1. custom和habit的區(qū)別
custom指?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接不定式。
e.g. They broke some of the old customs.
他們打破了一些舊的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。
It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.
中國(guó)人有在春節(jié)吃餃子的風(fēng)俗。
I make it a custom to go to bed late and get up early.
我養(yǎng)成了晚睡早起的習(xí)慣。
habit指?jìng)�(gè)人生活習(xí)慣、習(xí)慣成自然、個(gè)人的習(xí)慣有好有壞，后接of doing，不可接不定式。“(有)養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣”常用be in/fall into/get into/form/have the habit of doing sth.句型；“戒掉……習(xí)慣”常用give up/kick/break away from/get out of the habit of doing sth.句型.
e.g. It’s easy to get into a bad habit but it’s hard to give it up.
形成壞習(xí)慣容易而改掉難。
The drug easily get one into the habit of smoking.
毒品很容易使人染上吸煙的習(xí)慣。
2. arise，rise，raise
raise的意思是“使……上升，升起，提高”等，用作及物動(dòng)詞，其后一定要有賓語(yǔ)，rise作“上升”“升起”這一意思用時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能跟賓語(yǔ)。arise主要表示出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生等意思。
e.g. She raise her voice in anger.
由于憤怒她抬高了嗓門(mén)(聲音)。
Her voice rose higher and higher with excitement.
由于激動(dòng)，她的聲音越來(lái)越大。
The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother.(=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.)
那小孩從地上爬起來(lái)，朝他媽媽跑去。
She rises before it is light.
她常天沒(méi)亮就起床了。
Difficulties will arise as we do the work.
當(dāng)我們做這件事的時(shí)候，還會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種困難。
A strong wind arose and blew our boat onto the rock.
臺(tái)風(fēng)刮來(lái)，把我們的船刮得失去控制撞到巖石上了。
3.follow用法歸納
(1)表示“跟隨，馬上就來(lái)”。
e.g.I’m sending the letter today，the packet will follow later.
今天我先把信寄出，隨后寄出包裹。
(2)表示“遵循，依照……行事”。
e.g.The villagers still follow the customs that are passed down from their ancestors.
村民們還沿襲著祖先留下的風(fēng)俗。
(3)表示“聽(tīng)懂，理解”。
e.g.As a beginner，she cannot follow the English Home Service quite well on the radio.
作為初學(xué)者，她無(wú)法完全聽(tīng)懂廣播《英語(yǔ)家庭服務(wù)》。
(4)表示“如下”。
e.g.He received a note which ran as follows:“The meeting will be delayed until next Monday.”
他收到一張便條，上面寫(xiě)著如下內(nèi)容：“會(huì)議推遲到下星期一。”
4. introduce的用法歸納：
(1)introduce oneself自我介紹。
e.g.Let me introduce myself.
讓我作個(gè)自我介紹。
(2)introduce sb.to sb.
把某人介紹給某個(gè)人
e.g.Allow me to introduce you to my friend.
允許我將你介紹給我的朋友。
(3)introduce sth.to sb.把某物介紹給某人。
e.g.He introduced English poetry to Chinese readers.
他把英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌介紹給中國(guó)讀者。
(4)be introduced into 被引進(jìn)，被傳入。
e.g.Coffee was introduced into England from the continent.
咖啡是從歐洲大陸引進(jìn)英國(guó)的。
Marxism was introduced into China at the beginning of this century.
馬克思主義在本世紀(jì)初傳入中國(guó)。
5.“參觀(guān)、訪(fǎng)問(wèn)、拜訪(fǎng)”英語(yǔ)表達(dá)歸納：
(1)常用動(dòng)詞：visit(see)sb. or some place
e.g. This afternoon we’re going to visit a friend in hospital.
今天下午我們要去看望一個(gè)住院的朋友。
Many foreign friends are very glad to visit our school.
許多外國(guó)朋友很高興來(lái)參觀(guān)我們學(xué)校。
Come and see us again soon.
有空兒再到我們這兒來(lái)坐坐。
(2)常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：
call on sb./call at some place(專(zhuān)程)
e.g.Each time he came to Beijing on business，he would call on me.
每次他來(lái)北京出差，都會(huì)來(lái)看望我。
I hope to call on you at the hotel at 10 this morning.
我希望上午十點(diǎn)到賓館拜訪(fǎng)你。
drop in on sb./at some place.順道，偶然過(guò)訪(fǎng)
e.g. On my way to the park，I dropped in on a friend of mine.
在我去公園的路上，我順道看望了我的一個(gè)朋友。
He dropped in at our school yesterday.
他昨天順便拜訪(fǎng)了我們學(xué)校。
come by/over 順便來(lái)訪(fǎng)
e.g.I’ll come over in a day or two.
我過(guò)一兩天來(lái)看望你。
Come over any time，we’re always in.
請(qǐng)隨便什么時(shí)候來(lái)坐，我們總是在家的。
pay/give sb.a visit或pay a visit to sb.
e.g.She had thought of paying us a visit，but the bad weather made her change her plan.
她本想來(lái)看望我們，但由于天氣不好，使她改變了計(jì)劃。
She paid a visit to her old friends in Beijing.
她拜訪(fǎng)了她在北京的老朋友。
go/come to some place on a visit
e.g.Last week he came to Qingdao on a visit.
上周他來(lái)到青島參觀(guān)。
pay/make a call on sb./at some place
e.g.I’ll pay a call on my first teacher on Teacher’s Day.
教師節(jié)我將去看望我的啟蒙老師。
go on a visit to some place
e.g.Perhaps I shall go on a visit to England this winter.
或許今年冬天我要去英國(guó)參觀(guān)。
6.impression n.印象
get an impression 得到某印象
have/make a good impression on sb.給某人留下好印象
give sb. a good impression給某人留下好印象
e.g. What were your first impressions of Beijing?
你對(duì)北京的第一印象如何？
The book left/made a deep impression on him.
這本書(shū)給他留下了深刻的印象。
Everybody had the impression that she was a good match for the young man.
每個(gè)人都覺(jué)得她和那年輕人是天造地設(shè)的一對(duì)。
What he said gave her a bad impression.
他的話(huà)給她留下了惡劣的印象。
7. moment
for a moment 片刻，一會(huì)兒
（at） any moment 任何時(shí)刻；馬上
at the last moment 在緊要關(guān)頭，在最后關(guān)頭
at the moment 此刻；正當(dāng)那時(shí)；暫時(shí)
for the moment 目前，暫時(shí)
in a moment 馬上，立刻
the moment (that)一……就……
The moment he saw me，he turned pale.
他一看見(jiàn)我就臉色蒼白。
8. advice n. 忠告，勸告，建議
ask for one’s advice 征求某人的建議
give/offer sb. advice 給某人建議
take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建議
some advice on/about… 有關(guān)……的建議（忠告）
I asked my teacher for advice on my future course.
我請(qǐng)我的老師對(duì)我的未來(lái)去向作些建議。
You’ve given me some good advice.
你給了我一些好忠告。
He stopped smoking on the doctor’s advice.
他聽(tīng)醫(yī)生的勸告而戒煙。
advise v.勸告，建議
I’ll do as you advise.
我會(huì)照你的建議行事。
The doctor advised a week’s rest.
醫(yī)生建議休息一個(gè)星期。
Could you advise me on the problem?
對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題你能給我些忠告嗎？
I advise her against driving.=I advised her not to drive.
我勸告她不要開(kāi)車(chē)。
We advised starting early.
我們建議早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
What do you advise me to do?
你勸我做什么？
I advise that he should go at once.
我建議他馬上去。
注：advise接從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，形式為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。
9. too much，much too
1.too much“太多”之意，可以作形容詞，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可作副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞。
e.g.There is too much rain here in spring.
春天這里的雨水太多。
She talked too much at the meeting.
她在會(huì)上講得太多了。
2.much too“簡(jiǎn)直太，過(guò)于”，只能作副詞，用來(lái)修飾形容詞或別的副詞，不能修飾動(dòng)詞。
e.g.This book is much too difficult for me.
這本書(shū)對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)簡(jiǎn)直太難了。
The old man walks much too slowly.
那位老人走得很慢。
10. none
none 或none of 作主語(yǔ)，如加不可數(shù)名詞用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如加可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)可以是復(fù)數(shù)。
e.g. None of us are perfect.
None of the telephones are working.
None of my friends come/comes to see me.
None of the money is mine.
none和no one的區(qū)別
(1) none往往有固定范圍，常接of短語(yǔ)。none 單獨(dú)用的時(shí)候，也常替代文中提到的特定的人或物。no one和nothing并不指文中提到的人或物。
e.g. Twelve girls were invited, but none arrived.
I need some paper, but there is none left.
(2) no one 范指“沒(méi)有人”=nobody。一般不接of 短語(yǔ)，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。
e.g. No one enjoys the film.
Now one knows about it.
(3) 用what, who提問(wèn)時(shí)，用nothing 或nobody, no one回答。
用how many, how much提問(wèn)的句子則用none回答。
--Who is in the room? --No one.
--What is in your bag?: --Nothing.