語法和詞匯考點詳解----非謂語動詞
【命題依據】 非謂語動詞包括不定式、動名詞、現在分詞和過去分詞等幾種形式。它是中學英語語法中的重點和難點，也是歷年高考題中的必考項目。單項填空題中平均每年有1-3題涉及該部分內容，常考考點主要為：動名詞和不定式作賓語或賓語補足語的用法比較；現在分詞和過去分詞作定語和狀語的用法比較；現在分詞和過去分詞的用法比較以及非謂語動詞在特定語境中的考查。該項內容能考查考生在具體語言環境中理解句子結構、分析句子的邏輯主語的能力。
[例題1]_____ as the "first lady of speech", Dr, Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on communication skills.
A. KnowingB. Having known C. Known D. To be known
【解題關鍵】解答該題的關鍵在于根據句意，準確判斷選項動詞在句中所作成分。
【答案解析】該題考查過去分詞在句中用作原因狀語。根據句意及句子結構可知，句子的主語Dr, Lillian Glass實際上就是選項動詞的主語，相當于As he is known as ...引導的原因狀語從句，為被動結構，故選過去分詞known。答案為C。
[例題2]-Why do you look sad?
-There are so many problems _____.
A. remaining to settle B. remained settling
C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled
【解題關鍵】 解答該題的關鍵在于要準確把握There be句子結構及系動詞remain的用法。
【答案解析】remain 在There be 結構中用作后置定語，由于remain是不及物動詞，故應用現在分詞remaining，相當于定語從句that remains；動詞settle置于remain之后，應用動詞不定式的被動結構來表示動作還未完成。答案為C。
[例題3]At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, _____ up around 4 percent of national total.
A. made B. to make C. making D. having made
【解題關鍵】 解答該題的關鍵是要理解選項動詞與前面分句結構關系，并準確把握其主動與被動的意義以及動作的一般性和完成性。
【答案解析】該句考查分詞在句中用作結果狀語。make up為及物動詞短語，在前一分句動作之后發生，根據句意，表示主動，故應選making用作結果狀語，相當于并列句and it made 或定語從句which made 句型結構。答案為C。
[例題4]-The English exam is not difficult, is it?
-_____. Even Tom _____ to the top students failed in it.
A. Yes; belongs B. No; belonged C. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging
【解題關鍵】 解答該題的關鍵是要根據上下文情景正確判斷"前否后肯"反意問句的回答以及對句子結構的準確理解。
【答案解析】根據答句句意"甚至最好的學生湯姆考試也失敗了"可知，第一空應選Yes,(it is)意為"不，英語考試難"；第二空選項動詞belong與to構成不及物動詞短語，在句中用作定語，故應選現在分詞belonging，相當于定語從句who belongs to ...,注意句子的主謂結構為Even Tom failed in it。答案為C。
[例題5]-We didn’t find the Blacks _____ the lecture.
-No one had told him about ____ a lecture the following day.
A. to attend; there to be B. attending; there being
C. attended;there be D. attend; there was
【解題關鍵】 解答該題的關鍵在于準確把握"感覺動詞"的復合結構的運用以及介詞后There be結構的使用。
【答案解析】第一空動詞attend為及物動詞，表主動，根據感覺動詞find所跟復合結構，不可使用to attend，過去分詞attended表被動，意義也不成立，可選用attending或attend，但根據句意，此處強調狀態，故attending現在分詞為最佳選項；第二空介詞about 后應使用動名詞形式there being。答案B。
[例題6]Only____ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. having been taken
【解題關鍵】 解答該題的關鍵在于正確區分分詞的用法。
【答案解析】根據句意可知，選項動詞的邏輯主語the medicine與動詞take之間為被動關系，實際上相當于一個時間狀語從句only when it is taken...結構，故應選taken在句中用作狀語。答案B。
[例題7] The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if____ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen
【解題關鍵】 解答該題的關鍵是準確把握連接詞as if后非謂語動詞的選用。
【答案解析】當as if后面直接跟一個動詞時，常使用不定式to do來表示目的，相當于as if he were (was) to do sth說明動作的未完成性。答案為C。
[例題8]-Is there any possibility of the film____ in Paris International Festival?
-Not in the least, because audience generally think little of it.
A. trying out B. tried out C. to try out D. being tried out
【解題關鍵】 解答該題的關鍵是要正確理解介詞后動名詞的主動式與被動式的選用以及動名詞與其邏輯主語之間的關系。
【答案解析】選項動詞短語在句中用作介詞of的賓語，應使用動名詞形式，根據句意可知，介詞of 后的名詞the film為動名詞短語try out的邏輯主語，且為被動關系，故應選用動名詞的被動結構。答案D。
[例題9]-Hi, Mary. Would you like to go to the concert this evening?
-Sorry, Tom. ____ tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you.
A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared
C. Not to prepareD. Being not prepared
【解題關鍵】 解答該題的關鍵是要準確區分非謂語動詞作狀語的意義及用法，以及否定副詞not的位置。
【答案解析】根據句意可知，選項動詞為原因狀語，表主動，強調動作的完成性，相當于一個原因狀語從句：As I haven’t prepared tomorrow’s lessons...故應選B(Not having prepared);選項A為現在分詞，不表示完成的意思；選項C為不定式的否定結構表目的；選項D為被動結構，not應置于分詞being前面，均不符句意。答案B。
[例題10]Every student in our class had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office_____.
A. to send it to B. to send it
C. to be sent to D. to have it sent
【解題關鍵】解答該題關鍵是要注意疑問詞后接不定式主動結構與被動結構用作賓語時的用法區別。
【答案解析】根據句意及句子結構可知，選項部分不定式與疑問詞一起作為句子的賓語，在這一結構中，常用不定式的主動結構，可以轉換為賓語從句：but no one knew which office he would send it to。注意send sth to sb/sp為固定短語，to為介詞，不能省略。答案A。
[例題11]-O’Neal works hard.
-So he does. He is often seen _____ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.
A. to be sweated B. sweated
C. be sweated D. sweating
【解題關鍵】 解答該題關鍵是要正確處理好"感覺動詞、使役動詞"主動形式與被動形式復合結構中動詞的選用。
【答案解析】根據句子結構可知，感覺動詞see用于被動結構，選項A、C不可以用于這一結構中；選項B為被動意義，不成立；只有選項D(sweating)現在分詞與be seen構成復合結構，強調狀態。答案為D。
[例題12]-How did you get in touch with Mrs. Green?
-Well, it seems to me that you’ve forgottenme her telephone number the other day.
A. to tell B. to have told C. telling D. being told
【解題關鍵】 解答該題關鍵是要在上下文語境中理解動詞forget后接動名詞與不定式的用法區別。
【答案解析】根據問話人的句意可知，"已與Mrs. Green取得聯系"了。故回答部分說明"已經忘記了告訴電話號碼這件事"，應該使用forget doing sth/having done sth "某事已做，但忘了"，forget to do sth意為"忘記要去做的事情"，強調動作還未發生。答案C。
責任編輯：李芳芳