寬40米。

The tree grows up straight and thin , with branches at the top .

He is at the top of his class . 他在班上名列前茅。

17 . as a result of - 由于……；因……的結果

As a result of the dam , the water level of the lake rose by 63 metres . 由于這座壩 ( 筑壩的結果 ) ，使該湖的水位上升了63米。

As a result of the forest , the cold wind reduced its power .

注意①as a result of 是個介詞短語，與其意義及用法相同的是“as the result of”，但 as a result of 用得較多些。

②as a result 意為“結果，因此”，在句中作插入語。如：

The workers worked harder than ever . As a result , the output of the iron and steel company went up rapidly .

18 . from across… - 從……的對面

Today you can either fly to Abu Simbel or you can take a boat from across the lake . 今天你既可以乘飛機去阿布辛波古廟，也可以從湖的對岸乘小船過去。

I saw you first from across the street .

He said hello to me from across the room .

19 . make a good effort - 作很大的努力

I will make a good effort to help you .

The wounded soldier made a good effort to stand up .

單元難點疑點思路明晰

1 . The dam , which is the biggest in the world , is 3 , 830 metres long . It is 980 metres wide at the base and 40 metres wide at the top . 這座水壩是世界上最大的一座，長3，830米，底部寬980米，頂部寬40米。

表示計量的句型的常用結構形式：“主 + 謂 + 數詞 + 表示單位的名詞 + 形容詞”用來表示“某物有多長 ( 寬、深、高 ) 等，又如：

The wall is three metres high .

The stick is five inches long .

The hole is seven feet deep .

The river is half a mile wide .

The boy is eight years old .

2 . Can't we visit the High Dam ? 我們去看大壩好嗎 ?

以否定形式提問的疑問句叫否定疑問句，這種疑問句包括一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的結構。句中的 not 可以和有關的 be , have 以及助動詞、情態動詞結合，構成～n't 形式放在主語之前。

一般否定疑問句往往①表示懷疑、驚訝、責備。②邀請或征求意見等意義，實質上它具有強烈的“肯定”意味。問者希望對方給以肯定的答復。又如：

Can't you come over and join us ? 你就不能過來和我們作伴嗎 ? ( 表示征求意見 )

Won't you sit down . 請坐。 ( 表示邀請 )

Can't you ( really ) ride a bicycle ?

你 ( 真的 ) 不會騎自行車嗎 ? ( 驚訝，不相信 )

Can't you shut the door behind you ? 你難道不能隨手關門嗎 ? ( 責備，不期望得到回答 )

Don't you remember that holiday we had in Beijing ? 難道你不記得我們在北京的度假嗎 ? ( 驚訝 )

Won't you help me ? 難道你不會幫助我嗎 ? ( 表示不相信 )

Mustn't we leave now ? 難道我們現在一定不能走嗎 ? ( 表示驚訝，不相信 )

Haven't you forgotten something ? 難道你們沒忘記什么嗎 ?

Haven't we cleaned the room already ? 難道我們沒有把房間打掃干凈 ?

3 . As a result of the dam , the water level of the lake was going to rise by 63 metres . 由于興建水壩，湖面將會提高63米。

by 在此處表示增減程度。如：

He is older by five years than Tom .

The price has been increased by 2 yuan .

Production fell by about one - third .

Line AB is by 4 feet longer than Line CD .

My father missed the train by three minutes .

4 . It was carved in the rock and had on the outside four large stone figures , each of which was 20 metres high . 這座廟鑿雕在巖石中，外邊有四尊大型石雕像，每個高20米。

①句中的 each of which was 20 metres high 是一個非限制性從句。句中 had 的賓語是 four large stone figures . 把狀語 on the outside 放在賓語前，是為了強調石像的位置。each 是個代詞，each of which = each of the four figures。這種定語從句是由“名詞 ( 代詞或數詞 ) + 介詞 + 關系代詞”來引導的。又如：

In his house there are three rooms . each of which has a bed .

They lived in a house , the door of which opens to the south .

China has hundreds of island , the largest of which is Taiwan .

These books , two of which I have read , are interesting .

②除了 of which 外，還有 of whom 這種句型。即：“名詞 / 代詞 / 數詞 + of whom。”

There are around 100 teachers in our school , most of whom are women .

These girls , the youngest of whom is my sister , will dance a waltz for us .

Her brothers , both of whom ( three of whom ) work in Scotland , ring her up every week .

③除了上述所舉的名詞、代詞、數詞外，some , all , none , several , few 等詞都可接 of + which / whom 的句型。

5 . Then anyone who wants to can go for a walk round Aswan after the boat trip . 那么，想乘船去的人，就可以在乘船旅游后到阿斯旺各處去走走。

①句中的 who wants to 是個定語從句，用來修飾 anyone。

②to 后面省掉了前面提到的“to take a boat on River Nile . ”英語中有些動詞，如：want , hope , like 等之后，為了行文簡潔，避免重復 嗦，往往用 to 來代表不定式或不定式短語的內容。又如：

I went there because I wanted to . ( to = to go there )

I meant to go but forgot to . ( to = to go )

If you'd like to .

6 . All the visitors who go there believe that it was right that the temple was rescued . 去那兒參觀的人都認為拯救這座古廟是做得對的。

①這是一個復合句。主句是 All the visitor…believe… , 主句的主語 visitors 后跟一個定語從句 who go there 來修飾主語。主句謂語動詞 believe 后又跟一個較長的由連詞 that 引起的賓語從句…that it was right that the temple was rescued . 在這個賓語從句中 it 是形式主語，真正的主語是第二個 that 引導的從句 the temple was rescued。

②it is right 可接 that 從句，也可接不定式短語 to，也可接“for + 代詞 ( 名詞 ) + “不定式”的復合不定式三種句型。例如：

It was right that the temple was rescued . = It was right to rescue the temple = It was right for us to rescue the temple .

【妙文賞析】

A Stranger's Gift

When a man named Vengalil Menon ( 1897 - 1974 , Minister of National Defence of India from 1957 to 1962 ) first arrived in New Delhi , India , to look for a job in government , all his possessions ( 財物 ) were stolen at the railway station . He would have to return home on foot , defeated . In desperation ( 絕望 ) he turned to an elderly gentleman , explained his troubles , and asked for a loan of 15 rupees ( 借15個盧比 ) . The gentleman gave him the money . When Menon asked for an address so that he could later pay back the rupees , the gentleman wouldn't give it . He said the help had come from a stranger , and was to be repaid ( 償還 ) to a stranger . Menon never forgot that debt and eventually earned a reputation ( 名望 ) for his charity ( 慈善 ) work .

Some time ago I was in the Bombay Airport ( 孟買機場 ) at the baggage counter , trying to get back my bags . But I had no Indian money left , and the man would not accept a traveller's check . A stranger standing beside me paid the fee for me - about 89 cents . He then told me the story of Menon in refusing my attempt ( 嘗試 ) to find out how to repay him . His father , he explained , had been Menon's asistant .

From a nameless gentleman to an Indian civil servant ( 公務員 ) to his assistant to the assisant's son and to me , a foreigner in a moment of trouble , though the gift was not of great value , its giver's spirit is priceless .

【思維體操】

下面的句子都需要用“走”的英譯，請你試一試：

1 . I see you're today .

2 . This please . 請這邊走。

3 . We with our feet . 我們用腳走路。

4 . He by me . 他從我身旁走過。

5 . this road to the corner . 沿這條街走到拐角。

6 . He wanted to Tom from school . 他想把湯姆從學校攆走。

7 . The clock well . 這鐘走時很準。

8 . My watch has . 我的表不走了。

9 . He was by water . 他被水沖走了。

10 . Remember to take your book when you . 走時別忘了把你的書帶走。

11 . It would be necessary to 53 , 000 people from their villages . 這就需要把53，000 人從他們所住的村莊遷走。

12 . You I will catch up with you . 你先走，我一會兒來追你。

13 . The wind my hat off . 風把我的帽子吹走了。

14 . As the guests out of the car , we to greet them . 來賓從車里走了出來，我們走上前去迎接。

15 . I must through the night . 我得走一夜。

16 . He jumped on his bicycle and . 他跳上自行車就騎走了。

17 . Can you tell me to the museum , please ? 請問到博物館怎么走 ?

18 . I must now . 我現在該走了。

答案：1 . on foot 2 . way 3 . walk 4 . passed 5 . Follow 6 . send , away 7 . works 8 . stopped 9 . washed 10 . take , leave 11 . more 12 . go on / ahead 13 . blew 14 . stopped , came up 15 . travel 16 . rode away 17 . the way 18 . be off 或 be leaving

三、智能顯示

【心中有數】

單元語法發散思維

學習定語從句應注意的幾個問題

①關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語動詞是用單數還是復數應由先行詞決定。

The boy who lives in the next door swims very well .

The students who are in Class Three are now doing experiment .

②引導定語從句的關系副詞可以用“介詞 + which”來代替。例如：

Is this the house in which ( = where ) they left .

③當定語從句中的謂語動詞是帶介詞或副詞的短語動詞時，不可把短語動詞的各個部分拆開。例如：

Those are the children whom Aunt Li is looking after .

The house which you are looking for is at the other end of the street .

④注意介詞與關系代詞的位置：介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用 which 和 whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾時，關系代詞可用 which , that , whom , who，且可省略。例如：

This is the drawer in which I put my letters .

= This is the drawer ( which ) I put my letters in .

Have you seen the pen with which I wrote letters this morning ?

= Have you seen the pen ( which ) I wrote letters with this morning ?

Is he Li Ping to whom you talked after lunch ?

= Is he Li Ping ( whom ) you talked to after lunch ?

⑤關系代詞和關系副詞在從句中充當一個成分，注意在從句中避免句子成分的重復出現。例如：

The woman that you saw her in the park is our English teacher ( 錯 )

The woman that you saw in the park is our English teacher . ( 對 )

This is the classroom where we have our classes in . (錯 )

This is the classroom where we have our class . ( 對 )

【動手動腦】

單元能力立體檢測

填入適當的介詞，完成句子。

1 . ______ what reason did you force him to leave ?

2 . Marx wrote articles in English ______ an American newspaper .

3 . He was highly praised ______ his good work .

4 . It rained so much that there was enough grass ______ sheep and cows .

5 . Who suggested the plan ______ our trip ?

6 . He was already ______ his sixties in the 1920's .

7 . Does the church play an important part ______ people's lives there ?

8 . Is the bridge ______ danger because of the flood ?

9 . The temple at Abu Simbel was carved ______ the rock .

10 . Do you have any problem ______ English pronunciation ?

11 . The speech began with a famous poem and closed ______ a well-known old saying .

12 . They are having a friendly talk ______ each other .

13 . Each room is marked ______ a number .

14 . It is thought that the old temple dated ______ the year of 1806 .

15 . Almost half of the electricity they need is produced ______ the Nile .

16 . The big stones were moved one ______ one to the new place for the temple .

17 . We were told that the price had risen ______ 50%

18 . What do you know the people there mainly live ______ ?

19 . In all , two thousand young men worked ______ the project .

20 . It is strange that the tower is two metres wide ______ the base and five metres wide at the top .

答案與簡析：1 . For . for…reason 是固定搭配，意為“因……原因”。2 . for . write articles for…意為“為 / 給……撰稿”，write to…表示“給……寫信”。3 . for , praise sb . for… 意為“因……表揚某人”。4 . for . 意為“對于”，這是 for 的一個常用意思”。5 . for , plan for…意為“……的計劃”。6 . in . in one's sixties 表示“六十多歲”。7 . in . play a part in…是固定短語，意為“在……中起作用”。8 . in . in danger / trouble / difficulty 均為介詞短語，in 表示“處于……之中”；9 . in。阿布辛波的那座寺廟鑿雕在巖石中，這是事實。10 . with。表示“問題 / 毛病”意義的詞，如 the matter , problem , trouble , difficulty , wrong 等之后常接 with , with 說明誰或什么有問題 / 毛病。11 . with . close with…是固定搭配，意為“以……結束”。12 . with . 意為“與，同”。13 . with . be marked with…意為“標著……”。類似的有 be filled with ( 裝著 ) ，be covered with ( 蓋著 ) 等。14 . from . date from 是固定搭配，意為“始于”。15 . from。表示來源，意為“從”。16 . by . one by one 意為“一個一個地”。17 . by。表示增 / 減的程度。18 . on . live on…表示“以……為生”。19 . on . work on 意為“從事于”。20 . at , at the base 如同 at the bottom / end / foot .

【創新園地】

請用適當的完成下列句子，使上下意思不變。

1 . He went to high school and then went on with his studies at university .

He ______ his studies at a university ______ high school .

2 . The box is so heavy that nobody can move it away .

It is ______ a ______ box that nobody can move it away .

3 . Yang Mei is talking with her teacher .

Yang Mei ______ her teacher ______ ______ a talk .

4 . I'm British , but I'm not English .

I'm ______ ______ , but I'm not ______ ______ .

5 . It lies to the north of England . It ______ to the north of England .

6 . I don't know , he doesn't know , either .

______ I ______ he ______ .

7 . Potatoes rot away in the soil .

Potatoes ______ ______ in the soil .

8 . The Irish like music and poems very much .

The Irish ______ very ______ ______ music and poems .

9 . The Whites are spending their holidays in Egypt .

The Whites ______ are ______ in Egypt .

10 . I'd like to go shopping .

I'd like to ______ ______ shopping .

11 . The project went on for 4 years and took one billion US dollars .

The project ______ 4 years and _______ one billion US dollars .

12 . I would like to have a drink .

I ______ ______ ______ a drink .

答案：1 . continued , after 2 . such , heavy 3 . and , are having 4 . from Britain from England 5 . is 6 . Neither , nor , knows 7 . went bad 8 . are , fond of 9 . family , on holiday 10 . do some 11 . lasted , cost 12 . feel like having