科目 英語(yǔ)

年級(jí) 高一

文件　high1 unit21.doc

標(biāo)題 unit21

章節(jié) 第二十一單元

關(guān)鍵詞 高一英語(yǔ)第二十一單元

內(nèi)容

一、目的與要求：

掌握本單元出現(xiàn)的單詞和詞組：meaning, woodcutter, homeland, master, freely, peasant, unit, progress, native, force, base, revolutionary, limited, rapid, article, praise, encourage, situation, spirit, translate, university, degree, communism, social, idiom, vocabulary, have a talk with, come across, cut up, before long, move on, keep on, make progress, translate…into…, 等等……

二、 本單元知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)分析：

1. How are you getting on with your English lessons? 你的英語(yǔ)學(xué)得怎么樣？

How are you getting on with…? 是一個(gè)常用的交際用語(yǔ)，用來(lái)詢問對(duì)方的生活、學(xué)習(xí)、

工作等情況，常譯作“…進(jìn)展如何”。例如：

How are you getting on with your experiment? 你的試驗(yàn)進(jìn)展如何？

How is he getting on with his English studies? 他的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)展如何？

He is getting on well with his studies. 他的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行的很順利。

2. he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.

由于政治上的原因，他被迫離開了祖國(guó)。

1) be forced to do sth. 作“被迫做某事”解。如用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，則是“force sb. to do

sth.”。

強(qiáng)迫某人做某事。例如：

You can’t force win to do it if he himself doesn’t want to.

如果他自己不想干的話，你是無(wú)法強(qiáng)迫他去干這件事的。

He was forced to resign. 他是被迫辭職的。

We were force to put off the match to the next week because of the bad weather.

由于惡劣的天氣，我們被迫把比賽推退到了下周。

Don’t force him to do anything that he doesn’t want to.

不要強(qiáng)迫他做任何他不想做的事。

2) for political reasons意為“由于政治的原因”，for =because of，for a certain reason(for

some reason)由于某種原因。

3. Before long he had to move on again.不久，他不得不再次遷移。

1) before long = soon作“不久”、“很快”解，既可與過去時(shí)，也可與將來(lái)時(shí)連用。

例如：

Don’t worry! I’ll come to see you before long (soon).別擔(dān)心，我很快就會(huì)來(lái)看你的。

Before long he left Beijing for Shanghai with his parents.不久，他就和他父母離開北京去上

海了。

2) 句中的on是副詞，同有些動(dòng)詞連用，表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作繼續(xù)下去的意思。如，work on

繼續(xù)工作；walk on繼續(xù)趕路；go on繼續(xù)下去。

4. He went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.

他到了英國(guó)，并把倫敦作為他革命工作的根據(jù)地。

“make＋名詞（作賓語(yǔ)）＋名詞（作賓補(bǔ)）”是一個(gè)常見的結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“使…成為…”、

“把…當(dāng)作…”等，例如：

We made him our monitor in our class last term.上學(xué)期，我們選他當(dāng)我們班的班長(zhǎng)。

5. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an

American newspaper. 他進(jìn)步得非常快，不久就開始用英文給一家美國(guó)報(bào)紙寫文章了。

句中的such…that作“如此…以致”解，連接一個(gè)表示結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句。與so…that

意思相同，但用法不同。如：so…that這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，so后邊可加形容詞或副詞，而such后邊要用名詞（這個(gè)名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可以不帶）。因此，such…that的句型結(jié)構(gòu)可分以下三種：

1) such＋a(an)＋adj.＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that…clause

He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.

他非常聰明，大家都非常喜歡他。

He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.

他非常誠(chéng)實(shí)，因而受到了老師的表?yè)P(yáng)。

2) such＋adj.＋復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that…clause

They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.

這些小說非常有趣，我想再讀一遍。

3)such＋adj.＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that…clause

He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.

他進(jìn)步得很快，老師們對(duì)他感到很滿意。

注意：如果such后邊的名詞前由many、much、few、little等詞所修飾的話，則不用

such而用so。例如：

He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.

他摔了很多跤，以致于全身上下青一塊，紫一塊的。

He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.

他所受教育很少，不適合做這個(gè)工作。

There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to

the building.

街上有那么多人觀看大火，以致于消防隊(duì)員無(wú)法接近大樓。

6. In fact, his English is one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and

praised him for it.

事實(shí)上，在那些文章中有一篇他的英文寫得很好，恩格斯曾寫信贊揚(yáng)他。

so…that也作“如此…以致”解，連接一個(gè)表示結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句。so…that與such…

that意思相同，但用法不同。現(xiàn)將so…that用法總結(jié)如下：

so＋adj.／adv.＋that…clause（so的后面跟形容詞或副詞）

He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.

他跑得非常快，沒人能追上他。

Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him. (=He is so good a doctor that

everybody loves and respects him. =He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.)

他是一位好醫(yī)生，大家都尊敬并愛戴他。

7. However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things-the grammar and

some of the idioms.

但他接著說，在語(yǔ)法和某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)方面他還是不太有把握。

1) go on to do sth.意思是“（做完一件事后）接著做另外一件事”。而go on doing sth.則

是“繼續(xù)做某事”的意思，即指某事尚未做完，繼續(xù)做下去（繼續(xù)做同一件事）。例如：

After reading the text, we went on to do some grammar exercises.

讀完課文后，我們接著做了一些語(yǔ)法練習(xí)。

Although it was raining hard, they still went on working in the field.

雖然雨下得很大，但他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)在地里工作。

They went on to read the text, after they listened to the music.

他們聽完音樂后，接著讀課文了。

2) be sure about／of…作“確信”、“有把握”解，后面跟名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如：

Are you sure of his success?(=Are you sure that he will (succeed?) Yes, I’m quite sure of it.

你肯定他會(huì)獲得成功嗎？是的，我確信他會(huì)獲得成功。

I think the answer is right but I’m not absolutely sure about it.

我認(rèn)為這答案是正確的，但是沒有絕對(duì)的把握。

I’m quite sure about／of his honesty. 我確信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。

be sure后還可以跟that／when／whether等引導(dǎo)的從句，例如：

I’m not sure when I last saw her. 我不能確定上一次看見她是什么時(shí)候。

She was sure that she had done the right thing. 她確信自己做的對(duì)。

He is not sure whether they will come to see him. 他不能肯定他們是否會(huì)來(lái)看望他。

8. In the years that followed, Marx Kept on studying English and using it.

在隨后的幾年里，馬克思繼續(xù)不斷地學(xué)習(xí)和使用英語(yǔ)。

1) 句中的that followed是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the years關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。

句中in the years that followed可改成in the following years或in the next few years. 意思大致相同。

2) keep on doing sth.作“繼續(xù)做某事”解，（=go on doing sth.= continue to do sth.= continue

doing sth.）例如：

Although he was tired , he kept on working. 雖然他很累了，但他繼續(xù)工作。

注意：keep on doing和keep doing的區(qū)別，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)“繼續(xù)做某事”，而后者常表示連

續(xù)不斷的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，即“不停地、不斷地做某事。”例如：

He had a bad cold and kept coughing all day. 他患了重感冒，整天不停地咳嗽。

Be quiet: Don’t keep asking such silly questions. 安靜點(diǎn)，不要老是問這么傻的問題。

9.In the 1870s, when Mark was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia. 在19世紀(jì)70年代，馬克思已經(jīng)50多歲了，他覺得研究俄國(guó)的形勢(shì)很重要。

in one’s fifties指在某人50多歲時(shí)（50──59）。例如：

He became famous is his twenties. 他20多歲時(shí)就出名了。

When he was in his thirties, he went to the countryside and became a farmer.

當(dāng)他30多歲的時(shí)候，他去了農(nóng)村，當(dāng)了一個(gè)農(nóng)民。

The professor was an ordinary-looking little man is his sixties.

那位教授是一位60多歲，個(gè)子矮小，相貌平常的人。

2) 句中的it是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后邊的動(dòng)詞不定式。此句型結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)＋謂

語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋it＋賓補(bǔ)（形容詞或名詞）＋動(dòng)詞不定短語(yǔ)。常用于此種結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有think、fell、make、consider等。例如：

I think it necessary to go there. 我認(rèn)為到那兒去一趟很有必要。

We find it impossible to finish the work in ten minutes.

我們認(rèn)為10分鐘內(nèi)完成那項(xiàng)工作是不可能的。

He feels it his duty to help those who are in trouble.

他感到幫助那些處于困境中的人們是他的責(zé)任。

10. In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.

馬克思在他一本書中對(duì)如何學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)提出了一些建議。

advice是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果說一條建議，則用a piece of advice, 二條

建議，two pieces of advice。advice前常用的修飾詞有some、any、much、pieces of等。例如：

They gave some advice on our work. 他對(duì)我們的工作提出了一些建議。

You’d better ask for the teacher’s advice on our English study.

你最好去征求一下老師對(duì)我們的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的意見。

You should follow／take your parents’ advice. 你應(yīng)該聽眾你父母的勸告。