、●學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ.單詞和詞組
relics,protect,select,represent,suggest,proud,event,as,include,destroy,attack,give in,living,in ruins,lie,in pieces,hide,bring…back to life,with the help (of),missing,replace,recreate,once again,solve,come true,damage,limited
Ⅱ.日常交際用語
What/How about…？Why not…？
Why don't you…? Can't we…?
Let's … Maybe we could…
Ⅲ.語法
學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)。
●學(xué)習(xí)障礙
Ⅰ.單詞及短語
proud,include,suggest,living,destroy,give in,lie,hide,missing,replace,solve
Ⅱ.語法
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
●學(xué)習(xí)策略
Ⅰ.單詞及短語部分
1.proud adj.
縱向歸納法：
(1)proud 驕傲、自豪
I'm proud to be your friend.
(2)proudly adv.
She looked at them proudly.
(3)pride n.
Pride goes before a fall.［諺］
(4)take (a) pride in sth.
He takes great pride in his work.
聯(lián)系語境法：
She's proud ________ what you've done.
A.in B.of
答案：B 固定搭配be proud of sb./sth.。
2.include vt.
縱向歸納法：
(1)include v. 包括，包含
The plan includes most of my suggestions.
(2)including 介詞
Everyone here has a book including myself.
(3)included
Everyone laughed,me included.
橫向比較法：
contain vt. 里面（裝有），包含，含有
The paper parcel(包裹) contained a clean shirt,socks and a hankerchief.
聯(lián)系語境法：
用include或contain的適當(dāng)形式填空：
(1)It's a book ________ 26 separate stories.
(2)At least 80 persons were injured,________ 5 policemen.
(3)They will send you the book for $2.75,postage（郵資）________.
答案：(1)containing�！耙槐居�26個(gè)故事的書”，include接部分，contain可接全部，“26個(gè)故事”是全部。 （2）including (3)included�！班]資”在“include”之前，postage與include是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
3.suggest vt.
縱向歸納法：
(1)suggest 建議
I suggest bringing the meeting to an end.
I suggested that we(should) have lunch now.
(2)suggest 暗示
The white look on his face suggested fear. (3)suggestion n. 建議［可數(shù)］ 輕微的跡象
I have a suggestion to make.
There was a suggestion of anger in his voice.
橫向比較法：
suggest (sb.) doing
advise doing
advise sb. to do
advice n. ［不可數(shù)］
a piece of advice
聯(lián)系語境法：
His attitude suggests that he ________ really interested.
A shouldn't be B.isn't
答案：B suggest這里不表示建議，所以從句不用(should)do。suggest表暗示，接從句時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)人稱按正常變化。
4.destroy vt.
縱向歸納法：
(1)destroy 摧毀，損毀
The forest was destroyed by fire.
(2) destruction 毀壞/滅 n.
橫向比較法：
(1)damage n.&v. 損壞，損害
When she sees the damage that you've done she'll be angry.
Mind you don't damage it.
(2)ruin vt. 毀壞/掉；使傾家蕩產(chǎn)
The storm ruined the crops.
If we should fail in this,we are ruined.
n. 毀壞，破產(chǎn)
Drink led to his ruin.
(be) in ruins 是一片廢墟，落空
The building is in ruins.
Our plans are in ruins.
聯(lián)系語境法：
用destroy,damage或ruin的適當(dāng)形式填空：
(1)I was ________ by that law case;I'm a ________ man!
(2)She feared that the rain would ________ her new shoes.
(3)The ________ of the railway was a big loss to the country.
答案：(1)ruined,ruined (2)damage或ruin,表示“損壞，弄壞”。 (3)destruction damage和ruin表示的受損程度比destruction輕。
5.give in (to sb./sth.) （向……）屈服，讓步
They never give in the enemy.
橫向比較法：
(1)give up 放棄
She didn't give up her job when she got married.
(2)give away 贈(zèng)送；泄露（機(jī)密）
She gave away most of his money to the poor.
Please don't give my secret away.
（3）give off 發(fā)出（氣味、熱）
This fire doesn't seem to be giving off much heat.
(4)give out 分發(fā)；宣布；被用完
The teacher gave out the exam papers.
He gave out that he was going to England.
The supplies are beginning to give out.
聯(lián)系語境法：
(1)He ________ to the wish of other people.
(2)He pretended to be French,but his German accent ________ him ________.
A.give in B.give up C.give away
答案：(1)A (2)C
6.lie vi.
縱向歸納法：
(1)lie 平躺/放
I lay awake fro about 10 minutes.
His hat was lying on the table.
(2)位于
The city lies to the north of the city.
橫向比較法：
lie lay lain lying vi.
lay laid laid laying vt.放（置），下蛋
lie lied lied lying 說謊
聯(lián)系語境法：
用lie,lay的正確形式填空：
(1)He ________ about his reasons for being late.
(2)Four or five miles to the east of them ________ the blue waters of Lake Michigan.
(3)They ________ me down on the bed.
答案：（1）lied (2)lay 表示“位于”，用lie的過去式。 （3）laid 及物動(dòng)詞lay的過去式。
7.hide v.
(1)hide 躲，藏
Where are you hiding?
I hid the gift under the bed.
(2)（be）hidden 作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語表狀態(tài)
The boy was hidden behind the door.
I found the boy hidden behind the door.
擊破定式法：
The sun was ________ by the clouds.
A.hiding B.hidden
答案：B 此題表示太陽被云遮住，表狀態(tài)用be hidden。
8.missing adj.丟失
Is there anything missing?
橫向比較法：
有些動(dòng)詞的-ing分詞與另一些動(dòng)詞的-ed分詞同義：
missing=lost
sitting=seated
wearing=dressed in
擊破定式法：
Our teacher stayed ________ so long that he felt very tired.
A.sit B.to sit
C.seated D.seating
答案：C 此題stay seated表示“保持坐著”的狀態(tài)。
9.replace v.
縱向歸納法：
(1)replace 代替
John is ill and has been replaced in our team by Tom.
(2)replace 放回原處，歸還
All books must be replaced on the shelves.
You must replace the stolen money.
橫向比較法：
take one's place 代替（職務(wù)或工作），接替；入座，取得地位
Shall we take our places at the table?
The new work will take its place among the most important paintings of this century.
聯(lián)系語境法：
________,please.We are about to start.
A.Take your places B.Take place
C.Take your place D.Replace
答案：A 表示“入座”。C選項(xiàng)表示“代替你”或“請(qǐng)你入座”，人稱數(shù)不符合題意。
10.solve vt.
縱向歸納法：
(1)solve 解決（問題，困難）；猜（謎）
He finally solved the difficulty.
The clever boy solved the riddle quickly.
(2)solution n. 解決（辦法），答案
There seems to be no solution to the problem.
橫向比較法：
(1)settle v.解決，處理，決定
I hope the boys settle their quarrel and become friends.
(2)定居
He settled in Canada after his retirement.
(3)settle down 安定下來
After years of travelling,he decided to settle down.
聯(lián)系語境法：
It's not ________ whether I'm going to America.
A.settled B.solved
答案：A settle表示“解決”時(shí)，通常接表示“不同、爭論”之類的詞，如disagreement等。此處表“決定”。
Ⅱ.語法部分
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：
縱向歸納法：
(1)結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has been done
I have told him.→He has been told.
She has given him the book.→He has been given the book.
→The book has been given to him.
She has named the dog Lucy.→The dog has been named Lucy.
(2)短語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)看作一個(gè)整體不能分開。
I have taken care of the child.→The child has been taken care of (by me).
He hasn't paid attention to what I said.→What I said hasn't been paid attention to (by him).
橫向比較法：
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
(1)用法：
表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)�？梢院捅硎緩倪^去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用：now,just,today,this morning,this month,this year,for,since,all the time和already,never,every,just,before,lately,recently,yet,so far,up to the present,up till now,in the past/last few years等狀語連用。
常與有介詞for,during,in within,over引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用，表示從過去的某一行為一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。
We have discussed the topic (for) the last 3 weeks.→The topic has been discussed (for) the last 3 weeks.
在“最高級(jí)+名詞”或在“這是第幾次”之后跟定語從句，從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
用在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，表示從句動(dòng)作先于主語動(dòng)作之前業(yè)已完成。
(2)與其他時(shí)態(tài)的比較：
①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。
一般過去時(shí)：只單純表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。
②現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作在繼續(xù)。
③現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：動(dòng)作過去發(fā)生，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。
過去完成時(shí)：動(dòng)作的發(fā)生在過去，結(jié)束也在過去。
(3)固定句型
①by短語
②It is the+序數(shù)詞+時(shí)間+定語從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
It was the+序數(shù)詞+時(shí)間+定語從句用過去完成時(shí)
●方法實(shí)踐
Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇
1.-Whose advice do you think I should take?
-________.
A.You speak B.That's it
C.It's up to you D.You got it
2.In Switzerland,six miles west of Geneva,________ a collection of laboratory buildings.
A.lie B.are lying
C.lies D.lays
3.What a pity!He ________ the only chance of success.
A.threw away B.put down
C.gave in D.broke off
4.-What do you think of the manager of your company?
-Oh,he is ________ manager who is pleasant to work with.It's ________ pleasure to work with him.
A.the;the B.a;a
C.a;the D.the;/
5.To celebrate the winning of China's successful bid for the 2008 Olympic Games,Beijing city held an outdoor ________,which attracted a crowd of million people.
A.case B.action
C.affair D.event
6.With a lot of problems ________,the principal decided to hold a meeting to have a thorough discussion about them.
A.to solve B.being solved
C.solving D.solved
7.-Don't look down upon John.He has his own advantages.
-Oh,yes.________ others are weak,he is strong.
A.If B.When
C.Though D.Where
8.-Why not join us in the game?
-________.
A.Sure,please do B.No,you do the same
C.Oh,that's all right D.OK,coming
9.Compared with Jack,Tom was always ________ well and neatly.
A.dressed B.wearing
C.dressing D.putting on
10.His tired face suggested that he ________ really tired after the long walk.
A.had been B.was
C.be D.should be
11.My suggestion is that a few more people ________ there to help me.
A.be sent B.have sent
C.sent D.should send
12.Shortly after we ________,a waiter came over to our table with a smile.
A.seated B.were seated
C.sat ourselves D.took places
13.Have a good rest,you need to ________ your energy for the tennis match this afternoon.
A.leave B.save
C.hold D.get
14.-Are all telephone numbers ________ in the directory?
-Yes,all ________ Jane's.
A.listed;included B.listing;includes
C.listed;including D.being listed;being included
15.-How about this kind of fruit?
-Oh,this kind of fruit ________ lots of vitamine C and B.
A.remains B.includes
C.contains D.holds
16.The simple joy of reading is something we take for granted.But many people have had to ________ this pleasure because of poor eyesight.
A.give in B.give off
C.give out D.give up
17.The ________ boy was last seen ________ near the East Lake.
A.missing;playing B.missing;play
C.missed;played D.missed;to play
18.The ________ look on Miss White's face told us that she was ________ great trouble.
A.worrying;in B.worried;in
C.worrying;with D.worried;with
19.The gas tank ________ twenty gallons of gas,but now it may ________ only three gallons. A.holds;contain B.holds;include
C.is held;be contained D.is held;include
20.I've always ________ coming to China,and now my dream has ________.
A.dreamt;been realized B.dreamt of;realized
C.dreamt of;come true D.dreamt;gone true
21.The way they talked ________ the problem seemed impossible.
A.about solving B.to solve
C.of solving D.about to solve
22.The hunter ________ his gun against the pine tree and ________ down for a rest.
A.laid;lay B.lay;laid
C.laid;lied D.lied;lay
23.Many scientists say the computer will ________ human beings sooner or later.
A.take place of B.take its place
C.replace D.take place
24.However,that night was the worst one in ________.
A.a history B.history
C.the history D.any history
25.As he entered the room,he found many books ________ scattered on the floor.
A.laying B.lied
C.lain D.lying
Ⅱ.閱讀理解
“There is no arguing about taste”-runs the Latin proverb.But taste did not just happen.Cultural,historical,biological and environmental events have interacted to cause frogs,for example,to be viewed as delicious in southern China but to be regarded with revulsion（厭惡） in northern China.Even though much remains unknown,tastes cannot be dismissed as inarguable or illogical;an attempt will be made here to discover why,as Lucretius put it,“What is food to one man may be fierce poison to others.”
Among the thirty million tribal people of India,a total of 250 animal species(物種) are avoided by one group or another.Most of these people will not eat meat from a tiger or any of various snakes.Although they say they feel a relationship with these animals,it is obvious that both are highly dangerous and that hunting them systematically would be foolish.
Monkeys are avoided,probably because they look like human beings in appearance;in these tribes,man-eating is viewed as extremely cruel.That the tribal people don't eat some female animals has come from respect for the mother's role,but it could also be due to a policy of allowing the females to reproduce and provide more young for people.Many tribes avoid eating any animal that has died of unknown causes-an intelligent attitude in view of the possibility that the animal might have died from a disease that could spread to humans.Animals that consume garbage are similarly avoided-an adaptive step that prevents contact with parasites（寄生蟲）,and that might explain why members of one tribe eat any of twenty-one different species of rats,but not the house rats.
1.“There is no arguing about taste”,which means ________.
A.people don't like to talk about food
B.one's taste in food is hard to explain
C.there is no quarrelling about to eat
D.no arguments about taste have been heard of before
2.It can be concluded from the first paragraph that ________.
A.the author is against eating frogs
B.taste is illogical and inarguable C.some types of frogs are poisonous
D.taste is determined by many factors
3.The tribal people in India may not eat the following animals EXCEPT________ .
A.donkeys
B.tigers
C.female deer
D.house rats
4.The passage is probably written for the purpose of ________.
A.introducing the eating habit of Indian tribal people
B.tell different types of taste apart
C.describing people's different choices of taste
D.explaining the relationship between taste and tribes
5.Which is not the possible reason of not eating female monkeys?
A.People respect mothers of all kinds.
B.Female monkeys and human beings look alike.
C.Female monkeys give birth to more young.
D.Female monkeys may spread a certain disease.
Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)
When I was a young child,search for grey hairs for 1.________
my father was a great favorite of mine,because of I 2.________
could get a reward of one jiao if I found it.At 3.________
that time,I was eager that all my father's hair 4.________
would be grey…Ten years late,I was lucky 5.________
enough to accepted by a famous university.The 6.________
day I left,father kept telling me take care of 7.________
myself and studied hard and so on.To my surprise, 8.________
most of my hair had turned grey over-night,but I 9.________
didn't feel as happily as before.Tears danced in my eyes. 10.________
Now,I always think of my father's grey hair…
Ⅳ.書面表達(dá)
假如你校與美國某中學(xué)是友好學(xué)校，美方中學(xué)的校刊來信了解你校學(xué)生課外活動(dòng)情況，經(jīng)問卷調(diào)查，所了解的情況如下面的表格所示。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)此表內(nèi)容用英語寫一篇短文，介紹有關(guān)情況。
課外活動(dòng)時(shí)間 活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目 最受歡迎的項(xiàng)目 希望與建議
每天一節(jié)
4:00p.m.~
5:00 p.m
體育、閱讀ば巳ば∽楠じ櫛
球類比賽じ櫨窖萁脖熱の⒒ 增加課外活動(dòng)時(shí)間，減少作業(yè)量。多安排專題講座，多組織旅游參觀以了解社會(huì)。
要求：
1.不要按表格逐項(xiàng)翻譯。
2.字?jǐn)?shù)100個(gè)左右，短文題目已給出。
Out-of-class Activities in Our School
Ⅴ.同步語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
1.You can see the house ________ for years.
A.isn't painted B.hasn't painted
C.hasn't been painted D.hadn't been painted
2.Some new oil fields ________ since 1976.
A.were opened up
B.has opened up
C.have been opened up
D.had been opened up
3.A good deal of money ________ spent on books.
A.have B.has
C.have been D.has been
4.-Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?
-She has ________ by her classmates.
A.laughed B.laughed at
C.been laughed D.been laughed at
5.This is a photo of the power station that ________ in my hometown.
A.has set up B.has been set up
C.was set up D.is set up
6.Great changes ________ in the city,and a lot of factories ________.
A.have been taken place;have been set up
B.have taken place;have been set up
C.have taken place;have set up
D.were taken place;were set up
7.No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building.
A.been given B.given
C.to give D.been giving
8.The police found that the house ________ and a lot of things ________.
A.had broken into;had been stolen
B.had broken into;had been stolen
C.had been broken into;stolen
D.has been broken into;stolen
9.-Have you moved into the new house?
-Not yet.The rooms ________.
A.are painted B.have been painted
C.are being painted D.are being painting
10.-Do you know our town at all?
-No,this is the first time I ________ here.
A.was B.have been
C.came D.am coming
11.-________ the sports meet might be put off.
-Yes,it all depends on the weather.
A.I've been told B.I've told
C.I'm told D.I told
12.All the performances for the task ________,and we're ready to start.
A.completed B.complete
C.had been completed D.have been completed
13.The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ________.
A.was booked B.had been booked
C.were booked D.have been booked
14.Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.
A.is used B.are used
C.had been used D.have been used
15.Mrs Green wants to buy that kind of cloth because she ________ that the cloth ________ very well.
A.has been told;washes
B.has told;washes
C.has been told;is washed
D.is told;is washed
16.-Is the house at the end of the street still for sale?
-No,it ________.
A.was sold B.had sold
C.has sold D.has been sold
17.-________ to buy some new dishes?
-Yes,all of our dinner plates ________.
A.Would you go;has broken
B.Are you going;has been broken
C.Will you go;are breaking
D.Have you gone;had been broken
18.Now many ways ________ to prevent the water from ________.
A.were taken;polluting
B.have been taken;being polluted
C.are taken;pollution
D.are taken;polluted
19.The train ________ because of an accident.Many passengers are now waiting anxiously at the railway station.
A.had been delayed B.delayed
C.has delayed D.has been delayed
20.The teaching building of our school ________ for many times.
A.has been added to B.had been added up to
C.has added to D.has added up to
參考答案
Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇
1.C 表示“由你決定”。
2.C 地點(diǎn)狀語+謂語+主語，此句是個(gè)倒裝句，主語a collection of laboratory buildings 決定謂語lie是不及物動(dòng)詞，表“位于”。
3.A throw away表“丟棄”“未能利用某物”。put down鎮(zhèn)壓。give in屈服、讓步。break off中斷。
4.B pleasure表具體的令人快樂的人或事時(shí)， 為可數(shù)名詞，常用單數(shù)。
5.D 表運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。
6.A 根據(jù)句意“有許多問題要解決”，表未發(fā)生用to do。D選項(xiàng)表示“解決完了”。
7.D where表示“……的地方”，引導(dǎo)狀語從句。
8.D
9.A be dressed表狀態(tài)。wear需要接賓語。
10.B
11.A suggestion表建議，從句用（should） do。
12.B seat為及物動(dòng)詞，常用于seat oneself和be seated表達(dá)中。
13.B 表節(jié)省。
14.C 答語是省略句，all including Jane's是主語。
15.C contain表“含有”。
16.D give up表“放棄”。give off表“發(fā)出（氣味等）”，give out表“分發(fā)”“被用完”。 17.A missing表丟失，等于lost。小男孩被看見在湖邊玩，所以用see sb. doing。
18.B -ed分詞修飾look,expression,voice等，表示人流露出……的表情、聲音。
19.A hold表容納，contain表（里面）裝有。
20.C dream of/about doing;come true相當(dāng)于be realized,表“被實(shí)現(xiàn)”。
21.D they talked about是定語從句修飾the way。“to solve the problem”作定語也修飾the way。
22.A 第一空需填及物動(dòng)詞lay，第二空則需填不及物動(dòng)詞lie。lay,laid,laid;lie,lay,lain。 23.C 表代替，相當(dāng)于take the place of。tkae place表“發(fā)生”。
24.B
25.D found接賓語many books,再接賓補(bǔ)，lying是lie“平躺、平放”的分詞，表明books的狀態(tài)。
Ⅱ.閱讀理解
1.B 本文講述造成飲食習(xí)慣的原因是多方面的，是無法去爭吵或解釋的。
2.D 本文的第一段的第二句是第一段的主旨句，前一句引起讀者注意，第二句說明原因，后面舉例說明原因，最后一句作用在于引出下文。
3.A 排除法可得出A。
4.C 本文介紹了人們不同的飲食選擇及部分原因，不僅僅指印度人的飲食習(xí)慣。
5.D
Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)
1.search→searching 2.去掉of 3.if→once 4.√ 5.late→later 6.to∧accepted加be 7.me∧take加to 8.studied→study 9.my→his 10.happily→happy
Ⅳ.書面表達(dá)
Out-of-class Activities in Our School
Students in our school have one period for out-of-class activities from 4:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. every day.We can join in singing and dancing,do reading or take part in many interest groups.Our favorite activities are sports/ball games,singing,speech contests and learning how to use computers.We've learnt a lot from these activities.
We hope that we'll be given more time for such activities and less homework to do after class.It is our suggestion that more lectures on some interesting subjects be held.
Ⅴ.同步語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
1.C for years作狀語，句子使用完成時(shí)；house與paint是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選C。
2.C since短語作狀語，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語fields與open up是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
3.D 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表影響。money與spend是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
4.D laugh at sb.表“嘲笑某人”。Ling Ling因?yàn)楸蝗顺靶Χ婚_心，所以用被動(dòng)。
5.B 定語從句中，that作主語，替代the power station,所以從句謂語用單數(shù)，且從句謂語與the power station是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B。
6.B take place,happen,break out表“發(fā)生”，都沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
7.A permission與give是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
8.A break into表“闖入”，與the house是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。that賓語從句中，and連接兩個(gè)句子。
9.C 據(jù)題意，“還沒搬進(jìn)新房”，所以新房應(yīng)是正在被粉刷。
10.B It is the+序+ time+從句，此結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
11.A C選項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，“我”是過去被告知的。
12.D performance與complete是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，從后半句可知不是過去的時(shí)態(tài)。
13.B book動(dòng)作發(fā)生在entered之前，故用過去完成時(shí)。book表“預(yù)定”，與tickets是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
14.C 表影響，用完成時(shí)。means單復(fù)數(shù)同形，every means接單數(shù)謂語。
15.A 前半句she與tell是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。后半句中，wash+副詞，描述事物性質(zhì)，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。
16.D 表影響，且是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
17.B be broken表“碎了，壞了”。
18.B take ways to do sth.中way與take是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，way作主語，take 則用被動(dòng)。prevent+sb./sth.from doing,表“使……免于……”，水與pollute是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。19.D
20.A add to…表“增建，擴(kuò)建，增加”。