語法復習十二：非謂語動詞（一）--動詞不定式

動詞不定式、分詞(現在分詞，過去分詞)和動名詞統稱為非謂語動詞。現代英語將現在分詞和動名詞合為一大類叫作v + ing形式。這些動詞的形式不能在句中單獨作謂語用，因而沒有語法主語。但可以有邏輯主語。由于沒有語法主語，也就不受人稱和數的限定，因為不是謂語，也就沒有時態和語態，但這些詞仍能表示動作和狀態，所以仍有表示與其他動詞相對時間關系的形式。由于與其它詞有邏輯上的主謂關系，因此也有表示主、被動的形式，同時也有自己的賓語和狀語，一起構成非謂語動詞的短語(動詞不定式短語，分詞短語，動名詞短語)。非謂語動詞在英語語法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非謂語動詞形式多樣，應用廣泛，且在句中起著很活躍的作用，也是語法項目中的重點和難點，學好非謂語動詞，才能正確進行口語和書面的交流。

動詞不定式、過去分詞及v-ing形式在句中均不能作謂語用，所以叫做非謂語動詞。

（一）動詞不定式：

動詞不定式由“to+ 動詞原形”構成，如：to study, to play，動詞不定式雖然不能作謂語動詞用，但仍留著動詞的特征，它可以帶有所需要的賓語或狀語而構成動詞不定式短語，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。

1、動詞不定式的形式變化：動詞不定式有下列時態和語態的形式變化。

語態式 一般式 完成式 進行式 完成進行式

主 動 to build to have built to be building to have been building

被 動 to be build to have been build

2、動詞不定式的基本用法：動詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，可在句中作主語、表語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語用，如：

（1）作主語：To help each other is good.（動詞不定式作主語時，一般可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的動詞不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.

（2）作表語：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 動詞不定式在系動詞be之后作表語，與表示將來時的be + 動詞不定式結構有所區別，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我們的計劃是給農民子弟再成立一所中學。（句中的謂語動詞為is，動詞不定式to set up… 為表語，主語為plan，但plan并不是動詞不定式的邏輯主語，即動詞不定式 to set up所表示的動作不是主語plan產生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我們將為農民的子弟再成立一所中學。（句中的are to set up整個結構為句中謂語，主語為we，同時也是動詞不定式to set up所表示的動作的邏輯主語，即動詞不定式to set up所表示的動作是由we產生的）。

（3）作賓語：①作及物動詞的賓語，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容詞的賓語：可以有動詞不定式為賓語的形容詞一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③動詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，但動詞不定式之前如有疑問詞時，就可作介詞的賓語，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?

（4）作賓語補足語，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的謂語動詞為see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作賓語補足語的動詞不定式須將to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.

（5）動詞不定式在句中作賓語，如帶有賓語補足語時，須先用it作形式賓語，而將該動詞不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way.

（6）作定語：動詞不定式作定語時，須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定語用的動詞不定式如果是不及物動詞，不定式后面就要用必要的介詞，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place, time, way，不定式后面的介詞，習慣上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.

（7）作狀語：動詞不定式可以作下列的狀語：①目的狀語： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 為了強調不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或為了），但應注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 將表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可強調目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②結果狀語：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉的解放。③too + 形容詞或副詞 + 動詞不定式，表示“足能…”的結果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.

3、復合結構不定式：由for + 名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 動詞不定式即構成復合結構的動詞不定式。其中for本身無意義。for后面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語，這種不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語或狀語，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 當作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質或特征時，就用介詞of而不用for引出不定式的邏輯主語，這些形容詞一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.

4、疑問詞 + 動詞不定式：疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動詞不定式構成不定式短語，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.

5、動詞不定式的否定式：動詞不定式的否定式是由not + 動詞不定式構成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.

6、動詞不定式的時態形式所表示的時間關系：（1）一般式：動詞不定式一般式所表示的動作是和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生，但在多數情況下，是在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同時）；（2）完成式：動詞不定式完成式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.（3）進行式：動詞不定式進行式所表示的動作正在進行中，而且與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.

7、動詞不定式的被動語態用法：如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語為這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般就用被動語態形式，如：What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.

練習、非謂語動詞（一）

1. ---- Can you ride a horse? ---- No, I never had the chance ____.

A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it D. to learn how

2. Paul said, "Give me a chair _____."

A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on

3. I ran too fast ______ where I was going.

A. to notice B. for me to notice C. to notice for me D. and notice

4. ---- Have you enjoyed your visit here? ---- Yes, I'll be very sorry______ .

A. for leaving B.of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving

5. ---- I'll help you whenever you need me. ---- Good. I'd like _____me tomorrow.

A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help

6. ---- I didn't hear you come in last night. ---- That's good. We tried_____ noisy.

A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be

7. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still ______.

A. a good place which to be lived in B. lived as a good place

C. a good place to live in D. living in as a good place

8. ---- Why was the official meeting called? ---- ______ new officers.

A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting

9. ---- Where did he go? ---- He went to another store ______.

A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils

10. ---- My baby has a heart trouble. ---- Did the doctor find it difficult ______ ?

A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat

11. ---- Did the judge ask you many questions? ---- Yes, and ______.

A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult

C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering

12. That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday.

A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. didn't eat D. to not have eaten

13. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home.

A. go B. to go C. going . D. went

14.That box is____.

A. too heavy for me to carry B. too heavy for me to carry it

C. so heavy for me to carry D. very heavy for me to carry

15. Would you be ______ to do me a favour, please?

A. so kind as . B. too kind C. as kind as D. enough kind

16. To learn to speak English well,_____.

A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice

C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice

17. Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job.

A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to

18. Last summer I took a course on ______ .

A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made

C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made

19. The house is not large enough ____ .

A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living

20. Nobody likes ______.

A. to speak ill of B. to be spoken ill of C. speaking ill of D. spoken ill of

21. I know him ______ a good football player while in college.

A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been

22. I was surprised______.

A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly

C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly

23. Mr. White was seen ______ the Palace Museum.

A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to entering

24. I saw Mary ____ the house.

A. open the door and go into B. to open the door and to go into

C. open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into

25. Paul does nothing but _____ all day long.

A. play B. to play C. playing D. played

26. Now we could not do anything but ______ for him here.

A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait

27. I don't know her and I don't ______ .

A. want B. want to C. want it D. to want

28. ---- Go to the theatre with me, will you? ---- I should like ______, but I don't have time.

A. to B. too C. to do D. to go to

29. To play fair is as important as ______.

A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well

30. It is the greatest happiness on earth ______.

A. loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved

C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved

31. _____ is better to love than _____ .

A. That, to be loved B. That, be loved C. It, be loved D. It, to be loved

32. It's very foolish _____ it?

A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying

33. It ______ me two hours to find your new house.

A. cost B. took C. spent D. used

34. We did not expect our offer _____ so quickly.

A. rejected B. to reject . C. to be rejected D. rejecting

35. He told her ______ there at once.

A. get B. gets C. should get D. to get

36. We all think it most foolish ______ this mistake.

A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make

37. I really don't know ____ .

A. to swim B. how to swim C. to swim how D. how swim

38. ---- What do you think about English? ---- It's a difficult language _____.

A. speaking B. to be spoken C. to speak D. spoken

語法復習十二：非謂語動詞（二）--動詞-ing形式

（二）-ing形式：動詞的-ing形式也是一種非謂語動詞。-ing形式仍保留有動詞的特征，可以帶有其所需要的賓語或狀語而構成-ing短語。

1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物動詞的-ing還有主動語態和被動語態，而不及物動詞的-ing則沒有被動語態。現在以及物動詞make 和不及物動詞go為例，將其-ing各種形式列表如下：

動詞 語態

形式 及物動詞make 不及物動詞go

主動語態 被動語態 主動語態

一般式 making being made going

完成式 having made having been made having gone

2、-ing形式的基本用法。

（1）作主語：Seeing is believing.百聞不如一見。Talking is easier than doing. –ing作主語時，如果其結構較長，可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的-ing后置。如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.

（2）作表語：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.

（3）作賓語：①作及物動詞的賓語。She likes drawing very much.；②作某些短語動詞的賓語。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York.；③ do+限定詞（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，表示“做…事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介詞的賓語：Her sister is good at learning physics.；⑤作形容詞worth, busy等的賓語：This book is well worth reading. –ing作賓語帶有賓語補足語時，要用it作為形式賓語，而將作賓語的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?

（4）作定語：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定語用時，如果-ing只是一個單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，如果是-ing短語，就位于其修飾的名詞之后，-ing作定語時，被-ing所修飾的名詞就是該-ing的邏輯主語。另外，-ing作定語用時，其動作和句子謂語動詞所表示的動作是同時進行的，如果不是同時進行的，就不能用-ing作定語，要使用定語從句，如：The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.

（5）作賓語補足語：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：當-ing在復合賓語中作賓語補足語用時，句中賓語就是這個-ing的邏輯主語，可以帶有這種復合賓語的動詞有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。

（6）作狀語：①時間狀語：Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother. 分詞在句中作時間狀語時，其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因狀語：Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. ③方式或伴隨狀語：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.

3、主動語態-ing完成式的基本用法。主動語態-ing完成式所表

詞所表示的動作之前，一般在句中作時間或原因狀語用。句中的主語是它的邏輯主語，并且是它所表示的動作的執行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.

4、被動語態-ing一般式的基本用法。被動語態-ing一般式所表示的動作是一個正在進行中的被動動作，而且這個被動動作也是和句中謂語所表示的動作同時發生的。它一般在句中作定語或狀語用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours.

5、被動語態-ing完成式的基本用法。被動語態-ing完成式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，在句中一般作狀語用。如：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.

6、-ing形式的復合結構。在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞所有格即構成-ing的復合結構。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語。這種結構在句中可作主語、賓語或表語，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口語中，這種結構如作賓語用，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞的賓格，名詞的所有格常用名詞的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there first.

7、-ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作主語、表語、賓語時的區別。一般說來，表示一個比較抽象或泛指的動作時多用-ing形式。表示一個具體某一次的動作時，多用動詞不定式，如：Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.

8、-ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作定語的區別。-ing形式作定語用時，其動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動詞同時發生，而動詞不定式作定語時，其動作一般發生在句中謂語動詞所表示的動作之后。如：The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.

9、-ing形式與動詞不定式在作賓語補足語時的區別。（1）不定式作賓補時，其動作一般發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作賓補，表示其動作正在進行中，而用不帶to的不定式作賓補時，不定式所表示的動作是一個動作的過程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我聽見她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room.我聽見她在屋里唱過歌。

10、-ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作狀語的區別。-ing形式在句作狀語表示時間、原因、方式或伴隨情況，而動詞不定式一般式在句中作狀語時，一般是作目的或結果狀語，如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.

練習、非謂語動詞（二）

1. Alien said that his trip was _______.

A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. of interest

2. We can't understand ______ a decision until it is too late.

A. him to postpone to make B. his postponing to make

C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making

3. I couldn't understand ______ at the poor child.

A. you to laugh B. you laugh C. why laugh D. you laughing

4. It's no use______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall.

A. arguing, argue B. to argue, arguing C. arguing, arguing D. to argue, argue

5. It is no good ______ today's work for tomorrow.

A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave

6. The old man's ______ pity on the snake led to his own death.

A. take B. taking C. being taken D. have

7. It's very kind ______ you ______ say so.

A. of, to B. for, to C. to, to D. of, /

8. Some people's greatest pleasure is ______ .

A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fish D. being fishing

9. Remember ______ the book, when you have finished it.

A. putting back B. having put back C. to put back D. will put back

10. You didn't hear us come back last night. That's good. We tried ______ noisy.

A. to not be B. not to be C. being not D. not being

11. Though he failed, he tried _______ it again and again.

A. to do B. doing C. do D. done.

12. You'll regret ______ those words. You may hurt her feelings.

A. say B. to say C. having said D. to have said

13. You can keep the book until you ______ .

A. have finished reading B. finish to read

C. will finish reading D. have finished to read

14. We are looking forward to ______ another chance ______ it again.

A. be given, to try B. give, to try .C. giving, trying D. having, to try

15. Most of the students enjoy_____ stamps.

A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected

16. Excuse me for _____ in without ______.

A. coming, asking B. coming, being asked C. to come, asking D. to come, being asked

17. People couldn't help ______ the foolish girl.

A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing :

18. "What do you think of the book?" "Oh. excellent, it's worth _______ a second time."

A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read

19. "I usually go there by train." "Why not ______ by boat for a change?"

A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

20. I was too excited ______ .

A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking

21. Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.

A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

22. It is no use _____to come now. He is busy.

A. ask him B. to ask him C. that you ask him D. asking him

23. The murder was brought in, with his hands _______ behind his back.

A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied

24. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ____ after drinking.

A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive.

25. The computer centre, ______ last year is very popular among the students in this school.

A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened.

26. Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree?

A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying

27. Most of the artists ______ to the party 'were from South Africa.

A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited

28. English is a language ______ in many countries.

A. spoken B. speaking C. be spoken D. to speak

29. "Can you read?" Mary said to the notice.

A. angrily, pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily, pointed D. and angrily pointing

30. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of Tight.

A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed

31. ____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given

32. _____their students, the famous teacher came into the hall.

A. Followed B. Followed by

C. Being followed D. Having been followed

33. Your flat needs _____ . Would you like me it for you?

A. to clean, to do B. cleaning, doing C. cleaning, to do D. to be cleaned, doing

34. Does your new secretary ____ short hand?

A. know to take B. know how to take C. know how take D. know how taking

35. Tommy had his big brother _____ his shoes for him.

A. to tie B. tie C. tied D. tying

36. Would you please ______ write on the textbooks?

A. don't B. not to C. not D. to not

37. I'd ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.

A. rather not have B. rather not to have C. not rather had D. rather not having

38. Your mother and I are looking forward________ you.

A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to see D. to seeing

39. The girl couldn't_____ how red his face was.

A. help to notice B. be helping to notice C. be helping noticing D. help noticing

40. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ______.

A. taking B. to take C. take D. taken

語法復習十二：非謂語動詞（三）--過去分詞

（三）過去分詞：

1、過去分詞的基本用法：過去分詞只有一種形式，也沒有主動語態，它所表示的動作是一個被動的或是已完成的動作。過去分詞在句中也可用作定語、表語、賓語或狀語等成分。過去分詞在句中作某種成分時，其邏輯主語一般為該分詞所表示的動作的承受者，如：

（1）作定語：過去分詞作定語時，如果這個分詞是一個單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞短語，就位于其修飾的名詞之后。被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.

（2）作表語：過去分詞作表語時，表示其邏輯主語所處的狀態，其邏輯主語就是句中的主語，如：The glass is broken.這個玻璃杯是破的。 注：過去分詞作表語時，和動詞的被動語態結構相似，但兩者表達的意義不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.這個玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表語用的過去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。

（3）作賓語補足語：過去分詞作賓語補足語時，句中的賓語就是其邏輯主語，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：動詞have后的復合賓語中，賓語補足語如為過去分詞，常表示該分詞所表示的動作是由別人來執行的而不是句中主語自己來執行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找別人）把我的自行車給修了。

（4）作狀語：過去分詞作狀語時，相當于一個狀語從句，該結構的邏輯主語一般都是主句的主語，是過去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語。為了使作狀語的過去分詞意義更加明確，常在分詞前加when, if, while, though, as等連詞，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是該結構的邏輯主語，是give的邏輯賓語。）

獨立主格：上述-ing和過去分詞的用法中，-ing和過去分詞在句中均有邏輯主語，但有時它們也能有自己的獨立的主語，這種獨立的主語，一般為名詞或代詞，位于其前之前，和-ing或過去分詞構成獨立主格。獨立主格在句中一般只作狀語用，而-ing和過去分詞作用的形式，則要根據它們所表示的動作和句中謂語動詞所表示的時間關系而定。至于獨立主格中是使用-ing或是過去分詞，則要根據它們的主語和其所表示的動作的主動被動關系而定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. ①獨立結構中的being或having been常可省去，如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room. ②作伴隨狀語的獨立結構常可用with短語來代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.

2、-ing形式與過去分詞的區別：

（1）語態不同：-ing形式表示主動概念，及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動概念。an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演說；the inspired audience受鼓舞的聽眾。

（2）時間關系不同：現在分詞所表示的動作一般是正在進行中的動作，而過去分詞所表示的動作，往往是已經完成的動作，如：The changing world正在發生的世界；the changed world已經起了變化的世界。

練習、非謂語動詞（三）

1. There is no question of _____ able to finish it himself.

A. Tom was B. Tom's being C. Tom's be D. Tom is

2. The new shopping center _____ now will be put into use by the end of this year.

A. built B. be built C. being built D. to be built

3. "Have you had supper?" "Not yet. The meal_____."

A. are being cooked B. is being cooked C. is cooked D. are cooked

4. "I'm glad ______ you here in the hotel." "It's my great pleasure to have you ______ us."

A. meeting, to B. to have met, with C. having met, among D. to meet, of

5. I'm afraid I can't make myself _____ in English.

A. understanding B. understand C. to be understood D. understood

6. Although in a hurry, Wilson ______.

A. couldn't stop walking B. couldn't help the stranger

C. stopped to help the stranger D. didn't answer the stranger

7. Janet is easy _____.

A. for getting along with B. by getting along with

C. to get along with D. got along with

8. Don't forget ______ the light when you leave.

A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. turned off

9. The mother is very glad; her baby is beginning ______.

A. understanding what she means B. to understand that she meant

C. to understand what she means D. noticing what she means ,

10. I think this story is _____ .

A. worth being read B. worth reading C. worth to read D. worth of reading

11. This scientist is a man ______ praise.

A. worth to B. worthy to be C. worthy of D. worth

12. I don't want ______ any more trouble, you see?

A. there being B. it to be C. it being D. there to be

13. When she returned home, she found the window open and something ______.

A. stealing B. missed C. stolen D. to steal

14. Strictly _____, it isn't worth the price you are asking.

A. to speak B. speaking C. speak D. spoken

15. Time ______, they'll come here to watch us ______ football.

A. permitted, playing B. permitted, to play C. permitting, play D. permitting, to play

16. The man was seen _____ into the courtyard.

A, stealing B. stolen C. be stealing D. had stolen

17. Bob should love _____ to the party tomorrow evening.

A. taking B. to be taken C. to take D. being taken

18. Tom had no choice but _____ the classroom with his classmates.

A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleans

19. Mr. Brown said that his car needed

A. to be repaired B. being repaired C. be repairing D. to repair

20. The old man didn't know whether to sell the car or____ .

A. being kept for later use B. kept for later use

C. to keep it for later use D. to be kept it for later use

21. The noise of the desks _____ could be heard in the next classroom.

A. being opened and closed B. opened and closed

C. having been opened and closed D. to be opened and closed

22. I remember _____ someone ____ the umbrella away.

A. to see, take B. having seen, to take

C. to see, to take D. having seen, take

23. She was noticed ______ the shop.

A. to enter B. enter C. having entered D. entered

24. I couldn't help _____ when I heard the joke.

A. being laughed B. laughing C. to be laughing D. to laugh

25._____, she burst into tears.

A. Deeply moved B. Deeply moving

C. As she deeply moved D. As she was deeply moving

26. The problem requires ______.

A. studying with great care B. to study carefully

C. to be studied without carelessness D. taking great care of studying it

27. _____ carelessly, the boy made mistakes here and there. .

A. being written B. Wrote C. Write D. Writing

28. He would rather ______ his parents with their housework than _____ out to play games.

A. to help, to go B. help, go C. help, to go D. to help, go

29. The boy had his leg _____ while ____ football.

A. broken, playing B. break, play C. broken, played D. broke, was playing

30. Having finished the work,_____. A. it was almost six o'clock

B. a postman came and delivered the evening paper and some letters

C. supper had been already prepared D. we had a rest and then had supper

31. He is ill. He has kept_____.

A. coughing all along B. to cough at night

C. cough since yesterday D. being coughed day and night

32. It is no use ____ without _____.

A. to talk, doing B. taking, being done

C. talking, doing D. being talked, being to do

33. "I usually go there by boat." "Why not _____ by train for a change?"

A. try going B. to try going C. trying to go D. to try and go

34._____, she felt quite shy at the party.

A. As she a stranger B. Being a stranger

C. According to a stranger D. She like a stranger

35. Every morning he gets up early and practises ______ and then _____ to school.

A. to read English, go B. reading English, going

C. reading English, goes D. of reading English, goes

36. While _____ football on tin playground, I found 'my keys ______.

A. playing, lost , B. play, losing C. played, being lost D. having played, lost

37. ____ the same mistakes again made his parents very angry.

A. His having made B. He has made C. He had making D. Him making

38. Dick made it ______ to all his friends.

A. to know B. known C. know D. knowing

39. Anna spends one hour a day _____ spoken English.

A. practise B. to practise C. on practising D. in practising

40. No one was surprised at _____ the examination.

A. he passing B. his pass C. him pass D. his passing

41. Although swimming is his favourite sport, yet he doesn't like _____ today.

A. to swim B. swimming C. swim D. to have swim

42. She sat at the desk and set about _____ a letter to her friend.

A. to write B. writing C. write D. written

43. This soup is cold; it needs _____.

A. to heat B. to be heated C. being hot D. heated

44. I went ______a balloon but I didn't see anyone _____ balloons.

A. to buy, to sell B. to buy, selling C. buying, selling D. buying, to sell

45. Anna is often heard ______songs in her room.

A. sung B. singing C. sing D. to sing

46. The more you practise ______ English, the better your _____ English will be.

A. to speak, speaking B. speaking, spoken C. spoken, spoken D. spoken, speaking

語法復習十二：非謂語動詞（一）--動詞不定式

1~5 DDACC 6~10 BCCAD 11~15 CABAA 16~20 BBAAB 21~25 ADBAA

26~30 DBAAC 31~35 DBBCD 36~38 BBC

語法復習十二：非謂語動詞（二）--動詞-ing形式

1~5 CDDAB 6~10 BAACB 11~15 BCADC 16~20 BCCDB 21~25 CDDAD

26~30 DAAAB 31~35 ABCBB 36~40 CADDD

語法復習十二：非謂語動詞（三）--過去分詞

1~5 BCBBD 6~10 CCBCB 11~15 CDCBC 16~20 ABAAC 21~25 ADABA

26~30 ADBAD 31~35 ACABC 36~40 AABDD 41~46 ABBBDB

責任編輯：李芳芳