科目 英語(yǔ)
年級(jí) 高三
文件 high3 unit1.doc
標(biāo)題 Madame Curie
章節(jié) 第一單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高三英語(yǔ)第一單元
內(nèi)容
一、 教法建議
說(shuō)在前面的話
對(duì)高三英語(yǔ)教學(xué)與復(fù)習(xí)的建議
高三英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)不是通過(guò)題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)再現(xiàn)知識(shí)的簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)程，而是教師通過(guò)教學(xué)和輔導(dǎo)的每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)幫助全體學(xué)生分層次提高整體能力和水平的過(guò)程。為此，我們提出以下建議：
1.改變以語(yǔ)法為中心的學(xué)習(xí)方式，逐步形成以語(yǔ)篇為中心的學(xué)習(xí)方式。因?yàn)橐哉Z(yǔ)法為中心的學(xué)習(xí)方式誤導(dǎo)學(xué)生死記規(guī)則，只重視機(jī)械推導(dǎo)，從而忽視語(yǔ)境判斷和語(yǔ)篇分析，不利于學(xué)生能力的提高。以語(yǔ)篇為中心的學(xué)習(xí)方式可以引導(dǎo)和幫助學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)掌握英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn)和習(xí)慣，把學(xué)生接受、理解、運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的全過(guò)程始終與學(xué)習(xí)掌握語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容緊密結(jié)合起來(lái)。這樣，教師才能幫助學(xué)生做到學(xué)得生動(dòng)活潑，運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)確自如，學(xué)生聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀和寫(xiě)的能力就一定會(huì)得到不同程度的提高。
2.要提高對(duì)學(xué)好高三英語(yǔ)新教材與總復(fù)習(xí)關(guān)系的認(rèn)識(shí)。“SEFC Book 3A”一書(shū)從選材和課后練習(xí)的編排上可以歸納為以下四個(gè)特點(diǎn)：
a)教材內(nèi)容豐富，信息量大，具有較強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性和交際性；
b)閱讀文章的單詞量明顯增加，語(yǔ)篇數(shù)量增多，突出體現(xiàn)了《大綱》的精神：“……在提高聽(tīng)，說(shuō)，讀，寫(xiě)能力的同時(shí)，側(cè)重提高學(xué)生的閱讀能力”；
c)每單元第四課和Wb中的書(shū)面表達(dá)內(nèi)容比例加大，成段的漢譯英增多，為學(xué)生提供了語(yǔ)境分析，漢英比較，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)書(shū)寫(xiě)的訓(xùn)練機(jī)會(huì)；
d)每單元第四課后的練習(xí)及Wb中的練習(xí)對(duì)部分詞法和句法進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和歸納，是學(xué)生培養(yǎng)正確的思維能力，提高分析和判斷能力的好內(nèi)容。
由此可見(jiàn)，“SEFC Book 3A”的教學(xué)過(guò)程是高三總復(fù)習(xí)的重要組成部分，切不可盲目突擊，草草授完。
3.在教授與學(xué)習(xí)詞匯和句法時(shí)，應(yīng)注意在特定的、實(shí)際生活中存在的語(yǔ)境里傳(接受)授、掌握詞匯，重點(diǎn)注意常用詞的實(shí)際運(yùn)用；注意常用句型所適用的具體場(chǎng)合、語(yǔ)境和話題，把傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)境結(jié)合起來(lái)，真正了解什么功能，什么話題應(yīng)當(dāng)用什么句型。
4.教師在創(chuàng)建語(yǔ)境引導(dǎo)學(xué)生操練(或?qū)W生自我訓(xùn)練)時(shí)，
a)要增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的熟練性，注意提高語(yǔ)言的反映力，提高反映速度，特別應(yīng)當(dāng)提高對(duì)各種特定語(yǔ)境的反映速度，從而增大在有限時(shí)間內(nèi)的語(yǔ)言信息處理量；
b)提高漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文化差異的分辨能力，培養(yǎng)正確的思維習(xí)慣；
c)提高應(yīng)試技能，強(qiáng)化筆試的基本功訓(xùn)練，有效把握時(shí)間，堅(jiān)持自我完善，學(xué)會(huì)自學(xué)；
d)學(xué)會(huì)客觀的看問(wèn)題，堅(jiān)持自我調(diào)解，有效地控制心態(tài)，不斷促使心理良性循環(huán)。
總之，英語(yǔ)教學(xué)和復(fù)習(xí)的全過(guò)程應(yīng)該是教師引導(dǎo)和幫助學(xué)生通過(guò)聽(tīng)，說(shuō)，讀，寫(xiě)四個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)培養(yǎng)正確思維習(xí)慣，準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行交際的過(guò)程。(以上建議僅供參考)
【拋磚引玉】
本單元記敘的是在現(xiàn)代物理發(fā)展史上做出突出貢獻(xiàn)的科學(xué)家Madame Curie發(fā)現(xiàn)鐳的故事。贊揚(yáng)了Madame Curie不畏艱苦，勇于獻(xiàn)身的精神，嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的科學(xué)態(tài)度以及她無(wú)私，堅(jiān)定，勇敢的品格。
通過(guò)本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，掌握如何創(chuàng)建情境，靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)記敘人物，交流看法；學(xué)習(xí)掌握“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
本單元的能力目標(biāo)：
1)Lesson 1 對(duì)話
a)朗讀：語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)正確，情感適度；
b)運(yùn)用：套用句型模擬對(duì)話；
c)創(chuàng)造：自編對(duì)話并表演。
2)Lesson 2-3 Madame Curie
a)理解課文大意，能回答有關(guān)問(wèn)題；
b)能復(fù)述課文(群體復(fù)述或分角色復(fù)述)；
c)背誦并深刻理解有關(guān)Madame Curie 思想的那段話(見(jiàn)學(xué)后思考)；
d)將課文改寫(xiě)成100-150 words 短文；
e)將課文改寫(xiě)成劇本并參加演出。
(以上能力目標(biāo)，A四會(huì)，B三會(huì)，C二會(huì)，D一會(huì)。)
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
本單元重點(diǎn)知識(shí)：
a)單詞和詞組：effect, post, institute,determination,ray,false,endless,
willing, disappoint, cure, admire, devote to, go over, go by, have...todo with..., succeed in, believe in, work hard at, set off, pay off, give off, in honour of, from then on, above all, heart and soul.
以上單詞和詞組可通過(guò)聽(tīng)對(duì)話錄音，教師介紹Madame Curie 過(guò)程中呈現(xiàn)，然后用問(wèn)答討論課文內(nèi)容等方式再現(xiàn)以上單詞和詞組加深理解詞義，掌握用法，最后用句型轉(zhuǎn)換或補(bǔ)全句子等方法鞏固，開(kāi)發(fā)運(yùn)用。如：以“cure”一詞為例：
呈現(xiàn)：Scientistes soon discovered that it could be used as acure for
cancer.(P4 Lesson 2) n.
科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)鐳可以用來(lái)治療癌癥。
再現(xiàn)：Radium is something that can cure people who are suffering from cancer, isn't
it?
開(kāi)發(fā)：Uncle Li coughed for days. He went to see quite a few doctors, but
him.
(none of them could cure)
以下各句僅供參考：
1.A:Mr.Lin looked unhappy this morning.
B: That's true. He was disappointed at the news that his son failed the exams.
A: I see. That's really disappointing news.
2.After graduation we'll be able to have some other choices besides going to
universities.
3.Motherland, fatherland,nativeland and homeland are the same in meaning.
4.Groundfloor is used in Britain, while firstfloor, in America.
5.His bad health is a great disadvantage to him, for he even cannot spend the weekend
with his family outside.
6.This medicine did not seem to have much effect, for he still coughed after taking
it.
7.The doctor took some X-rays of her, and found she was seriously ill.
8.The girl gave him an admiring look, for she admired his courage and bravery at
the battle.
9.Madame Curie devoted herself to the discovery of radium, which plays an important
role in modern science.
10.The growth of plants has much to do with the climate.
11.Did Jane have anything to do with that quarrel?
12.The bomb could be set off by the slightest touch.
13.We have celebrations on National Day in honour of our motherland.
b)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：
呈現(xiàn)：1.On the laboratory bench was a glass container from which came a tiny
soft light. (P3 Lesson 2)
2.In fact, radium not only damaged their health but also made the laboratory
equipment with which they were working radioactive.(P4 Lesson 3)
3.The radium with which she had worked for many years had caused blindness
and illness and finally a disease of the blood.(P4 Lesson 3)
分解：以上三個(gè)句子可分別寫(xiě)成簡(jiǎn)單句，然后再組合成定語(yǔ)從句
1.On the laboratory bench was a glass. From the bench came a tiny soft light.
2.In fact, radium not only damaged their health but also made the laboratory
equipment. They were working with the equipment.
3.The radium had caused blindness and illness and finally a disease of the
blood.
She had worked with the radium for years.
重新組合(與呈現(xiàn)同)這種方式可以不用漢語(yǔ)講授，用投影儀直接呈現(xiàn)，簡(jiǎn)單易懂。教師可用這種形式操練，以便鞏固。
二、 學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
本單元應(yīng)掌握的難點(diǎn)知識(shí)：
a)在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，如何正確選擇介詞。
一般說(shuō)來(lái)，介詞常常與名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞有關(guān)，并有許多固定的詞組。注意介詞的這個(gè)特點(diǎn)，便可以正確選擇介詞。如：
例1 You'll be shown the new library I told you yesterday.
A. to which B. about which C. with which D. in which
答案：B
解析： “tell sb. about sth.”是一個(gè)固定的句型，先行詞在從句中作“about”一詞的賓語(yǔ)，故答案為B。
例2 Old John opened the door and found a large table in the middle of the room
lay a lighted lamp.
A. in which B. on that C. on which D. under which
答案：C
解析：此句的意思是“老約翰推開(kāi)門發(fā)現(xiàn)屋子里有一張大桌子，桌子上放著一盞點(diǎn)燃的燈。”先行詞是“table”，介詞與“table”有關(guān)，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，故答案為C。
注意：在以下兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞不能前置：
例3 Is the book that you are looking for?
例4 She is the girl who(whom, or that)I took for your sister just now.
解析：以上兩個(gè)句子中的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，因?yàn)橄刃性~在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。但兩句中的介詞不能前置。因?yàn)椤發(fā)ook for”和“take for”(誤認(rèn)為)是固定搭配的詞組。如果把詞組中的兩個(gè)單詞分開(kāi)，容易造成誤解。所以，在動(dòng)詞和介詞搭配的詞組中，當(dāng)介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞就失去原來(lái)的意思，這個(gè)詞組中的介詞就不能前置。這樣的詞組常見(jiàn)的有：look after, look into(調(diào)查)，get in(收獲)，take care of, take off, be used to, make use of, take part in等。
b)難句解析：On the laboratory bench was a glass container from which came a tiny soft light.(P3 Lesson 2)
解析：這是一個(gè)“介詞‘from’＋關(guān)系代詞‘which’”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。此句又是一個(gè)倒裝句，主句和從句均倒裝。句中的主語(yǔ)分別是“a glass container”和“a tiny soft light”。在主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的句子中，當(dāng)介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)全部倒裝。如：
In front of the village stood a huge pine tree.
【妙文賞析】
About Madame Curie
Madame Curie(Marie Curie,1867-1934),the greatest woman scientist, played an important role in the development of modern physics. Her discovery of radium opened the treasure-house of atomic energy. In 1903 Madame Curie and her husband Pierre Curie shared the Nobel Prize for physics. After Pierre Curie's death in 1906,Madame Curie became the first woman professor at the Sorbonne (巴黎大學(xué)). In 1911 she was awarded a second Noble Prize, this time for chemistry, for her discovery of radium and polonium. Later she worked on the application of radioactivity to medicine.
Madame Curie fought a continuous battle throughout her life. She was born into a teacher's family. Her father was a teacher of physics,her mother the principal of a primary school. Her interest in science was encouraged by her father. From her early childhood, she loved to study and hoped to become a scientist. After her graduation from middle school at the age of sixteen, she had to make money by giving private lessons at night in order to go abroad to continue her study. In 1891,at the age of twenty-four, she left for Paris and entered Paris University. She lived a simple life and studied very hard. She used to keep on working under the faint light of an oil lamp until the early hours of the morning. She graduated with the highest grades in her class. After graduation she did her scientific research work in Paris University. In 1895,she married Pierre Curie, a French physicist. Pierre joined Marie in her research. Finally they succeeded in 1902.
【思維體操】
1.高三復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)如何進(jìn)行應(yīng)試前的自我完善。請(qǐng)參考以下方法：
a)機(jī)械記憶與理解記憶相結(jié)合完成大綱所規(guī)定的知識(shí)量(即詞法和句法的有關(guān)內(nèi)容)；
b)按高考試題分類進(jìn)行單項(xiàng)突破訓(xùn)練(即集中時(shí)間和精力在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重點(diǎn)解決一類問(wèn)題。如，完型填空題的解題思路和答題技巧)；
c)按高考規(guī)定的每類題所需時(shí)間進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，總結(jié)查找失誤的原因強(qiáng)化知識(shí)的準(zhǔn)確性，培養(yǎng)正確的思維習(xí)慣和應(yīng)試心理，提高解題速度。
三、 智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
本單元語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)是定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句是句法中的一種。在歷屆高考第Ⅰ大題單項(xiàng)填空中句法知識(shí)的考查占有一定比例。如：
The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect.(1994)
A. what B. which C. that D. it(答案：B)
解析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。從內(nèi)容上看“The weather turned out to be very good”應(yīng)該是“ was more than we could expect”的主語(yǔ)，因此可以斷定此句是非限定定語(yǔ)從句。在非限定定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which，答案為B。
【動(dòng)腦動(dòng)手】
同步訓(xùn)練(Unit 1)
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)
1.-What will you do after g ?
-My parents suggest that I should go to university first.
2.It is a d not to be able to keep the balance of nature.
3.The villagers will carry out their plan with d that they would cover the
desert nearby with green trees.
4.With many factories Shenyang is the centre of i area in Liaoning Province.
5.Jane said she would be w to help us with our English in any way she could.
6.Everyone was s by the sudden earthquake but nobody was killed with the
help of the PLA men.
7.The old man looked very pale, and seemed to have s a great deal.
8.The line of waiting people seemed to be e before the ticket window and
the Smiths had no choice but to stand in line patiently.
9.“Why m water is good for heath?” little Tom asked his mother.
10.In China, many universities have i of education.
Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)選擇
11.The result of the experiment was . However, Mr Wang would have a tenth
try.
A. disappointed B. disappointing C.disappointment D. disappoint
12.The first engine invented by Watt smoke and steam when it was started.
A. give out B. sent out C. gave off D. sent off
13.Prof.Black has been working in the forest for years, to the research of wild
plants and animals.
A. devoted B. devoting C. to devote D. and devote
14.The doctor's job is to people who are ill.
A. treat B. tend C. examine D. cure
15.-Never waste anything, but never waste time.
-I ,dad.
A. above all, won't B. first, will C. do, see D. please, don't
16.-Do you what he said?
-Yes, of course. He is an honest boy and I him.
A. believe, believe B. believe in, believe
C. believe, believe in D. believe in, believe in
17.John left his hometown at the age of 15,and he has never been back.
A. since then B. from then on C. from then D. after that time
18.Edison had many before finding the right way and in the end came to
him.
A. failure, success B. failures, success
C. failure, successes D. failures, successes
19.Don't you think what is learned in books what is learned through
experience?
A. has the same deep effect on a student's character as
B. have the same deep result for a student's character as
C. is the same to a student's character as
D. are the same to a student's character
20.Some animals are dying away, the fact that they have been hunted and that
the forests have been seriously destroyed.
A. that has something to do with
B. which has much to do with
C. and has a lot to do with
D. what is something to do with
Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)
Madame Curie was the discover of radium. Her husband, 21.
Pierre Curie, joined him in the search for this element. 22.
They believed that something in the nature which gave 23.
out radiation. The Curie set up their laboratory in an old 24.
building. Its walls and roof were made of the wood and 25.
glass. It was cold in winter and hot in summer. Water 26.
dripped from the ceiling on rain days. But in this 27.
uncomfortable shed the Curies took four very years. 28.
They were happiest years of their lives. For it was 29.
here where they finally discovered radium in the year 30.
of 1902,which opened the treasure-house of atomicenergy.
【創(chuàng)新園地】
Madame Curie 曾經(jīng)這樣描述她的思想，“Life is not easy for any of us. We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well, and that, when we discover what this something is, we must work hard at it until we succeed.”正像她描述的那樣，Madame Curie自信，堅(jiān)定，不畏困難，終于找到了她的“something”并且取得了成功，為此，她付出了巨大的代價(jià)--孩子和生命。
組織學(xué)生討論并用英語(yǔ)談?wù)劯惺堋？梢蕴岢鲆韵聠?wèn)題：
1)Will you give us an example to show that life is not easy but we must work?
2)Do you believe in yourself all the time? Give an example.
3)Do you believe that each one of us is able to do something well?
4)Have you found this something yours? What is it?
這些問(wèn)題不同層次的學(xué)生都能回答，是開(kāi)發(fā)運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的好機(jī)會(huì)。
參考答案
1.graduation 2.disadvantage 3.determination 4.industrial 5.willing 6.shocked 7.suffered 8.endless 9.mineral 10.institutions 11-15.BCADA 16-20.CADAB 21.discover-discoverer 22.him-her 23.the nature-nature 24.Curie-Curies 25.the wood-wood 26. 27.rain-rainy 28.took-spent 29.happiest-the happiest 30.where-that