教學內容：Scientific achievement
Ⅰ．課前準備導讀
一、學習目標
用已經掌握的詞匯談論有關科學成就，學習用英語表達的意圖和愿望；了解一些構詞法知識；掌握本單元所涉及的重要的生詞和短語的用法。
二、語言點講解
1．cloning[′kl nI ]n. [U] (biology) (any of a )group of organisms or plants produced asexually from one ancestor(生物) 無性繁殖系，克隆 eg:
In the world today some scientists are still working at cloning. 在當今世界上，有些科學家仍在致力于克隆的研究。
2．genetic engineering [d I′netIk end I′nI ri ] n. [U] science of genes; branch of biology dealing with the ways in which characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring 遺傳學
3．which one do you think is the most important?你認為哪一個最重要？
do you think (believe, suppose, guess, imagine, say等動詞)有時用于特殊疑問句中作插入語，這時do you think(believe…)要置于疑問詞之后，其句型為：“疑問詞+do you think(believe…)+主語+謂語？”如疑問詞本身是主語，則句型為：“疑問句（主語）+do you think(believe…)+謂語？” eg:
Who do you think he is?你認為他是誰？
Where do you believe he has gone?你認為他去哪兒了？
Who do you think told me so?你認為誰告訴我那件事的？
What do you suppose has happened？你猜出什么事啦？
4．Do these achievements have anything in common?這些成就有共同之處嗎？
（1）in common（團體）共同的，共有的
in common with 相當于 together with意為“……一起，與……一樣”。
eg:In common with(=Like) many people he prefers meat to fish.
與許多人一樣，他喜歡肉而不喜歡魚。
（2）have … in common (with…) （與……）共有 eg:
They have nothing in common with one another. 他們彼此沒有共同點。
三、課前準備針對性練習（19分，15分鐘）
（一）單項選擇（第小題1分，共9分）
1． get such a book?
A．Where do you think can I
B．Do you think where I can
C．Do you think where can I
D．Where do you think I can
2, Alexander Grahan Bell invented telephone in 1876．
A． /
B．a
C．the
D．one
3． The two have in common. They often quarrel with each other.
A．something
B．nothing
C．anything
D．everything
4． I’ve a super restaurant near here!
A．invented
B．found out
C．discovered
D．met
5． I saw an old woman who was dressed.
A．bad
B．poor
C．good
D．badly
6．-Tell me, Mike. What’s the of the American Civil War?
-It is because the black slaves wanted freedom.
A．effect
B．cause
C．result
D．importance
7． the development of information technology, we can get in touch with each other easily.
A．As
B．Because
C．Over
D．With
8． Do they anything in common?
A．show
B．keep
C．have
D．get
9． Real friends should have everything common.
A．on
B．with
C．by
D．in
（二）漢譯英（每小題2分，共10分）
1． 愛因斯坦被認為是世界上最偉大的科學家之一。
2． 相對論不容易理解。
3． 你們有共同之處嗎？
4． 你認為哪個最重要呢？
5． 基因工程是生物學的一個重要分支。
Ⅱ．聽力導讀
一、語言點講解
1． That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind. 這是一個人的一小步，卻是全人類的一大飛躍。
（1）giant[′d aI nt] ①adj. of great size or force巨大的 eg:
giant strength 巨大的力量 a cabbage of giant size 一棵巨大的洋白菜
②n. man of very great height and size 巨人 eg:
His son is a giant of 6 feet already. 他兒子已是6英尺高的大個兒了！
（2）leap [li p] n. [C] jump; sudden upward of forward movement 跳躍；
eg: a great leap forward 一大進步
2． eureka [j ′ri k ] int. (Greek=I have found it!) cry of triumph at making a discovery（希臘語）有所發現時得意的歡呼，意思為“我找到了！”。
3． What would you say if you were …？此句為與現在或將來事實相反的虛擬語氣。意為“如果你要是……你會說什么？” eg:
What would you say if you were a leader?
如果你要是一名領導，你會怎樣說呢？
I would fly to the moon if I had wings.
如果我長上翅膀的話，我就要飛到月球上去。
二、如何聽的建議
在聽力訓練過程中，注意培養自己的預測能力。在每段錄音未放之前，抓緊時間速讀題干和選項并預測話題，即推測錄音內容，以確定聽的重點，使聽音具有明確的方向性和選擇性，從而提高答題準確率。做到先看后聽，變被動為主動，這是英語聽力測試中一種最基本、最實用，同時也是我們必須掌握的技巧之一。
如本單元聽力部分題干中涉及到三位從事科學探索的著名人物，聽力內容則應重點注意他們的 achievements。
Ⅲ．口語導讀
一、語言點講解
1． You and your team are working on a cure for Aids. 你和你的隊員正在從事艾滋病的治療工作。
（1）work on “從事于（某項工作）”；“設法說服” eg:
They worked on the old car late into the night.
他們修這輛舊汽車一直修到深夜。
What are you doing? We are working on some wood-cuts.
你們在干什么呀？我們正在創作一些木刻。
Can you work on him to change his mind?你能說服他改變主意嗎？
（2）work at “學習，研究，致力于……” eg:
They have worked at this subject for many years.
他們研究這門科學好多年了。
（3）work out 作出；算出；設計出 eg:
This problem will not work out. 這道題算不出來。
They have worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to Mars.
他們已經設計出一種向火星發射宇宙飛船的方法。
2． extremely [Ik′stri mlI] adv. to a very high degree 極端地；極度地 eg:
It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task.
這是一項極度困難和危險的工作。
extreme [Iks′tri m] adj. reaching the highest degree 極度的 eg:
extreme patience/kindness 極度的耐心/仁慈
in extreme pain 在極度痛苦中
3． cure [kj ] (1)n. ①[C] curing or being cured 治療；治愈。 eg:
His cure took six months. 他的病花了六個月治療。
②[C]substance or treatment which cures 治療的藥物；治療法 eg:
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?迄今對癌癥有治療方法嗎？
（2）vt. & vi. bring sb. back to health; get rid of one’s illness/habits eg:
This medicine will cure your headache. 這藥可以治好你的頭痛。
A few days’ rest will cure you. 休息幾天你就痊愈了。
③（詞組） cure sb. of one’s illness or bad habits 治愈疾病，改掉壞習慣 eg:
Moving to the country cured her of asthma. 搬到鄉下她的哮喘病就好了。
He was cured of his habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸煙的壞習慣。
4． You are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars. 你正在從事向火星發射載人宇宙飛船的工作。
（1）manned [m nd] adj. (of machines esp. in space) having men on board （飛船等）載人的 eg:
the development of manned from unmanned space craft
從無人向載人飛船的發展
（2）man-made[′m n′meId] adj. produced by the work of men; not found in nature 人造的 eg:
The lake is a man-made one. 這是個人工湖。
We have sent up many man-made satellites. 我們發射了多少顆人造衛星。
二、交際用語講解
本單元學習表示打算和意圖的交際用語（intentions and wishes）現歸納如下：
1． I’m thinking of …
2． I’d like to…
3． I’d love to …
4． I’d rather…
5． I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to…
6． I feel like…
7． I hope that …
8． I expect that…
9． My plan is to…
10． My hope is to…
三、口語針對性練習（20分，15分鐘）
（一）完成下列各句（每小題1分，共10分）
1．I’m thinking of (carry) out this policy.
2．I’d like (invite) my teacher to come to the party.
3．I’d rather (stay) at home in the evening when I live in the country.
4．I feel like (have) fish instead of meat.
5．He intended (take) the exam next year.
6．We hope that the foreigner (give) us a speech next week.
7．My plan is (travel) all over the world.
8．We prefer (watch) TV at home to going out for a walk.
9．Xiao Ming would rather listen to the radio than (watch) the football match.
10．I wish I (be) a bird of we had flood here.
（二）補全對話（每小題2分，共10分）
Jill： 1 （你在業余時間喜歡做什么）？
Joe： 2 （我喜歡跑步）.
Jill： 3 （我不喜歡跑步）I like walking.
Joe： Is walking a kind of exercise?
Jill： Yes. Now most people think walking is the best exercise.
Joe： Do you do a lot of walking every day?
Jill： Yes. I walk an hour every day. 4 （它對人身體有好處）.
Joe： I’m not sure. I’d like to ask my grandpa. 5 （他喜歡走路）.
Ⅳ．閱讀指導
一、生詞和詞組
1．likely adj. (1) that is expected 很可能發生的；有希望的 eg:
Is he likely to win?他有可能獲勝嗎？
The most likely result is a draw. 最可能的結果是不分勝負。
(2)that seems reasonable, suitable or right for a purpose 似乎合理的 eg:
That’s a likely excuse. 那似乎是個合理的借口。
(3)be likely to do… 很可能會……
It’s likely that… 可能會（有，發生）…… eg:
He is not likely to succeed. 他大概不會成功。
It is likely that he will be late. =He is likely to be late. 他可能會遲到。
2． grasp vt. , vi. & n.
(1)v. ①seize firmly with hand(s) or arm(s) 抓��；抱��；緊握 eg:
The boy grasped his mother’s hand firmly. 那個小男孩緊握住媽媽的手。
He grasped the rope and pulled it. 他抓緊繩子用力拉。
②understand with the mind 領悟；理解 eg:
I couldn’t grasp the teacher’s meaning. 我沒領悟老師的意思。
(2)n. firm hold or grip; power of grasping 緊握；抓緊；領悟力 eg:
He doesn’t have a thorough grasp of the problem.
他沒有徹底理解這個問題。
(3)短語：beyond/within a person’s grasp 為某人所不能/能抓到的；為某人所不能/能理解的。
3． master vt. , vi & n.
(1) vt. ①become the master of; overcome 成為……的主人；征服；控制
eg: master one’s temper/feelings 控制脾氣/感情
It’s difficult to master nature. 征服大自然是困難的。
②gain as a skill 精通；熟練 eg:
master English 精通英語 master foreign affairs 精通外交事務
He never mastered the art of the public speaking.
他從未掌握當眾演講的藝術。
(2)n. ①man who has others working for him 主人，雇主
②male head of a household 家里的男主人
③captain of a merchant ship 商船的船長
④male teacher 男教師 eg:
the master of the house 一家之長
the maths master 數學教師 a master’s degree 碩士學位
4．arrange [ ′reInd ] vt. & vi.
(1)put in order 安排；排列；布置 eg:
She is good at arranging flowers. 她擅長插花。
Before going away, he arranged his business affairs.
他離開之前，他把業務都安排好了。
(2)make plans in advance 預做計劃 eg:
The Tourist Bureau arranged everything for our journey to Rome. 旅游局為我們去羅馬的旅行準備了一切。
(3)arrange+ n. +for +n. 為……安排…… eg:
Mother arranged an appointment for me with the dentist.
母親替我向牙醫預約掛號。
(4)arrange sb. to do … 安排某人做…… eg:
I have arranged him to met her. 我安排他和她見面。
(5)arrange with sb. to do … 約定與某人做…… eg:
We arranged with his team to play a game of baseball.
我們約好和他們隊打一場棒球。
(6)arrange that … 商定，安排。 eg:
He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week. = He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week.
他安排把會議延后一周召開。
5． failure [′feIlj ] n.
(1)[U] failing; lack of success 失敗；不成功 eg:
Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。
(2)[C] instance of failing; person, attempt or thing that fails 失敗的事例；失敗的人，企圖或失敗的事物 eg:
He was a failure as a teacher. 他不是個好老師。
Success came after many failures. 失敗多次之后終于成功。
6． locate[l ′keIt] vt. & vi.
(1)discover, show the locality of 找出……的位置，指出……的位置 eg:
locate a town on a map 在地圖上找出一城市的位置
(2)establish in a place 在一地點設置 eg:
a new school to be located in the suburbs 將設置在郊區的一所新學校
(3)be located 位于 eg:
Our school is located in the center of the town. 我們學校坐落于市中心。
(4)比較location n.
[U] locating or being located 指定位置
[C] position or place 位置；地方 eg:
The hill is a good location for the new church.
那山丘是建筑新教堂的好地點。
7． organ[′ g n] n.
(1)any part of an animal body or plant 動植物器官 eg:
the organs of speech, the tongue, teeth, lips, etc. 語言器官（如舌、牙、唇等）
(2)organization 組織，機構 eg:
Parliament is the chief organ of the government. 國會是政府的主要機關。
(3)musical instrument from which sounds are produced by air forced through pipes, played by keys pressed with the fingers and pedals pressed with the feet 風琴
二、同、近義詞辨析
1．likely, possible 與probable
（1）三者均表可能性，但意思有別。possible指客觀上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“較為可能、大概”，指有實際依據；likely是從外表跡象判斷有可能發生的事。 eg：
It’s possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow.
他明天可能來，但也不一定準來。
She is likely to ring me tonight. 今晚她很可能給我來電話。
（2）possible 不能用人作主語。possible 常用于下列句型：
It is possible to do sth. It is possible for sb. to do sth.
It is possible that … eg:
Is it possible to say so?可能這樣說嗎？
It is possible for me to do it. 我可能做那件事。
（3）probable 也不能用人作主語。一般只用于下面句型中：
It is probable that … eg:
It is probable that he will come. 他很可能要來。
（4）likely 既可用人作主語，也可用物作主語。通可用于“It is likely that …”句型中。 eg:
He is likely to come. = It is likely that he will come.
他可能要來。但不能說：It is likely for him to come.
（5）impossible, improbable, unlikely 用法與上述類似。
2．catch, grasp, seize 與snatch
catch是普通用語，用“設法抓住，捉住”的意思； grasp表示牢牢地“抓住”；seize指“突然用力抓住使不逃脫”；snatch 表示迅速的拉扯動作、出其不意地“抓取”。 eg:
The police caught the thief as he ran. 小偷逃跑時被警察抓住了。
He grasped his gun and rushed out. 他抓起槍就沖了出去。
He seized the gun from the enemy soldier. 他從敵人士兵手中奪過了槍。
The thief snatched her handbag and ran off. 小偷搶走了她的手提包就跑了。
三、語言點講解
1．Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing. 無論中國將來會有什么樣的成就，其中許多可能就誕生在北京的西北部。
（1）in store 就要到來，必將發生 eg:
Who knows what the future has in store for us?
誰知道我們將來注定如何？
（2）in store 也有儲存著，備用的意思 eg:
The runner kept some energy in store for spurting at the end.
那名賽跑的人為最后沖刺貯存精力。
2． Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s and quickly became the leader of China’s hi-tech industry. 在20世界90年代末中關村作為高新科技特區被創立并迅速成為中國高科技工業的先鋒。
（1）set up-establish 建立 eg:
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem.
政府成立工作組調查此問題。
（2）in the late 1990s 又可寫成in the late 1990’s 二十世紀九十年代末
in the early 1980s 二十世紀八十年代初
（3）hi-tech= high technology 高科技，高技術
3． When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return home but couldn’t find a company where I could use what I had learnt. 當我獲得碩士學位時，我想回到家鄉，可是我沒能找到學有所用的公司。
（1）本句是一個復合句。When I got my master’s degree 為時間狀語從句，修飾主句謂語動詞wanted。wanted和couldn’t find為并列謂語動詞，由并列連詞but連接。where I could use what I had learnt為定語從句，修飾先行詞company。what I had learnt 為賓語從句。
（2）a master’s degree 碩士學位 a doctor’s degree 博士學位
a bachelor’s degree 學士學位
又如：Master of Arts 文學碩士 Doctor of Law 法學博士
Bachelor of Science 理學學士
4．I will never forget how happy I was when I set foot in China again and was back with my friends and family. 我永遠不會忘記當再次踏上中國土地和我的朋友及親人團聚時，那種感覺有多幸福。
（1）本句是復合句。How happy I was … 為賓語從句。
when I set foot in China again and was back with … 為時間狀語從句。
（2）set foot in/on 進入，踏進 eg:
She said she wouldn’t set foot in the room until it had been properly cleaned. 她說直到這屋子收拾好了她才住進去。
No man has ever set foot on that deserted island.
沒有人曾光顧過那個荒蕪的島。
5． “Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power”- makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future. “依靠科學，技術，知識發展經常”，它闡明了科學和商業能夠且必須結合在一起共創未來。
（1）此句為復合句。it為形式賓語，代表that引導的賓語從句。
（2）rely on/upon信賴，依賴 eg: He can always be relied upon or help. 他的幫助是永遠可依賴的。
You may rely on my early arrival. 你放心好了，我會早到的。
（3）make…clear 表明，講清楚 eg:
Have I made myself clear? 我講清楚了嗎？
They wanted to make it clear that they did an important and necessary job. 他們想說明他們做著一項重要且必要的工作。
6． …but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are coming to life in Zhongguanzun. 但是我們為所有這些在中關村富有活力的新技術和卓越的想法而感到激動。
（1）that are coming to life in Zhongguancun 為定語從句，修飾先行詞ideas。
（2）come to life 蘇醒；恢復生氣 eg:
We all thought he was drowned, but after an hour’s artificial respiration he came back to life. 我們都以為他淹死了，但經過一小時的人工呼吸后，他又蘇醒了。
When I told the students the good news, they all came to life. 當我告訴學生們這個好消息時，他們都活躍起來了。
四、典型病句診斷
1． 病句：Yufang has come to China for three years.
診斷：Yufang has been in China for three years.
點撥：come為終止性動詞，用于現在完成時時態，不能與表一段時間的狀語連用。
2． 病句：Where has he gone is to be found out.
診斷：Where he has gone is to be found out.
點撥：主語從句應用陳述句語序。
3． 病句：When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return back to China.
診斷：When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return to China.
點撥：return意思是“come back”，不與back連用。
4． 病句：I would rather you tell me the truth.
診斷：I would rather you told me the truth.
點撥：would rather 后面帶的賓語從句表示一種愿望，動詞要用過去式來表示虛擬語氣。
5． 病句：The old man stays very health.
診斷：The old man stays very healthy.
點撥：stay為系動詞，意為“保持（狀態）”，后用形容詞作表語。
6． 病句：Great changes have been taken place in China.
診斷：Great changes have taken place in China.
點撥：take place “發生，舉行”，不用被動語態。
7． 病句：This lesson is more easier than that one.
診斷：This lesson is much easier than that one.
點撥：形容詞比較級前不可用more, 而可以用much, even, still, a great deal, a lot, far等加強語氣。
8． 病句：All the answers are not correct. I can’t find one correct answer.
診斷：None of the answers are correct. I can’t find one correct answer.
點撥：all…not和not all…表示部分否定，意為“并非都……”，而none表示全部否定，意為“都不……”。
9． 病句：I don’t like the way which you speak to me.
診斷：I don’t like the way that you speak to me.
點撥：在way后面引導定語從句時，可用that, in which 或省略。
10． 病句：Zhongguancun has had a positive affect on business as well as science.
診斷：Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science.
點撥：affect vt. “影響”； effect n. “影響”，have a good/bad effect on 意為“對……有好/不良的影響”。
類文閱讀針對性練習（16分，20分鐘）
A
Farmers could grow more rice and shaky Internet communications could work better some day, thanks to prize-winning discoveries by teenage scientists showed at a national science fair on Monday.
High-school scientists from across the United States showed off word in genetics （遺傳學）, molecular biology, mathematics and other fields that judges said rose to the professional level.
“It just blows me away. They’re all just unimaginable, ”said Joel Spencer, a New York University professor who served as a judge at the Siemens Westinghouse Competition in Math, Science and Technology.
Research done by finalists in the nationwide competition could lead to faster Internet speeds, more effective antibacterial drugs and better energy conservation. One team researched black holes in outer space, while another examined more than 700 fossils to better understand why dinosaurs died out.
Juliet Girard and Roshan Prabhu won a $ 100, 000 scholarship for their work proving genes（基因） that help some strains of wild rice flower earlier than others.
Drawing on a database（數據庫） that described the genetic makeup of rice, the two students, from Jersey City, New Jersey, identified two genetic segments (sections) that directed wild rice to blossom an average of 10 days earlier than the ordinary short-grain rice that feeds much of the world.
Their discovery could allow genetic engineers to develop a new strain that would take less time to reach maturity, allowing farmers to produce more and extending the growing region into colder climates.
Steven Bymes of Lexington, Massachusetts, took the top individual prize for his theory describing outcomes in a two-player game called Chomp.
Several said they planned to publish their findings in famous professional magazines.
1．What made the university professors surprised was that .
A．high-school students did very well in all scientific fields
B．they had never thought of these things when they were young
C．the work of the high-school students was of high quality and reached the professional level
D．high-school students have found out why dinosaurs died out
2．Which of the following is true?
A．Two students discovered the way of growing more rice and growing rice in colder climates.
B．What the two students discovered about the genetic makeup of rice may lead to an important development in agriculture.
C．Steven Bymes took the top prize at the national science fair on Monday.
D．Several students planned to write more articles in some professional journals.
3．What is this report mainly about?
A．Farmers can grow more rice and shaky Internet communications can work better after the competitions are held.
B．Some high-school students have become professional scientists.
C．High-school students can make great contributions to the world in many fields just like adult scientists.
D． A national science fair made scientists greatly surprised.
B
Scientists have uncovered the exact difference between man and mouse.
Teams of scientists from around the world will publish today the draft（草圖）genome（基因組）of the mouse, which enables them for the first time to compare another mammal’s entire DNA directly with that of humans.
The similarities are far greater than the differences- man and mouse share a common ancestor that lived more than 70 million years ago-which has allowed scientists to find treatments for a good many human diseases.
British members of the project say the draft mouse genome, published in the journal Nature, has provided the “phrase book” for scientists to translate the language of the human genome.
“The entire biomedical research community can for the first time fully use this resource to deal with human diseases. They will now have powerful tools that will serve them for many years to come, ” said Dr Jane Rogers, head of sequencing at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, which did 20 percent of the work.
Comparisons show almost every gene in the mouse has a corresponding （對應的）gene in humans 99 percent similarity that should help to find how each human gene works. Already the work has been able to show that man and mouse each have about 30, 000 genes yet only 300 or so are unique to either species, increasing the value of the lab mouse as a “model” for human genetics.
This is an extraordinary milestone. For the first time we have an opportunity to see ourselves in an evolutionary（進化的）mirror. The mouse genome stands for a very important chapter in the lab notebook of evolution By taking away genes to create sick mice, scientists have been able to reproduce a number of human disorders. Knowing the entire genomes of humans and mice will enable them to employ the technique more widely, leading to a rapid development in the understanding of illnesses.
4．Scientists have found that .
A．men and mice are actually the same kind of animal
B．mice are actually the ancestors of human beings
C．the genome of the mouse is the same as that of humans
D．humans and mice most probably have developed from the same ancestor
5．The importance of the discovery lies in the fact that .
A．man has finally found his true ancestor
B．it will be easier for people to find the causes of human diseases and cure them
C．it has enabled the scientists to compare human DNA with that of another mammal
D．it makes it possible for man to understand the complicated language of his genome
6．The word “unique” in the sixth paragraph probably mean .
A．having no like of equal
B．the same
C．corresponding
D．excellent
7．It can be inferred that .
A．every gene of a mouse works in the same way as that of a human being
B．it has become easier for humans to find their real ancestor
C．more mice will be used in scientific experiments
D．scientists will use less mice in their experiments to protect them
8．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Mouse’s Book of Life May Provide Cures for Human Diseases.
B．Mice and Men Are the Same.
C．Man and Mouse Share a Common Ancestor.
D．The difference Between Man and Mouse.
類文閱讀針對性練習
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A