牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一（第四講）
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】
教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一Unit 2 （下）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1．了解英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)的作用。
2．學(xué)會(huì)寫感謝和建議信。
3．學(xué)習(xí)編寫、表演對(duì)話。
4．語(yǔ)法：定語(yǔ)從句（復(fù)習(xí)）
【知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】
重要單詞：
upset, sincerely, insist, chat, valuable, period, argument, freedom, relationship, suggest, spare, unloving, forbid, tone, frustrated, express, volume, stress, pause, exact, emotional, mood, gist, merely, regular, solve, column ,columnist, resource, proofread, version, nervous.
二、重點(diǎn)詞組：
rising/falling tone升調(diào)、降調(diào), talk show談話節(jié)目, main point要點(diǎn), supporting information輔助性信息, a diary entry一篇日記, be proud of為….感到驕傲, stay up late熬夜, mix up混淆, after all畢竟, take one’s advice接受建議, miss doing sth懷念以前做的某事, keep in mind記住, get it tidied up把它整理好, clean up打掃干凈, make a difference要緊, provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb為某人提供, provided that假如, to one’s surprise使某人驚奇的是, as though就好像, insist on doing堅(jiān)持要做, allow him his freedom允許給他自由, send sb to bed叫某人去睡覺(jué), forbid sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事, assign roles to分派角色, argue about sth with sb為某事和某人爭(zhēng)吵.
【難點(diǎn)講解】
1. They are meant to be read aloud, and often use less formal language than other type of writing.
劇本是要被朗讀的，它使用的語(yǔ)言沒(méi)有其他文體那么正式。
“Be meant to be”+被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、名詞或形容詞，表示“應(yīng)該用作、本應(yīng)當(dāng)作”和 “be supposed to be”相似。例如：
Flowers are meant to be admired, not picked.
Sitcoms are meant to be light-hearted, but this one is full of violence.
副詞aloud表示“出聲’, loudly表示 “大聲”。注意loud可以當(dāng)作副詞和talk, speak, laugh連用，例如：They laughed loud and long. Can you speak a little louder?
2. You can’t write exactly the way people speak.
你不能原封不動(dòng)地按照人們?nèi)粘Ｕf(shuō)話的習(xí)慣來(lái)寫。
the way people speak在這里是方式狀語(yǔ)，people speak是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞the way。這句話較正式的寫法可以是：
You can’t write exactly in the way that people speak.
You can’t write exactly the way in which people speak.
3. But I don’t think you are being fair at all.
但我覺(jué)得你這樣做一點(diǎn)也不公平。
Be+being 構(gòu)成了be動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)，后面跟形容詞或名詞，表示主語(yǔ)當(dāng)前的狀況，也可以表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：
You are silly.你很蠢。(對(duì)人的評(píng)價(jià)，在這里是一種人身攻擊)
You are being silly你現(xiàn)在的行為或想法很蠢。(就事論事)
He is polite.他有禮貌。
He is being polite.他這樣做是出于禮貌。
Many rivers and lakes are being polluted through out China.
4. I understand you used to spend a lot of time together back when Christina was younger.
據(jù)我所知當(dāng)克里思蒂娜小的時(shí)候你和她一起度過(guò)很多時(shí)光。
I understand是訪談節(jié)目和外交場(chǎng)合中一個(gè)常用的辭令，它比I know, I hear, I guess更靈活，對(duì)所提及信息的來(lái)源和可信度都沒(méi)有明確的說(shuō)法，可以根據(jù)上下文譯成“據(jù)我所知、我聽(tīng)說(shuō)、我猜、我個(gè)人的理解是…等”, 也可以說(shuō)My understanding is…….。
Back= in the past, 常出現(xiàn)在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中。
5. Many people in families become upset with each other over small problems.
許多家庭成員之間因?yàn)橐恍┬?wèn)題彼此不愉快。
Upset 作vt/ vi 時(shí)重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞同形，表示“弄翻、傾覆、擾亂、使不安”。也可作名詞，重音在前。本句話里upset是過(guò)去分詞，become的表語(yǔ)。
表示紛爭(zhēng)的起因，用介詞over. 例如：
The two countries often fight over border disputes.
They are always quarreling over minor differences.
6. Small problems become big ones, however, if they are not discussed and dealt with early on.
然而，如果不盡早商討解決，小問(wèn)題就會(huì)變成大問(wèn)題。
Deal: n. 數(shù)量，a (good/ great) deal of +不可數(shù)名詞，交易，如： It’s a deal(成交)；v.分配、經(jīng)營(yíng)。詞組deal with 有 和….做生意、與…有來(lái)往、對(duì)待、對(duì)付、相關(guān)、處理等意思。它作“處理”講時(shí)，要和do with區(qū)分清楚。deal with作“處理”講時(shí)是指“怎樣對(duì)付或解決”，提問(wèn)時(shí)用how; do with作“處理”講時(shí)是指“使用、處置”，提問(wèn)時(shí)用what。例如：
How did you deal with pollution in the river?-We tried to treat the city’s sewage before it poured into the river.
What did you do with the sewage?-- We treated it and recycled it for industrial use.
Early on：near the beginning“在早期、剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候”，多用于口語(yǔ)中。
7. Recently he has been refusing to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music.
近來(lái)他一直拒絕做他的家庭作業(yè)，固執(zhí)地把時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在看DVD和聽(tīng)外國(guó)音樂(lè)上。
Have/has been doing是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，指說(shuō)話前一段時(shí)間一直進(jìn)行或多次重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。
Insist on+n/doing sth: 堅(jiān)持、堅(jiān)決主張(做某事)；或insist＋從句 “that sb (should) do sth”。
要注意persist in＋n/doing sth也是“堅(jiān)持”，但insist on堅(jiān)持的是看法或主張,竭力主張去做某事；persist in堅(jiān)持的是行為和做法，即不放棄正在進(jìn)行的事情。例如:
He persisted in doing that experiment though the smell in the lab was getting worse and worse.
She insisted on going out for a picnic though the sky looked ominously dark.
8. What am I to do?
我該怎么辦？
相當(dāng)于What shall I do? Be動(dòng)詞＋不定式表示按計(jì)劃和情理將要或應(yīng)該發(fā)生的事。例如：
The president elect is to make his inaugural speech on Monday.
You are to follow his instructions to the word.
9. When I refuse to listen to him, he shouts at me and the two of us fight like crazy.
要是我拒不聽(tīng)從，他就對(duì)我大喊大叫，我們倆就會(huì)象瘋了一樣爭(zhēng)吵。
“the two of us”我們倆，us僅指我們兩人； “two of us”我們中的兩個(gè), us 所包含的人數(shù)大于二。
like crazy象瘋了一樣，英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中的習(xí)慣用法，相當(dāng)于“as if we were crazy”。還可以說(shuō)：like cats and dogs。
【英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)】
語(yǔ)調(diào)（intonation）是一句話里聲調(diào)（pitch）高低抑揚(yáng)輕重的配制和變化。英語(yǔ)有五種基本語(yǔ)調(diào)：升調(diào)（↗）、的降調(diào)（↙）、的升降調(diào)（∧）、降升調(diào)（∨）以及平調(diào)（→）。一句話除了詞匯意義（lexical meaning）還有語(yǔ)調(diào)意義（intonation meaning）。所謂詞匯意義就是話中所用詞的意義，而語(yǔ)調(diào)意義就是說(shuō)話人用語(yǔ)調(diào)所表示的態(tài)度或口氣。一句話的詞匯意義加上語(yǔ)調(diào)意義才算是完全的意義。同樣的句子，語(yǔ)調(diào)不同，意思就會(huì)不同，請(qǐng)看下例：
1）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？
B：Sorry？（↗）
Jean用升調(diào)說(shuō)“Sorry”，其意思是“I didn't hear you．Could you say that again，please？”
2）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？
B：Sorry．（↙）
在對(duì)話2）中，Jean用降調(diào)說(shuō)“Sorry”，顯然其意思是拒絕幫助或無(wú)能為力。
S首先要知道英語(yǔ)主要有三種語(yǔ)調(diào)，分別是升調(diào)，降調(diào)和降升調(diào)。
升調(diào)一般表示"不確定" "話還沒(méi)有說(shuō)完"或者"禮貌" 。經(jīng)常用于下面幾類句型中：
（1）一般疑問(wèn)句（Yes-no questions） Is he coming tonight? Have you got the tickets?
（2）反問(wèn)句（Statements intended as questions） You are definitely coming? You like it?
（3）表示安慰或鼓勵(lì)（Statements intended to be soothing or encouraging.） Come with us.
（4）重復(fù)（Repetition questions） When did you come?
說(shuō)話時(shí)用"降凋"，常常給人一種"完結(jié)"的印象。所以能使用降調(diào)的句子有以下幾類：
（1）陳述句（Ordinary statements） You came on Tuesday. I'd like some tea.
（2）特殊疑問(wèn)句（Wh- questions） When did you come? What's the time?
（3）帶命令口吻的祈使句（Imperative sentences ( strong commands) Put it over there! Go and find it!
（4）感嘆句Exclamatory sentences What an awful film that was!
如果要表示出"說(shuō)話人改變主意，或話外有話之意"，就可以用"降升調(diào)"。它主要出現(xiàn)在下面的句式中：
（1）含有對(duì)比的陳述句Statements where contrast is implied. You can come on Tuesday but not Monday. He doesn't want it but his brother may.
（2）含保留意見(jiàn)的陳述句Statements which imply reservation. I know his face. I like the colour of your dress.
（3）否認(rèn)或矛盾Statements which show disagreement or contradiction ──I can't do it. ──-You can. ──She arrived on Monday. ──-On Tuesday.
（4）警告Warning. Be careful. Don't be late.
【語(yǔ)法】定語(yǔ)從句( 復(fù)習(xí) )
【同步練習(xí)】
單項(xiàng)選擇
1.The way he did it was different _______ we were used to.
A.in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
2. There were dirty marks on her pants ________ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
3.We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t anything _____ we could sit on.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
4.Mr. Green still talks like the man ______ he was ten years ago.
A.who B. that C. what D. whom
5. _____ can be called a car always rolls on wheels.
A. Anything B. Whatever C. All that D. Whichever
6. This is a book _______ is red.
A. of which cover B. the cover of that C. which cover D. whose cover
7. They didn’t call the police till 2 hours later, ____allowed the thief enough time to escape.
A. when B. which C. why D. how
8. We visited a temple yesterday, in front of_______ a small river.
A.which flew B. that flows C. which flows D. where flows
9. What ________ you want her to do?
A. is B. is it C. that D. is it that
10.It was two years ago ______ China was hit by SARS.
A. that B. when C. in which D. then
11. It was wise of you to ______ his advice.
A. have B. receive C. approve D. take
12. We take great ______ in the achievement of our nation.
A. prize B. proud C. pride D. value
13. Your support will make a ______ !
A. change B. mark C. choice D. difference.
14. Attributive Clause has already been ______ with in the previous unit.
A. dealt B. deal C. did D. done
15. You can go out to play,_______ that you finish your work first.
A. now B. in C. in order D. provided
用下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
insist, , suggest, , forbid, frustrated, express, exact, emotional, merely, regular, solve
1.Learning to drive can be a very _________experience for the residents of crowded cities.
2.Growing up means one has to become both financially and _________ independent.
3.Some common feelings of teenagers are very well_________ in this pop song.
4.Thank you very much for the good __________ on the running of this club.
5.This is _________ what I’m looking for.
6.Smoking is ____________ in this building.
7.We offer technical __________ in the field of e-commerce.
8.We will stay with the programme for one more week if you_______.
9.It’s a _________ five minutes’ walk from my home to the school.
10. The patient has to rely on medicine to _______ his heart beat.
完形填空
Yard sales do not have to be huge. One family, or even one person, can hold a yard sale. People simply collect some things they no 1 want and put them in the yard outside their home. They might also place handmade signs on nearby streets to direct people to the sale. And, as simple as that, they have a yard sale -- or a garage sale or a moving sale.
2 people call it, the activity is the same. Such sales are 3 on the idea that an object that is useless, broken or ugly to one person can be a bargain to 4 .
Some people go to yard sales to find a special thing that they collect. They might look for things 5 stamps, dolls, old money, bottles, baseball cards, toys or advertising signs. Yard sales can also provide people 6 a new computer or sound system ... new to them, at least.
Or there might be some exercise 7 that looks new because no one ever really used it. People never know what they might find. They might even find a snake skin -- the perfect gift for a science teacher.
People who go to yard sales often are not looking for anything 8 . They are 9 looking for something that appeals to them. Or they might enjoy negotiating(商談) 10 prices. Later, if necessary, they can hold their own yard sale to sell all the things they have bought.
1. A. more B. wonder C. less D. longer
2. A. However B. Whatever C. Whoever D. Whenever
3. A. based B. working C. discussed D. held
4. A. other B. the other C. another D. others
5. A. as B. like C.for example D. with
6. A. with B. for C. by D. from
7. A. machines B. facilities C. equipment D. equipments
8. A. cheap B. valuable C. strange D. special
9. A. simply B. especially C. hardly D. nearly
10.A. for B. over C. with D. low
【參考答案】
一、DADBC, DBCDA, DCDAD
二、1. frustrating 2. emotionally 3. expressed 4. suggestions 5. exactly
6. forbidden 7. solution 8. insist 9. mere 10. regulate
三、DBACB, ACDAB