詞匯導(dǎo)練
1．If you aren’t good at thinking，you can’t study ____________.
2．It was ____________ of him to run into the burning house to rescue the baby.
3．The ____________ of America is very important in history.
4．He ____________ his dream by working hard.
5．We ____________(清空)the tomb of everything it contained-we were rich and famous right away.
6．Police were called in to ____________(維持)order.
7．She opened the door quietly so as not to ____________(打攪)the sleeping child.
8．The bike is cheap.____________(然而)，it is not as beautiful as that one.
9．The money is to be used for ____________(專門的)purpose：the building of the new theatre.
10．If ____________(呼吸)in，these viruses can result in illness or even death.
11．It is difficult to make a ____________ (compare)with her previous book-they are completely different.
12．Children show ____________(curious)about everything.
1.effectively 2.adventurous 3.discovery 4.lived 5.emptied 6.preserve 7.disturb 8.However 9.specific 10.breathed 11.comparison 12.curiosity
短語匯集
1．____________________ 自古以來的，有史以來的
2．____________________ 對……好奇
3．____________________ 啟航
4．____________________ 也，以及
5．____________________ 立刻，馬上
6．____________________ 成功，帶來好結(jié)果
7．____________________ 導(dǎo)致
8．____________________ 與……相比
9．____________________ 大量，許多
10．____________________ 進(jìn)入；到達(dá)
11．____________________ 尊敬某人
12．____________________ 實現(xiàn)某人的夢想
1.of all time 2.be curious about 3.set sail 4.as well as 5.right away 6.pay off 7.result in 8.compare with 9.a great deal of 10.set foot on/in 11.look up to sb. 12.live one’s dream
語句試譯
1．(回歸課本P43)If ________ ________，they can result in illness or even death.
如果這些病毒被人體吸入，將可能導(dǎo)致疾病甚至死亡。
2．(回歸課本P43)What is certain，________，is that the mystery of Tutankhamun’s tomb has never been fully explained.
但是有一點是可以肯定的，圖坦卡蒙國王陵墓之謎至今還沒有人能夠完全破解。
3．(回歸課本P58)In October 2003，Yang Liwei went to space and returned，________ the dream a reality.
2003年10月，楊利偉去了太空并成功返回，使這個夢想變成了現(xiàn)實。
4．(回歸課本P46)By the 1920s，he had become an explorer，________ ________ the tombs of the Egyptian kings.
到了20世紀(jì)20年代他已經(jīng)成為一名探險家，致力于尋找古埃及國王們的陵墓。
1.breathed in 2.though 3.making 4.searching for
核心知識
1. curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的
(回歸課本P42)He was bright and curious about the world outside his hometown.
他天資聰穎，對家鄉(xiāng)外部的世界充滿了好奇。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish.
四十年來，科學(xué)家一直對那種魚深感好奇。
②I was curious to see if the plants would survive in lower temperatures.
(朗文P492)我很想看看這些植物在較低的溫度下能否生存。
③(牛津P489)It was curious that she didn’t tell anyone.
她沒有告訴任何人，這很反常。
1．句型轉(zhuǎn)換
It’s curious that he should have asked such a question.
→________/________，he should have asked such a question.
答案：Surprisingly/Strangely
★2.People have always been curious ________ how living things on the earth exactly began.
A．in B．a(chǎn)t
C．of D．a(chǎn)bout
解析：選D。be curious about sth.對某事/物感到好奇的。
3．________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A．So curious the couple was
B．So curious were the couple
C．How curious the couple were
D．The couple was such curious
解析：選B。句意：這對夫婦對于野生植物是那樣的好奇，以至于他們決定去馬達(dá)加斯加作進(jìn)一步研究。考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。主語是couple，所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；該句子用部分倒裝，so及其修飾的形容詞或副詞提到句首。
2. present n． 贈品；禮物；現(xiàn)在
vt. 頒發(fā)，授予；提出(交)；展示，表現(xiàn)
adj. 現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)前的(做前置定語)；出席的，到場的(作后置定語)
(回歸課本P43)Then，a few months after Carter had opened the tomb，Lord Carnarvon，who was also present when the tomb was opened，fell ill with a fever and died in Egypt.
接著，在卡特打開陵墓數(shù)月后，當(dāng)時也在掘墓現(xiàn)場的卡那封勛爵突然生病，發(fā)高燒，最后死于埃及。
歸納拓展
be present at(＝attend)出席
at present＝now現(xiàn)在、目前
for the present＝for the time being眼前、暫時
present oneself at，for，in etc.出席、到場
present sth. to sb.送給某人某物
例句探源
①We shall not need any more for the present.
我們暫時不需要更多的了。
②(牛津P1562)There were 200 people present at the meeting.
有200人出席會議。
③The Golden Globe Awards will be presented on January 18.
(朗文P1606)金球獎將于1月18號頒發(fā)。
★4.(2009年高考北京卷)All of them try to use the power of the workstation __________ information in a more effective way.
A．presenting B．presented
C．being presented D．to present
解析：選D。句意：他們都盡力使用工作區(qū)的力量來更加有效地呈現(xiàn)信息。to present為不定式作目的狀語。
★5.Teaching a pronunciation class to a mixed group of learners can __________ a teacher with many challenging problems.
A．provide B．produce
C．present D．offer
解析：選C。produce的賓語是物。provide，present，offer都有“提供”的意思。provide意思是“裝備，供給(某物)”，如：The villagers provided the guerrillas with food.村民供給游擊隊糧食。present表示“呈獻(xiàn)給某人(某種狀況)”；offer構(gòu)成offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.的搭配。
★6.The mayor will personally________the gold medal________ the winning athletes at the sports meeting.
A．present；by B．present；with
C．present；to D．present；for
解析：選C。 本題考查動詞詞組。present sth.to sb.＝present sb.with sth.把某物贈予某人。本句譯為“市長會親自把金牌頒發(fā)給在運動會上獲得冠軍的運動員。”故選C。
7．完成句子
(1)All the people __________ __________ __________ __________(出席聚會的)were his supporters.
答案：present at the party
(2)On his retirement，his friends __________ __________ __________(贈給他)a set of golf clubs.
答案：presented him with
(3)The committee will __________ __________ ________ ________ __________(向……提交它最后的報告)Parliament in July.
答案：present its final report to
(4)You need to __________ __________ __________(更好地展示自己)．
答案：present yourself better
3. result vi. 導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果
n． 結(jié)果
(回歸課本P43)If breathed in，they can result in illness or even death.
如果這些病毒被人體吸入，它們就有可能導(dǎo)致疾病甚至死亡。
歸納拓展
result in導(dǎo)致 result from因……而產(chǎn)生，由于……的結(jié)果 as a result 結(jié)果
as a result of 由于……的結(jié)果
例句探源
①If you believe in yourself and work hard，you can achieve great results.相信自己并作出努力，你就會取得好結(jié)果。
②(2009年高考全國卷Ⅱ)Jenny nearly missed the flight as a result of doing too much shopping.
由于買了太多的東西，Jenny差點誤了航班。
③(朗文P1746)Improved farming technology has resulted in larger harvests.農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的提高帶來了更大的豐收。
④(英漢多功能P1260)The terrible accident resulted from his carelessness.那樁可怕的意外事件因他的疏忽大意而引起。
8．(1)這場可怕的事故導(dǎo)致了10名乘客喪生。
The terrible accident ________ ________ ________ ________ of ten passengers.
答案：resulted in the death
(2)他生病是由于吃了受到污染的食物。
His illness ________ ________ eating contaminated food.
答案：resulted from
(3)他很勤奮，結(jié)果他趕上了班上的其他同學(xué)。
He worked very hard.________ ________ ________，he caught up with his classmates.
(＝He caught up with his classmates ________ ________ ________ ________ his hard work.)
答案：As a result；as a result of
4. compare v． 比較，相比；把……比作
(回歸課本P45)However，nothing can compare with what I found today.
然而，任何事情都不能和我今天的發(fā)現(xiàn)相提并論。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(2009年高考重慶卷)Michael’s new house is like a huge palace，compared with his old one.
和他的舊房子相比，米切爾的新房子就像一座大宮殿。
②(牛津P398)We carefully compared the first report with the second.我們仔細(xì)比較了第一份和第二份報告。
③(朗文P398)The rides at the fair just can’t compare with the rides at Disneyland.這個娛樂場的騎乘玩具根本不能和迪斯尼樂園的相比。
④He rudely compared my homeMmade bread to lump of rock.
他把我家里做的面包比喻成硬石塊，真是無禮。
9．完成句子
(1)比較一下我和她的作文，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)她的更好。
________ my composition ________ hers，and you will find hers better.
＝________ my composition ________ hers，you will find hers better.
答案：Compare，with；Comparing，with
(2)教師常常被比作蠟燭。
Teachers ________ ________ ________ ________ candles.
答案：are often compared to
(3)和許多同齡女孩相比，你是幸運的。
________ ________/________ ________ ________ of your age，you are lucky.
答案：Compared with/to many girls
10．(2010年安徽六校模擬)________ other good students，in my opinion，Tom is ________ student.
A．Compared with；a most satisfied
B．Compared to；the most satisfied
C．Comparing to；the most satisfying
D．Compared with；a more satisfying
解析：選D。句意：在我看來，和其他好學(xué)生相比，Tom是非常令人滿意的。compared to/with是獨立結(jié)構(gòu)“與……相比較”，常位于句首作狀語，satisfying“令人滿意的”，satisfied“感到滿意的”。
5. prove vt.& vi. 證明，證實；結(jié)果是，原來是
(回歸課本P58)He took all kinds of tests to prove he was qualified for this important task.
他接受了各種測試，證明他是擔(dān)負(fù)此項重任的合格人選。
歸納拓展
prove sth.證明某事
prove sth. to sb.向某人證明某事
prove＋sb./sth.＋(to be)＋n./adj.證明某人/某物……
prove＋thatMclause證明……
prove＋(to be)＋n./adj.證明是……
例句探源
①A fact is anything that can be proved.
任何能夠證實的情況叫事實。
②(牛津P1595)Just give me a chance and I’ll prove it to you.
只要給我個機(jī)會，我會證明給你看。
③(朗文P1639)Some of the experiments proved(to be) disastrous for the biology department’s repulation.
一些試驗敗壞了生物系的名聲。
④They say I’m too old，but I’m going to prove them all wrong.
他們說我太老了，但我要證明他們都錯了。
11．完成句子
(1)你能證明你的誠實嗎？
Can you ________ ________ ________？
答案：prove your honesty
(2)事實向我們證明他是位勇士。
The facts ________ ________ ________ ________ he was a brave fighter.
答案：proved to us that
(3)也許這本書終究會證實是有用的。
Perhaps the book will prove ________ ________ ________，after all.
答案：to be useful
6. survive vt.& vi. 幸存，生還
(回歸課本P50)Of the 2,200 people on the ship，only 705 survived.船上所有的2200人中，只有705人生還。
歸納拓展
survive sth.幸免于某事，從……中幸存下來survive sb.比某人活得長
survive on sth.依靠……生存下來
survivor n.幸存者
survival 幸存，生存
例句探源
①To survive in the forest，animals must climb from tree to tree.要想在森林里生存下來，動物必須有爬樹的本領(lǐng)。
②He’ll show everyone he can survive as a single parent.
他要讓大家看看，他作為單親家長能挺過來。
③(郎文P2078)Virginia is survived by three children and eight grandchildren.
弗吉尼亞死后，她家里還有3個子女、8個孫輩。
12．完成句子
(1)因這起撞車事故受傷的六個人中，只有兩個活了下來。
Of the six people injured in the car crash，________ ________ ________.
答案：only two survived
(2)公司設(shè)法渡過了危機(jī)。
The company managed to ________ ________ ________.
答案：survive the crisis
(3)這起飛機(jī)失事事故中只有一名幸存者。
There was ________ ________ ________ from the air crash.
答案：only one survivor
7manage vi. 設(shè)法，努力，爭取；處理，對付
vt. 處理；支配；管理；經(jīng)營；運用；操縱
(回歸課本P58)The people of China can be proud of Yang Liwei and young people all over the world can look up to him as an example of a man who managed to live his dream.
中國人民以楊利偉為驕傲，全世界的年輕人也將他視為努力實現(xiàn)夢想的榜樣。
歸納拓展
manage to do sth.＝succeed in doing sth.設(shè)法做成某事
manage＋n./pron.設(shè)法得到/做到；拿得動，吃得下
【注意】 表示“設(shè)法做成某事”，manage后接不定式。在口語中，manage常與can，could，be able to連用，表示“能對付”。
例句探源
①Can you manage another slice of bread?
你能再吃一片面包嗎？
②You need to learn to manage your time more effectively.
你需要學(xué)會如何有效地利用時間。
③(朗文P1251)Did you manage to get any sleep on the plane?
你在飛機(jī)上睡了點兒覺嗎？
④We couldn’t have managed without you.
沒有你我們就辦不成了。
易混辨析
manage to do sth.，try to do sth.
(1)manage to do sth.是“設(shè)法做成某事”，不定式所表示的動作表示一定完成。
(2)try to do sth.是“試圖或努力做某事”，不定式所表示的動作不一定完成。
①He managed to pass the College Entrance Examination and realized his dream of being a university student.
②She tried her best to solve the problem.
13．完成句子
(1)我試圖說服他戒煙，但失敗了。
I ________ ________ persuade him to give up smoking，but failed.
答案：tried to
(2)我說我們會在七點前趕到那里，你認(rèn)為我們能做得到嗎？
I said we’d be there by seven；do you think we’ll ________ ________？
答案：manage it
(3)沒有車你是怎么應(yīng)付的？
How do you ________ ________ a car?
答案：manage without
★14.__________ properly，the money can be enough for us this week.
A．Managed B．Managing
C．To manage D．To be managed
解析：選A。manage與句子主語the money之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞，選A。
★15.He __________ the NMET and realized his dream of being a university student.
A．tried to pass B．tried passing
C．managed to pass D．managed passing
解析：選C。句意：他通過了高考，實現(xiàn)了成為一名大學(xué)生的夢想。manage to do sth.表示動作一定完成，try to do sth.所表示的動作不一定完成。try doing意為“試著做某事”，由句意可知C項正確。
8. as well as 也，以及；和……一樣；和；除……之外(也)
“The tomb contained more riches，gold and jewels than any of us had ever seen before，as well as the mummy of the king”，said Carter.“(回歸課本P42)陵墓中的財寶、黃金和珍珠飾物比我們?nèi)魏稳讼惹耙娺^的都要多，還有國王圖坦卡蒙本人的木乃伊。”卡特說。
歸納拓展
(1)A as well as B的意思是“不但B，而且A”，其重點在前者，而不在后者，而not only A but also B則強調(diào)后者，意為“不但A，而且B”。 (2)as well as后接名詞或代詞，作主語的附屬成分時，不影響謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)的選擇。 (3)as well as 連接兩個不定式時，后面的不定式符號to可以省略。 (4)as well as之后若連接動詞，通常用動名詞。 (5)as well as起連詞作用，而as well“也”，起副詞作用，一般置于句末。
例句探源
①(2009年高考重慶卷)Science can be a force for evil as well as for good.
科學(xué)可以成為善的推動力，也可以成為惡的推動力。
②(朗文P2284)They sells books as well as newspapers.
他們既賣報也賣書。
③(牛津P2326)The organization encourages members to meet on a regular bases，as well as providing them with financial support.
該機(jī)構(gòu)鼓勵成員定期聚會，還給他們提供經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持。
16．(2010年福建龍巖統(tǒng)考)-Hi，what did our monitor say just now?
-Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who are to visit the Water Cube ________ asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning.
A．is B．were
C．a(chǎn)re D．was
解析：選D。本題考查主謂一致，本句話的主語是every boy and every girl，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，再根據(jù)上文what did our monitor say just now？所以要用過去時。
9. pay off 成功，帶來好結(jié)果；還清；付清工資后解雇某人
(回歸課本P45)All my years of training as an explorer have finally paid off.
作為一名探險家所有這些年的訓(xùn)練終于得到了回報。
歸納拓展
pay sb.money for sth. 為某事物付給某人錢pay the price 付出代價
pay for 付款；償還；受到懲罰
pay up 償還，付清(尤指不情愿地)
pay back 償還；報復(fù)；懲罰
例句探源
①The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off.
艾德里安和他父母的努力得到了回報。
②(朗文P146)The gumble paid off.賭博贏了。
③(朗文P1502)Ed was driving a taxi on the weekends to pay off all his debts.
埃德周末開出租車賺錢以還清他的債務(wù)。
17．-Zhai Zhigang became one of the three Taikonauts of Shenzhou Ⅶ.
-Oh，really？I’m glad that his effort at last __________.
A．worked out B．got out
C．paid off D．turned out
解析：選C。work out計算出；turn out結(jié)果是，證明是；get out出去；pay off得到回報，由句意可知C項正確。
18．英譯漢
(1)His patience and hard work finally paid off with a gold medal.
_______________________________________
答案：他的耐心和刻苦最終使他贏得了金牌。
(2)Only another six months and the house will be paid off.
_________________________________________
答案：只要再過6個月，房款就能全部還清。
(3)They are usually paid off at the end of a month.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：他們一般在月底領(lǐng)工資。
10. a great deal(of) 大量，許多
(回歸課本P50)Its makers spent a great deal of money building the ship.它的制造者花了許多錢來造這艘船。
歸納拓展
a great deal of相當(dāng)于a good deal of，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。a great deal相當(dāng)于a lot或much用來修飾動詞或形容詞、副詞的比較級，意為“……得多”。表示“許多”的表達(dá)方式：
例句探源
①Joan passed her exam，which surprised me a great deal.
瓊通過了考試，這讓我很驚訝。
②(朗文P516)He knows a great deal more about computers than I do.他的計算機(jī)知識比我豐富得多。
③(牛津P512)They spent a great deal of money.
他們花了大量的錢。
19．完成句子
(1)他們已經(jīng)為孩子準(zhǔn)備了大量的食物。
They have prepared ________
________/________ ________ ________ food for children.
答案：a great/good deal of
(2)從她身上我學(xué)會了很多東西。
I’ve learned ________ ________ ________ from her.
答案：a great deal
(3)這個故事要比那個故事有趣的多。
The story is ________ ________ ________ more interesting than that one.
答案：a great deal
★20.I have learned________from my visit here.
A．a(chǎn) great many B．a(chǎn) great deal
C．a(chǎn) great deal of D．a(chǎn) bit
解析：選B。本題考查a great deal作名詞性短語時的用法。本句譯為“我參觀這里學(xué)到了很多東西。”
句型解析
1【教材原句】 By the 1920s，he had become an explorer，searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.(P46)
到了20世紀(jì)20年代他已經(jīng)成為一名探險家，致力于尋找古埃及國王們的陵墓。
【句法分析】 (1)by the 1920s中by表示“在……之前，不遲于”，后面常接表示時間點的名詞，如果后面接一個過去時刻，多用過去完成時；如果接一個將來時刻，常用將來完成時。
(2)searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表示方式，與其邏輯主語(he)之間是主動關(guān)系。
21．完成句子
(1)當(dāng)我到達(dá)機(jī)場時，我朋友的飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，my friend’s plane had already taken off.
答案：By the time I got to the airport
(2)到下個月底，瑪麗將完成在中國的學(xué)習(xí)。
By the end of next month，Mary ________ ________ ________ her studies in China.
答案：will have finished
(3)我的父母來信叫我換份工作。
My parents wrote me a letter ________ me to change my job.
答案：telling
(4)為了趕上汽車，他一路跑來。
In order to catch the bus，he came ________ all the way.
答案：running
2【教材原句】 If breathed in，they can result in illness or even death.(P43)
如果這些病毒被人體吸入，它們就可能會導(dǎo)致疾病甚至死亡。
【句法分析】 If breathed in，...是if狀語從句中的省略，省略的是主語和be動詞，補充完整應(yīng)該是：If they are breathed in，they can result in illness or even death.
在英語中，條件狀語從句(if/unless引導(dǎo))，時間狀語從句(when/while/as/once引導(dǎo))，方式狀語
從句以及讓步狀語從句(as if/as though引導(dǎo))等狀語從句中，如果從句中的主語與主句的主語相一致，并且含有be動詞，此時從句中的主語和be動詞可以一起省略。有時，從句中的主語是it且含有be動詞時，也可以省略。①If possible，I’d like to have two copies of it.(省略了it is)
可能的話，我想要兩本。
②She hurriedly left the room as though/as if angry.(省略了she was)她匆忙地離開房間，好像生氣了。
③When asked why he was late again，he said he missed the early bus.(省略了he was)
當(dāng)被問及他為什么又遲到了時，他說他錯過了早班車。
22．完成句子
(1)如果管理不善，這個計劃就不會成功。
________ ________ ________ ________，the programme will not succeed.
答案：If not well managed
(2)這些花如果不能每天澆水就會死去。
The flowers will die ________ ________ every day.
答案：unless watered
(3)工人們不應(yīng)該為這個事故負(fù)責(zé)，他們只是按命令行事。
The workers shouldn’t be responsible for the accident.They just carried out the order________ ________.
答案：as told
語法指導(dǎo)
比較句
比較句是指謂語中含有比較詞語或比較格式的句子。
以下是比較句的常見句式：
1．“as＋adj./adv.＋as或not so/as＋adj./adv.＋as”句型。該句型常用來描述兩個比較對象在程度上的相似或不同(即平時說的“等級比較和不等級比較”)。
【佳句選粹】
My computer is not so/as expensive as yours.
我的電腦不如你的昂貴。
2．“as many/few＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋as”或“as much/little(少的)＋不可數(shù)名詞＋as”。前者描述數(shù)目上的接近，后者描述量上的相近。
【佳句選粹】
①You may borrow as many books as you can.
你能借多少書就借多少。
②“Drink as much water as you can，”the doctor said to him.
醫(yī)生對他說到：“你要盡可能的多喝些水。”
3．“主語＋比較級＋than any other...”結(jié)構(gòu)表示：主語所描述的事物比其他任何一個都……，比較級形式表示最高級含義。
【佳句選粹】
Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in his class.李明是他班上最聰明的學(xué)生。
注意：若比較范圍不同，than后應(yīng)用“any＋可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式＋其他”。
4．諸如not，never之類的否定詞與形容詞或副詞的比較級連用，表示最高級含義，意為“再也沒有比……更……的了”。
【佳句選粹】
I have never heard such an interesting story.
我從來沒有聽過比這更有趣的故事。
5．“no＋比較級＋than”結(jié)構(gòu)表示對兩個比較對象都進(jìn)行否定(可由neither...nor...結(jié)構(gòu)來改寫)。
【佳句選粹】
I’m no more foolish than you.
我們倆都不傻。(相當(dāng)于Neither I nor you are foolish.)
6．“形容詞比較級＋than＋形容詞”，意為“與其……倒不如……”。
【佳句選粹】
She was more sad than angry when her son lied again.
當(dāng)她兒子再次撒謊時，與其說她生氣倒不如說她傷心。
7．“would rather...than”，“prefer...to...”，“prefer to do...rather than...”這三個句型表示“寧愿……而不愿……；喜歡……勝過……；寧愿做……而不愿做……”的含義。雖無比較級形式，但表示比較含義。
【佳句選粹】
①She would rather die than give in.她寧死不屈。
②He preferred to go out rather than stay at home.
他寧愿出去也不愿待在家里。
8．“The＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..”，意為“越……，越……”。
【佳句選粹】
The more difficult the questions are，the less likely he is able to answer them.
問題越難，他回答出來的可能性就越小。
9．What C is to D，A is to B．C與D相比，猶如A和B。
【佳句選粹】
What food is to the body，a book is to the mind.
書籍對于思想猶如食物對于身體。