Subject: English Class: Grade One, Class six Class Time :Sunday, August 22, 2004
Revision
------- Focusing on skills in reading comprehension
Teaching goals
1. Make students realize the importance of reading abilities, especially in the entrance examination.
2. Familiarize our students with the strategies in reading and grasp the basic tactics of reading
3. Integrate various skills into the reading practice.
4. Enhance their reading speed and their ability to solve varying problems in the reading exercises
Teaching important points
How to make students grasp the proper ways to read
Teaching difficult points
Cultivate their good reading habits and facilitate their reading process.
Class Type
Guidance on the skills in reading comprehension
Teaching methods
1. Do the reading exercises by themselves (It should be done before the class)
2. Bring in proper reading methods when checking their answers.
3. Deliver a lecture, during which I’ll use the asking and answering method to make it go well.
4. Strengthen the teaching effects by assigning students reading tasks as their homework..
Teaching aids
Papers, blackboard, slide projector
Homework
A piece of paper including five passages to train their reading abilities.
Summary after Class
The goals made before class have been reached quite well. The students are determined to devote one hour to reading every day. It has become an accepted fact that the methods I gave them are really useful and help a lot to improve their reading speed. Some of the students , however , need more practice to understand the real meaning of the tactics. I , as an English teacher, would continue exploring more effective ways to develop their reading ability.
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Checking the exercises(3minutes)
T: Good morning, boys and girls! Let’s check the assignment for the last lesson.
56-59 BDAB 60-63 CCBA 64-68 ABDAC 72-77 CCDA
T: How many of you got all the right answers or only failed to answer one or two questions correctly ?
S: We’re very sorry about it.
T: What a pity it is ! We have none. But don’t worry about the results. Even if your answers are not quite satisfying , it doesn’t matter and you shouldn’t lose your confidence. I am sure that the methods I’ll give you today can help you a lot .
Step 2 Introduce some general principles in reading (12minutes)
It’ necessary to speak Chinese now and you can have a better understanding.
T: 同學(xué)們，一個人的閱讀能力是否等于詞匯、語音、語法和其他語言知識的總和呢？
S: 應(yīng)該是吧。
T: 可是有的同學(xué)平時單詞默的不好，語法題錯的也很多，可是閱讀題卻錯的很少，這是什么原因？
S1: 因?yàn)樗麄兤綍r看書多。
S2: 因?yàn)樘貏e能猜答案
T: 對，這說明閱讀能力還包括對背景知識的了解，推理判斷的能力，把握中心思想及作者寫作意圖的能力。語言知識靠積累，而如上幾種能力則需在大量的閱讀中去培養(yǎng)。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定高中階段我們的閱讀量必須達(dá)到23萬詞以上。高考中閱讀題是制勝的關(guān)鍵，其中主旨大意，推理判斷的題占到50%以上，這要求咱們必須具備深層次的理解能力。
S3: 怎么才能提高閱讀速度？
S4: 怎么才能提高閱讀題的正確率呢？
T: 我給大家講一講吧！
閱讀中有“四忌”，一忌：指讀，即有的同學(xué)閱讀時總是指著一行行的讀；二忌：唇讀，即有的同學(xué)閱讀時雖然不出聲音，但嘴唇不時地在動；三忌：回讀，即幾句話第一遍沒讀懂，再回去重讀；四忌：譯讀，即在頭腦中先把英文翻譯成中文之后再去理解。這四忌便是提高閱讀速度的大敵。
S: 那么怎么才是正確的閱讀方法呢？
T: 基本有這么三種：略讀，即先讀開始段、結(jié)束段、每段的首句和尾句以及一些承上啟下的連接句；查讀，即先讀題干，而后帶著問題采取跳躍式的方式進(jìn)行選擇性的閱讀；細(xì)讀，即找到文章的有關(guān)范圍，逐句閱讀，對于關(guān)鍵詞句仔細(xì)琢磨，參透字里行間的意思。如遇生詞，通過上下文及背景知識推測句意。我們可以根據(jù)不同的閱讀目標(biāo)，不同的閱讀材料選擇不同的閱讀方法。
S: 有時，一句話中每個詞我都認(rèn)識，可是就是不明白整句是什么意思？
T: 我有辦法來解決你的問題�？催@個句子：
As a daughter, she has no secrets from her mother, who is very pleased with her.
如果你一個字一個字的看，就會理解得很慢甚至讀不懂。但如果照我的劃線部分，一部分一部分的理解，就會很快理解句意。這叫做意群閱讀法。你一眼所看到的不是一個單詞而是一個詞組或是一個分句，多加練習(xí)的話，你可以一眼看一行，兩行。這樣理解的速度自然就提高了。
S: 做閱讀題時應(yīng)看文章還是先看題？
T: 我的建議是：略讀文章→讀題干→查讀文章→細(xì)讀文章→解題。根據(jù)我剛才講的正確閱讀方法，這個閱讀程序不難理解。不過最有效的閱讀方法是因人而異的，你們應(yīng)在大量的閱讀過程中摸索最適合自己的一種。
Step 3 specific reading tactics and the analysis of the key exercises(27minutes)
T: 下面我給大家談?wù)勯喿x理解題的解題技巧。
1．主旨大意題，通常題目中出現(xiàn)：subject, main idea, purpose 等詞。這類題關(guān)鍵要考慮作者意圖和文章的主要內(nèi)容。大家可以找找咱們的五篇閱讀中都有哪些是是屬于這一類。
S5: C篇68題和E篇75題
68．Which can be the best title for this story?
A. Mother’s True love B. Early love between Students
C. To Ask or Not to Ask D. Dangerous Age
75. The best title for this passage is ________.
A. Life Begins at Sixty B. A Round Coast Sail
C. An Old Woman Sailor D. An Unusual Hobby
T: 關(guān)于68題，有的同學(xué)犯了一葉障目不見泰山的錯誤。文章最后一句已經(jīng)點(diǎn)明主旨：It read: Mum, it was love that make you ask, but it would show your understanding of me if you hadn’t. .Mother’ true love 只是文章內(nèi)容的一部分，作者其實(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)的是understanding ,及 true love 與 understanding 之間的矛盾。
關(guān)于75題，如果你選了C或D說明你并未理解文章的主旨。文章中說的是她60歲退休后想重圓兒時夢想，開始第二次人生追求。所以選A 它既概括了內(nèi)容有升華了其中的精神內(nèi)涵。C項(xiàng)，一位年老的女水手，難道她干了一輩子嗎？D項(xiàng)，很多人都喜歡sailing，它也不是作者討論的焦點(diǎn)。文章主要寫人而非記事。
此外，在解這種題時大家還要注意兩點(diǎn)：（1）英美人的思維方式一般是先亮明觀點(diǎn)，而后再加以論述，所以文章和段落的首句尤為重要，請大家尤為注意。（2）選標(biāo)題要注意兩點(diǎn)：準(zhǔn)確性和醒目性。醒目性就是能給人留下深刻的印象。
2．推理判斷題。通常題干中出現(xiàn) infer, What is the author going to write in the fourth paragraph?的詞句。大家找一找咱們的卷子上有沒有這樣的題。
S6: B篇61題
61. From the passage, we can infer that the leaning Tower of Pisa does not fall is because______.
A. the top of the tower is heavier than its bottom
B. the bottom of the tower is not heavier than its top
C. its center of gravity is still above the line of its bottom
D. its center of gravity is not above the line of its bottom
T: 文中說This empty box must fall over, because its center of gravity (c) is not over the line of its bottom(AB)
-----It will not fall, because its center of gravity is above its bottom.從中我們可以得知答案。做這種題時要注意，我們應(yīng)該站在作者的立場上分析問題，去揣摩作者的意圖，切忌根與自己的觀點(diǎn)或者社會經(jīng)驗(yàn)去推測。
3．猜測詞義題。
卷子上有一道猜測詞義的題，你作對了嗎？
S: 沒有。
T: 沒關(guān)系，下面我給大家介紹幾種猜詞技巧，大家一邊聽我講，一邊聽一邊看一下觀燈片上的句子。
(1)構(gòu)詞法。A.The room is uncomfortable to live in. 我們都能理解由comfort→comfortable→uncomfortable
的變化過程。平時大家就應(yīng)該增強(qiáng)對各種詞綴的敏感程度，在閱讀中靈活運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義。
（2）根據(jù)定義猜測詞義。
b. A calendar is a list of days, weeks, months of a particular year.
c. Mary is indecisive, that is, she can’t make up her mind.
d. He needs a conditioner, a system that keep air in a place cool and warm.
咱們試著猜一下劃線詞的意思吧！
S7: calendar 日歷
S8: indecisive 優(yōu)柔寡斷的
S9: conditioner 空調(diào)
T: Very good.
(3) 根據(jù)下句對上句的理解。
e. I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give it up easily.
S10: resolute 堅(jiān)定的，果敢的
（4）根據(jù)常識猜
f. The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.
S11: 我知道，劃線詞是門楣，橫木的意思。
T: 還有一種是：
（5）借助詞與詞關(guān)聯(lián)猜測詞義。
g. She is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye.
根據(jù)other diseases 我們不難知道 glaucoma 肯定是眼病的一種
T: 最后一種
（6）對比關(guān)系和因果關(guān)系
h. Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented.
S12: 我知道，dissented 不同意
i. He was not frugal since he spent money so freely.
S: 我猜到了，frugal 節(jié)儉的
T；卷子上72題就用這種猜測方法。
72．The underlined word “cosy”(in the first paragraph) means”_____”
A. bright B. dirty C. comfortable D. dark
原文中“Although the inside of the boat is very cosy , it has no running water or electricity.”很明顯although是一個轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，前后兩個分句的意思是相反的，it has no running water or electricity 說的是缺點(diǎn)，although 所引導(dǎo)的分句中cosy 必定是一個褒義詞。 幾個選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)符合。
T: 4 細(xì)節(jié)理解。從文章中找到相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)，弄清細(xì)節(jié)，獲得準(zhǔn)確信息。
細(xì)節(jié)題中有排序、圖表型，正誤型等。
排序題的技巧在于對比所給幾個選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)，而后對比關(guān)鍵項(xiàng)，利用排除法得出答案。例如：C篇64 題
64．Which is the correct order according to the story?
a. The girl took a lift back in her monitor’s car .
b. The girl went to see a film with her schoolmates
c. The girl wrote a diary to her mother.
d. The mother pretended to be watching TV.
e. The mother worried about her daughter’s returning late
A. b, e, a, d, c B. e, b, a, d, d C. b, a, e, d, c D. b, e, a, c, d
大家試著用這種方法找一下答案。
S：選A
T: 對。圖表型的題關(guān)鍵在于把文章內(nèi)容與圖表內(nèi)容掛鉤。B篇的60題是一個很好的例子。至于正誤題，我們一定要看清人家問的是true or not true 以免犯不必要的錯誤。
Step 4 Summary and homework(3minutes)
T: Today we discuss the basic strategies and some specific skills about reading, which are very useful. Do you think so ? Yes. Today’s homework is another piece of paper for you to train your reading skills we learnt together today.
附錄：閱讀原文。
（A）
This is the story about the well-known millionaire. D.Rockefeller, and was told by a friend of his. This friend said that though Rockefeller gave away millions, he was very mean.(吝嗇) about small sums of money.
One day he went to stay at a hotel in New York and asked for the cheapest room they had. Rockefeller said, “What is the price of the room?” The manager told him the price of the room.
“Is that the lowest priced room you have? I am staying at this hotel by myself and only need a small room.”
The manager said, “That room is the smallest and cheapest we have,” and added, “but why do you choose a poor room like that? When your son stays here, he always has our most expensive room: yours is our cheapest.”
“Yes”, said D.Rockefeller, “but his father is a wealthy man while mine isn’t.”
56. D.Rockefeller decided to have the cheapest room because__________.
A. He wanted to set an example to his son. B. He tried to save some money
C. His father was not a millionaire D. He hadn’t enough money to spend on himself
57. Which of the following puzzled the manager?
A. D. Rockefeller asked for the smallest and cheapest room
B. D. Rockefeller was so mean about money
C. D. Rockefeller was used to living the simplest life.
D. D. Rockefeller asked for the cheapest room while his son asked for the most expensive one.
58. What do you know about D. Rockefeller?
A. He was unwilling to spend much money on himself
B. He spoil（姑息）his son on purpose.
C. He was very strict with his son.
D. He didn’t care about what his son had done.
59.What do you know about D,Rockefeller?
A. He had nothing to do but enjoy himself.
B. His ideas about life were different from his father’s
C. He was the most wealthy man.
D. He felt satisfied with life.
(B)
Every object has weight. But the center of its weight is not always in the middle of the object. If the top of an object is heavier than its bottom, it will fall over easily. We say that its center of gravity(引力) is high. But if the bottom is heavier, it won’t fall easily. Then we say that its center of gravity is low.
Look at the first picture. This empty box must fall over, because its center of gravity(C) is not over the line of its bottom(AB).
Now look at the second picture. There is some heavy iron at the bottom of this box. It will not fall, because its center of gravity is above its bottom.
60. Please point out which box will not fall.
61. From the passage, we can infer that the leaning Tower of Pisa does not fall is because________.
A. the top of the tower is heavier than its bottom
B. the bottom of the tower is not heavier than its top
C. its center of gravity is still above the line of its bottom
D. its center of gravity is not above the line of it bottom
62. If an object has a low center of gravity,_______.
A. it won’t fall B. it won’t fall easily C. it is certain to fall over D. its top must be heavier
63. The passage is mainly about__________.
A. why things fall over B, a low center of gravity C. a high center of gravity D. that everything has weight
( C )
She is a cute (聰明的), quiet girl. As a daughter, she has no secrets from her mother, who is very pleased with her. But recently she has become somewhat mysterious (神秘的)，not so open as her: what if she falls in love, which is too early for a girl of her age. After all, she is reaching the “dangerous stage”. These thoughts have causes trouble in the mother’ mind.
One weekend the girl came to tell her mother that she was going to the cinema with her schoolmates and would return late. This was the first time her mother had agreed , and she couldn’t help worrying because her daughter had never away at night before. The mother waited till nine and her uneasiness(不安) got the upper hand over her. She decided to go out to meet her daughter. Just at that moment the noise of a car pulling up drew her to the window and ------there was her daughter, waving goodbye to a boy. Her heart missed a beat. When the girl came in, the mother was watching TV, pretending nothing had happened. “Mum, I’m back.” “Yeah.” “Sorry to be late. Still sitting up?” “Yes, Oh, that… Who’s that boy? “The daughter was stunned (發(fā)愣) for a moment. “Ah. It’s my monitor. He gave a lift on his way home. Mum, I’m going to bed”. All right. Go to sleep early.”
Next morning, when the mother went to the daughter’s room to do some tidying, she found her diary left at her pillow. After a few minutes’ hesitation(猶豫) she finally opened it to the entry of the night before. It read: Mum, it was love that make you ask, but it would show your understanding of me if you hadn’t.
Holding the diary, the mother fell in thought.
64. Which is the correct order according to the story?
a. The girl took a lift back in her monitor’ car.
b. The girl went to see a film with her schoolmates
c. The girl wrote a diary to her mother.
d. The mother pretended to be watching TV
e. The mother worried about her daughter’s returning late
A. b, e, a, d, c B, e, b, a, d, c C. b, a, e, d, c D. b, e, a, c, d
65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the story?
A. The girl knew her mother would ask her the questions about the boy.
B. What the girl did recently worried her mother.
C. The mother was eager to read her daughter’ diary the next day.
D. The girl’ diary was always unlocked.
66. From the diary, we can see the girl _____________.
A. thanked her mother for asking her B. thought her mother cared about her very much
C. thought it was her mother’s duty to asked her. D. thought understanding is better than simple love.
67. The main purpose of this article is to show that parents should_______.
A. care about what their children really think and how they feel
B. not give much freedom to their children.
C. Talk with their children about their early love.
D. Keep silent about their children’s privacy
68. Which can be the best title for this story?
A . Mother’ True Love B. Early love between Students
C. To Ask or Not to Ask D. Dangerous Age
( D )
Want to watch some performances during the holiday? Here are some from “What’s on”, China Daily”
Russian folk （民間） dance
The Moiseyey Dance Company will put on three performances in Beijing.
The company was set up in 1937 and has visited more than 60 countries on all continents, including 10 visits to the United States. The folk dances of the show will include 13 programmes of different styles. They include dances from Russia, Greece, Argentina, Egypt, China and many other countries.
Time :7:30pm, January 31～February2
Place: Century Theatre, 40 Liangmaqiaolu,
Chaoyang District (區(qū)域)
Tel: 6466-0032
Children’s song and dance
China Children’s Hand-in-Hand Art Troupe(劇團(tuán)) will present two performances
The troupe has branches in 17 major Chinese cities. This time, 280 children from 14 cities and provinces will perform.
Programmes include songs and dances of different regions( 地區(qū)) and nationalities.
Time:2pm, 7pm, January 22
Place: China Children’s Theatre, 64 Donghuamen Dajie, Dongcheng District.
Tel:6524-1831
Classic dialogues
Some top Chinese performers will gather to recite (朗誦) famous dialogues from Chinese and foreign dramas and films.
The scenes are taken from classics like “Qu Yuan”, “ Thunder-storm”. Other dialogues are from films such as “Jane Eyre”
Time:7:30pm, January22～23
Place: Zhongshan Music Hall, Zhongshan Park, west of Tian An Men
Tel:6842-2653
69. From” What’s on “, we know that the Moiseyev Dance Company will performances________.
A. famous Russian folk dances only
B. dances of different styles from different countries
C. European and Chinese dances
D. American and Chinese dances
70. If you are a teacher and want to organize your pupils (under 10) to enjoy performance, _____may be useful.
A. 6466-0032 B. 6524-1831 C.6842-2653 D.6510-1309
71. If you’ re interested in recitation, don’t miss the chance to go to _________.
A. Zhongshan Music Hall B. China Chidren’s Theatre
C. Century Theatre D. Chang’an Grand Theatre
( E)
Sixty-year-old grandmother, Fiona Mcfee, is going to stop working next year and she decided to realize a childhood dream and sail around the coast of Scotland in a small boat. Although the inside of the boat is very cosy, it has no running water or electricity. Fiona says she can live without these things but she plans to take her small CD player, her hot water bottle and a bag of books to make sure life isn’t too uncomfortable.
We asked her if she was afraid of being at sea for so long. She said, “ Well, I’m going to take a good compass(指南針)。 Anyway I ‘m not afraid of death because I love the sea---- I just hope it loves me.” Friona certainly has plenty of energy; in her spare time , she enjoys playing the piano, rock-climbing , canoeing and dancing. Although she is sixty, she doesn’t want to have a quiet and peaceful life. “ I’m looking forward to having fun in the rest of my life and that’s exactly why I’d like to be a sailor for a while.
72. The underlined word “cosy” ( in the first paragraph) means”________”
A. bright B. dirty C. comfortable D. dark
73. When Fiona Mcfee said “I just hope it loves me”, she meant “_________”
A. Of course, it loves me , since I love it.
B. If I love it , it should love me.
C. I hope it will bring me a safe sailing as a return for my love of it.
D. I hope it will save my life when I am in time of danger.
74. What kind of person do you think the old woman is ?
A. Someone who doesn’t know how she is feeling.
B. Someone who is very proud and sure of her success
C. Someone who does’t ues her head much.
D. Someone who is open, honest and brave
75. The best title for this passage is __________.
A. Life Begins at Sixty B. A Round Coast Sail
C. An Old Woman Sailor D. An Unusual Hobby
Suggested Answer:56-59 BDAB 60-63 CCBA 64-68 ABDAC 69-71 BBA 72-75 CCDA