The Fifth Period: Grammar

Teaching material: Unit 4 A garden of poems

Lesson type: Grammar

Teacher: Wang Yu

Teaching Aids: Slide

Teaching Aims:

1. Review the text to do the word study.

2. Learn and master the Past Participle used as Adverbial.

3. Do some exercises to learn the sentence transformation.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1. How to get the students to master the usage of the Past Participle.

2. How to do the sentence transformation.

Teaching Methods:

1. Comparison method to get the students to know how to use the Past Participle.

2. Discussion method to get the students to master what they’ve learned.

Teaching Procedure:

Step I Revision & Word Study (10 minutes)

A Lead-in

T: Class begins! Good morning, girls!

S: Good morning, teacher!

T: Sit down, please! First let’s have a review. What’s the topic of this unit?

S: poetry.

T: Yes. Good. Poetry, or we can say poem. And in the first lesson, we’ve learnt the limerick, remember?

S: Yes.

T: It’s a rhyme, one kind of poetry. How to say the poems that are without rhyme?

S: Absence of rhyme.

T: Yes. Absence of rhyme. Who is famous for the absence of rhyme?

S: John Milton!

T: Well. And in the third lesson, we’ve learnt a lot of poets, especially English poets, right? Can you name some of them?

S: …………

T: Very good. These poets are all stand out in the halls of glory. Nowadays, more and more people are interested to read the English poems. So in order to understand these poems better, what should we do?

S: We should translate the works into Chinese.

T: Yes. We should translate them. But there is a disadvantage to translate these works. Do you still remember?

S: Yes. The spirit is lost.

T: Good. The spirit is lost. And of course, the atmosphere is changed.

B Word Study

T: These are the main points in this unit. Now will you please turn to page 29. Let’s do a word study. There are all together 6 sentences here. Please fill in the sentences with the proper form of these six words in red. I’ll give you 2 minutes. Are you clear?

Says.

(2 minutes later)

T: Have you finished?

S: Yes.

( Check the answers)

Step Ⅱ Grammar (15 minutes)

T: Now will you please turn to page 30. Let’s focus on grammar. Have you finished the exercise 1?

S: Yes.

T: The first sentence. Who’d like to read it for us? Ok,**,please!

S: Frightened by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.

T: Is she right or wrong?

S: Right.

T: Good, thank you. Sit down, please. Now look at this sentence. Why did the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room?

S: Because she was frightened by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.

T: Yes. Look at the slide. So what’s the relationship between the two clauses?.

S: consequence.

T: Good. So we call the subordinate clause “subordinate clause of cause”. The sentence “Because she was frightened by noises in the night” is used to explain the main clause. While the first sentence “Frightened by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.” use a past participle “frightened” to explain the main clause. In fact, these two sentences are the same, are you clear?

S: Yes.

T: Then how to change “lost in thought, he almost fall from the tree.” into a clause?

S: Because he was lost in thought, he almost falls from the tree.

T: Good. You’re clever. Here “lost” is a past participle used to explain the main clause. So today we are going to learn the past participle used as adverbial. It has many functions: subordinate clause of cause, subordinate clause of time, subordinate clause of concomitance, subordinate clause of Concession and conditional subordinate clause. Let’s look at the second sentence. Who’d like to read it for us? Yes. **, please!

S: The lady returned home, followed by two policemen.

T: Correct! So what’s the relationship between the two clauses?

S: Juxtaposition.

T: Yes. So we can say ” The lady returned home and she was followed by two policemen.” Right?

So here “followed” is the form of past participle used to express the idea of concomitance. Clear?

S: Yes.

T: So how to change this sentence “He hurried into the hall, follow by two guards.” According to what I said just now?

S: The lady returned home and she was followed by two policemen.

T: Good job! What about this one “He hurried into the hall, followed by two guards.”?

S: He hurried into the hall and was followed by two guards.

T: Correct! So from here we can find out that it is very easy to deal with the subordinate clause of concomitance. We can use the link verb“and”, right? Now who’d like to read the third sentence? Ok,**,please!

S: Built in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.

T: You are right, sit down please! So here “built in 1949”is used as an adverbial to express the idea of ? Time, Concession or condition?

S: Time!

T: Good, so the past participle is used to express the idea of time. How to change it into a subordinate clause of time?

S: Since it was built in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.

T: Well done! Now let’s look at an example. Heated, the metal expands.

S: When it was heated, the metal expands.

T: Good! Now let’s look at the fourth sentence. Seen from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails. So here “Seen from a distance”is used as an adverbial to express the idea of ? Concession or condition?

S: T: Good, so the past participle is used to express the idea of condition. How to change it into a subordinate clause of condition?

S: If it was seen from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.

T: Well done! What about this one? If trapped in a burning building, you should send for help.

S: If you were trapped in a burning building, you should send for help.

T: Very good! Now let’s look at the last one. Although shot in the leg, he continued firing at the police. What’s the meaning of this sentence?

S: …………

T: So what’s the relationship between the two clauses?.

S: Concession!

Y: Yes! So we can say “Although he was shot in the leg, he continued firing at the police”, right? So here the past participle”shot” is used to express the idea of Concession, clear?

S: Yes.

T: So how to change this sentence into a clause? Wounded, the brave solider continued to fight.

S: Although he was wounded, the brave solider continued to fight.

T: Good job! Now let’s have a review. Today we’ve learnt the past participle used as adverbial. It has many functions and can be seen as subordinate clause of cause, subordinate clause of time, subordinate clause of concomitance, subordinate clause of Concession and conditional subordinate clause. Link verbs such as “after, before, since, if , although, when, while, whenever, once, until, as” can be used while changing these sentences into a clause. Are you clear?

S: Yes.

StepⅢ Practice (10 minutes)

T: OK. Now let’s turn to page 30. Look at exercise 3. Rewrite the following sentences using proper conjuctions. Try to rewrite these sentences. I’ll give you 3 minutes.

(3 minutes later)

T: Have you finished?

S: Yes.

(Check the answers)

StepⅣ Revision (9 minutes)

T: In the last two weeks, we’ve learned the past participle used as attributive, object complement, predicative, right? Do you still remember?

S: Yes.

T: Now let’s look at three sentences:1. The frightened girl is called Lily.

2. The girl is frightened.

3. She found the girl is frightened.

4. Frightened, the girl cannot fall asleep.

Have a discussion, what’s the function of the word “frightened”. Is it used as attributive, object complement, predicative or adverbial? Clear? I’ll give you 1minute.

(1 minute later)

T: Are you all clear about the functions of the word “frightened” in these 4 sentences? Who’d like to tell me your opinion? Volunteers, please! Good, **, please!

S: The first one is used as attributive. Next, predicative. The third, object complement. And the last one, adverbial.

T: Do you all agree with her? Are there any different opinions?

S: No.

T: Well, her answer is correct. Very good! Sit down, please.

StepⅤ Summary and Homework (1 minute)

T: Today we’ve learned the past participle used as adverbial. So after class, please finish the exercises on our workbook and of course exercise on page 30. Are you clear?

S: Yes.

T: So much for today. See you!

S: See you!

★ Blackboard Design:

★ Slide:

Frightened by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.

1.表示原因

Because she was frighten by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.

e.g. lost in thought, he almost fall from the tree.

The lady returned home, followed by two policemen.

2.表示伴隨

The lady returned home and she was followed by two policemen.

e.g. He hurried into the hall, follow by two guards.

Built in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.

3.表示時間

Since it was built in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.

e.g. Heated, the metal expands.

Seen from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.

4.表示條件

If it was seen from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.

e.g. If trapped in a burning building, you should send for help.

Although shot in the leg, he continued firing at the police.

5.表示讓步

Although he was shot in the leg, he continued firing at the police.

e.g. Wounded, the brave solider continued to fight.

▲　經常與過去分詞短語用的連詞有：after, before, since, if , although, when, while, whenever, once, until, as等。