Unit 1 That must be a record
Words and expressions
beard n. the hair which grows on a man's face (下巴上的)胡須；絡腮胡子
Sailors often grow beards. 船員常愛留胡子。
cheetah n. 獵豹；印度豹
sailfish n. 旗魚
voyager n. 航行者；航海者；航天者；旅客
tight adj. firm so that you can not untie or undo it easily 緊的；牢固的
These shoes are too tight----I need a bigger pair. 這鞋太緊--我需要一雙大一點的。
tightrope n.[c] 拉緊的繩索/鋼索
a tightrope walker 走繩索 (表演) 者
gorge a deep, narrow passage with steep rocky sides; a ravine 峽谷
the Three Gorges 三峽
edition n.[c] form in which a book is published 版本；版次
The first edition of Robinson Crusoe was printed in 1719.
《魯濱遜漂流記》第一版是在1797年出版的。
moustache n.[c] 髭(蓄在上唇之須)；小胡子=(美)mustache
have [wear] a mustache [a pair of mustaches] 留著小胡子 [留著八字胡]
Urumqi [uXrumqi] n. 烏魯木齊(即迪化,中國新疆自治區首府省會)
brewery n. an establishment for the manufacture of malt liquors, such as beer and ale
啤酒廠 pl. breweries
conclude vt. to bring or come to an end 結束
The meeting was concluded yesterday. 會議昨天結束了。
vt. come to an idea after thinking 推斷出；斷定
We concluded that the animal was dead as it did not move.
我們斷定這只野獸是死的，因為它一動也不動。
hire vt. pay to use something, or to use someone's help 租；雇傭
He hired a car with a driver. 他租了一輛帶司機的汽車。
send in send to the proper person or authority; hand in 遞送；呈送；提交
Have you sent in your application? 你的申請書送上去了嗎？
set down to write down; copy; record in writing or printing 寫下；抄下；記下
You had better set your idea down before you forget it.
你最好在未忘記以前把你的想法寫下來。
feat n. an act of skill, endurance, imagination, or strength; an achievement 技藝；本領
feats of horsemanship 馬術
a notable act or deed, especially an act of courage; an exploit 功績
a feat of arms 戰功
length n.[u] the distance from one end to the other 長；長度
What is the length of the car? 這輛汽車有多長？
hectare n. a metric unit of area equal to 100 ares (2.471 acres) 公頃 [等于100公畝(2.471英畝）]（合十五市畝）
athletic adj. of, relating to, or befitting athletics or athletes 運動（員）的
athletic sports 體育運動
adj. physically strong; muscular體格健壯的
an athletic girl 身強力壯的女孩
fade vi. to lose strength, colour, freshness, etc. 凋謝；褪色
Flowers fade when they come to an end. 花兒開過就凋謝了。
vt. cause to lose colour 使褪色
The sunlight has faded my tie. 陽光曬得我的領帶褪了顏色。
in a row 一個接一個地；連續不斷地
sit in a row 坐成一排
in the first place adv. 首先；第一
account n. saying or writing about what happened 敘述；描寫；報道
He has given me an account of what happened. 他對我講了事情的經過。
n. a record of money owned or owed in a bank, hotel, etc. 賬目；賬戶
A shop keeper must keep accounts. 店主必須記賬。
attempt vt. to try 嘗試；試圖；努力
They attempted to finish the work within a month. 他們試圖在一個月內完成這項工作。
n. the act of trying 企圖；試圖
He made an attempt to pass the exam, but it was too difficult.他試圖通過考試，但考試太難了。
suitable adj. right for a person, happening, place, etc合適的；恰當的
Thick clothes are not suitable for hot weather. 厚衣服不適于熱天穿。
apply for ask for 申請; 請求
He applies to the consul for a visa. 他向領事申請簽證。
inspect vt. look at something carefully 檢查；細看
Ted inspected the car before he bought it. 特德仔細看了那輛車之后才買。
vt. visit people or places to see that work is done well 視察；參觀
Several years later, they heard that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
幾年以后，聽說拿破侖本人要來視察他們。
confirm vt. make certain 證實；確認
The statement is confirmed by testimony. 這個說法由證據所證實了。
certificate n. piece of paper with writing that tells something about someone 證書；證明
I received this certificate when I passed the exam. 我考試及格以后領到了這份證書。
gradual adj. happening slowly and step by step; not sudden 逐漸的；逐步的
It didn't happen suddenly; the change was gradual. 這事情不是突然發生的，是逐漸變化的。
blank adj. empty; with no writing on it 空白的
Give me a blank sheet of paper, please. 請給我一張空白的紙。
n. a space left empty or to be filled in 空白處
Fill in the blank with prepositions. 用介詞填空。
enthusiastic adj. with enthusiasm 熱情的；熱心的
The imperialists are enthusiastic about the war. 帝國主義者熱衷于戰爭。
bid n.[c] the amount offered or proposed; an offer or proposal of a price投標；出價
Bids were invited for building the bridge. 為新橋的建造而進行招標。
vi. to make an offer to pay or accept a specified price 投標 (bid; bid)
Several companies will bid for/on the contract. 數家公司要投標爭取合約。
decade n.[c] a period of 10 years十年
Prices have risen steadily during the past decade. 過去十年中價格已穩步地上漲。
committee n. small group of people chosen by others to plan and organize委員會
The bill has passed through the committee. 該提案已在委員會通過。
fascinate vt. to attact; to charm 使入迷；吸引
The monkeys in the zoo fascinated me. 動物園里的猴子使我著了迷。
burst vi. to break because of the force inside 炸破；脹破
The bag was so full that it burst open. 袋子那么滿，都脹裂了。
vi. explode 爆炸
I had an accident when a tyre burst. 車胎爆了，我出了事故。
burst into begin suddenly or violently 突然開始；爆發出
They were so moved that they burst into tears. 他們都感動得哭了起來。
underline vt. draw a line under a word, sentence, etc.在（詞、句子等）下面劃線
Underline all the sentences you do not know. 在你不懂的句子下面劃一條線。
globe n. anything round like a ball 球狀物；地球；地球儀
I'm interested in studying the globe in my spare time. 閑暇時我對研究地球儀很感興趣。
bush n.[c] plant like a short tree, with many branches灌木
My coat caught in a bush. 我的衣服被矮樹叢鉤往了。
n.[u] wild country with small trees 灌林地帶；荒野
There is much bush in Australia and Africa. 在澳洲和非洲有許多未開發的叢林。
spaceman n. 宇航員；太空人
ramp n. an inclined surface or roadway connecting different levels. 斜面；斜坡
a place where a sharp change in level or direction occurs 彎道
skilful adj. experienced 熟練的；有技巧的；靈巧的
The child has become skillful in reading and writing. 那個小孩變得善于讀寫。
He is skillful with his fingers. 他的手指靈巧。
skateboard n. long piece of wood or plastic on wheels on which one stands while it runs quickly over the ground 滑板
skateboarder R n. 玩滑板的人
administration n. management, especially of business affairs; the activity of a sovereign state in the exercise of its powers or duties 經營；管理；行政
permission n.[u] allowing someone to do something允許；許可；同意
May I have permission to leave early? 可以讓我早點走嗎？
schoolmate n. a companion or an associate in one's school 同學；校友
They are my schoolmates. 他們是我的同學。
grandparent n. a parent of one's mother or father; a grandmother or grandfather (外）祖父（母）
recently adv. lately; not long ago 最近地；近來地
This book was published recently. 這本書是最近出版的。
familiar adj. usual, that you often see, hear, etc. 熟悉的；常見的
I am familiar with this idea. 我曉得這個意見。
The singer is familiar to every one of us. 這位歌唱家是我們大家熟悉的。
capture v. catch and hold someone or something 捕獲；占領
Our army captured 1,000 of the enemy. 我軍俘虜敵軍一千人。
to attract and hold 吸引
tales of adventure that capture the imagination 引起想象的探險故事
centre on/upon 將某人/謀事當作中心/重點
factor n. any of the things that cause or bring about a certain result因素；要素
Time is an important factor to consider in cooking. 烹調過程中掌握時間是很重要的。
concentrate vt. bring together into one place 集中
We concentrated our forces against the enemy's position. 我們集中兵力攻擊敵人的陣地。
vi. meet in a common centre 集中
He's tired and can't concentrate. 他累了，注意力不能集中。
concentrate on fix one's efforts and attention on把…集中在…上；全神貫注于
We are concentrating our efforts on socialist construction. 我們正集中力量建設社會主義。
helmet n. a head covering of hard material to protect the head頭盔；鋼盔；防護帽
The man on the motorcycle wore a helmet. 騎摩托車的人戴了一頂頭盔。
teenage adj. of, relating to, or applicable to those aged 13 through 19 十幾歲的；
青少年的
a teenage girl 一個十幾歲的女孩
truly adv. really; sincerely; genuinely 真正地；真誠地；真心地
Are you truly happy in your work? 你真的對你的工作滿意嗎？
We are truly sorry for the inconvenience. 我們真心為不便感到抱歉
delight vt. make someone very pleased, happy, etc.給人快樂；使欣喜
Her dancing delighted everyone. 她的舞蹈使人人高興。
n.[u] great pleasure or happiness 快樂；欣喜
She read the book with delight. 她讀了這本書感到非常滿意。
delighted adj. very pleased; happy高興的；快樂的
I am delighted to see you. 見到你很高興。
energetic adj. 精力旺盛/充沛的；充滿活力的
an energetic person 精力充沛的人
an energetic performance 充滿活力的演出
cautious adj. careful 小心的；謹慎的
The students should be cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling.
學生們拼寫時應非常小心，以避免發生錯誤。
outgoing adj. eager to mix socially with others; friendly好交際的；外向的
an outgoing personality 開朗的性格
register v. to enroll officially or formally, especially in order to vote or attend classes; to set down in writing; record 登記；注冊；記錄
He registered the birth of his child. 他登記了孩子的出生日。
skim v. to read or glance through (a book, for example) quickly or superficially瀏覽；略讀
The book is worth skimming through. 這本書值得瀏覽一下。
the Tour de France 環法自行車賽
Unit 2 Crossing limits
Words and expressions
evaluate vt. to examine and judge carefully; appraise; to ascertain or fix the value or worth of 評價；估計
The research project has only been under way for three months, so it's too early to evaluate its success. 這個研究項目進行了不過三個月,所以要對它的成績作出評價為時尚早。
various adj. of different kinds各種各樣的；不同種類的
There are various ways of cooking rice. 做米飯有各種不同的方法。
in the name of acting for 以…的名義；代表…
We're very glad to greet you in the name of the Chinese people.
我們非常高興以中國人的名義向你們致意。
key adj. of crucial importance; significant 關鍵的；極重要的
key decisions 意義重大的結論 the key element of the thesis 論文的中心成分
origin n. beginning; start of anything 起源；來源
What was the origin of Man? 人類的起源是什么？
n. parentage, birth, or ancestors 出身；來歷
He is a researcher of working class origin. 他是工人出身的研究員。
equip vt. put in a place, or give someone, all the tools, instruments, etc. that are needed 裝備；配備
Our factory is equipped with modern machines. 我廠是用現代化機械裝備的。
endeavor n. an earnest attempt 努力；盡力
We make every endeavor to satisfy our customers. 我們盡全力使顧客滿意。
v. to attempt by employment of effort 努力；盡力
We must always endeavour to improve our work. 我們總要努力改進自己的工作。
puzzle n. problem; something that is difficult to understand; game where you must find an answer 難題；謎
It is a puzzle to me how he could come here. 我不知他是怎么到這里來的。
vt. make you think a lot because you do not understand it 使困惑；使糊涂
I am puzzled by the difficult question. 我被難題難住了。
wealthy adj. having much wealth富有的；富裕的
Wealthy men are not always happy. 有錢人未必總是幸福的。
Asian adj. native of Asia 亞洲(人)的
What's the difference between the Asian elephants and African elephants?
亞洲象和非洲象有什么不同
n. a native or inhabitant of Asia 亞洲人
in exchange for in the place of something that you have given to someone 交換；互換
I'll give you three sweets in exchange for an apple. 我拿三塊糖換你一個蘋果。
spice n. things like ginger, pepper, cinnamon, cloves, etc. that are put into food 香料；調味品（如姜、胡椒等）
Pepper is a spice. 胡椒是一種調味品。
Arab n. a native of Arabia 阿拉伯人
adj. of the Arabs or Arabia; Arabian 阿拉伯(人)的
westernmost adj. 最西 (端) 的
African n. a native or inhabitant of Africa 非洲人
adj. of or relating to Africa or its peoples, languages, or cultures 非洲(人)的
ambassador n. a diplomatic official appointed a as representative by one government to another 大使；使節
He was appointed ambassador to Japan. 他奉派為駐日大使。
Roman adj. of or relating to ancient or modern Rome or its people or culture
羅馬(人)的
n. a native, inhabitant, or citizen of ancient or mod
ern Rome 羅馬人
empire n. a group of countries under one ruler, usually an emperor 帝國
the Roman Empire 羅馬帝國
rhinoceros n. 犀牛
horn n. a hard, pointed thing which grows on the head of some animals（羊、牛、鹿等動物的）角
Horns are usually in pairs, one on each side of the head.
角一般都是成對的，在頭部兩側一邊長一個。
n. an instrument for making loud warning noises 喇叭
The taxi driver blew his horn to tell us that he had arrived.
出租汽車司機按喇叭告訴我們他到了。
wander vi. to go from place to place with no special purpose 漫游；閑逛
The boys wandered around the town with nothing to do.
那些男孩無所事事，在鎮上到處閑逛。
motherland n. one's native land 祖國
awareness n.[u] 覺察；意識；知道
awareness of one's ignorance 意識到自己的無知
existence n.[u] being 存在；生存
The tree owes its existence to soil. 樹木依賴泥土生存。
accurate adj. conforming exactly to fact; errorless 準確的
deviating only slightly or within acceptable limits from a standard 精確的
Is this watch accurate? 這只表準嗎?
navy n. all the warships of a country, with officers and men 海軍
the army, navy and air force 陸、海、空軍三軍
treasure n. store of gold, silver, jewels, money, or other valuable things 財寶；財富
They were looking for buried treasure. 他們在尋找埋在地下的財寶。
fleet n. big groups of ships; a number of ships, airplanes, automobiles etc. moving together 艦隊；船隊；機群；汽車隊
The Sixth Fleet of the United States Navy was ordered to the South Sea.
美國海軍第六艦隊受命駛向南海。
command n. an order; the act of commanding 命令；指揮
The policeman gave the command to stop. 警察下令停下。
n. ability to control; mastery 控制；精通
He has a good command of English. 他英語掌握得很好。
vt. order; control 命令；指揮；控制
The policeman commanded the car to stop. 警察命令汽車停下。
set sail (from/to/for) on a voyage 啟航；揚帆
The liner set sail for New York at 8:30. 輪船在八時半啟航開往紐約。
royal adj. of or relating to a monarch. 王室的；皇家的
a royal family/palace 王室/宮 a royal house 皇家
embassy n.[c] place where embassy people live and work 大使館
To go to the United States, you must get a visa at the U.S. embassy.
你必須從美國大使館得到簽證才能去美國。
zebra n.[c] an African mammal related to the horse and having dark stripes on a light body 斑馬
The zebra is a kind of horse that lives in Africa. 斑馬是生活在非洲的一種馬。
in return in exchange 作為回報
She presented me a dictionary in return. 她送給我一本詞典作為答謝。
symbolic adj. of, relating to, or expressed by means of symbols or a symbol象征的；
符號的
The dove is symbolic of peace. 鴿子象征和平。
symbolic language 符號語言
volunteer n. someone who volunteers to do a job or to join the army 自愿者
That man is a volunteer fireman in this town. 那個人是這個鎮里的志愿消防隊員。
v. offer to do a job that is unpleasant, difficult, or dangerous 自愿從事
Two men volunteered to search for the missing climber.
兩個人自告奮勇去尋找那位失蹤的登山運動員。
radium n. a chemical element that gives off rays 鐳
Radioactivity is a special quality of radium. 放射性是鐳的一種特性。
sum n. an amount obtained as a result of adding numbers 總數；和
Eleven is the sum of six and five. 十一是六加五的和。
n. amount of money一筆（金額）
He paid a large sum for the house. 他出一筆巨款買了這所房子。
dam n.[c] a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow or raise the level of water 水壩；堤
There are several dams across the Huai River. 淮河上有幾座水閘。
bring up look after and educate children, etc 教養；培養
I was brought up by my aunt. 我是我姑姑撫養成人的。
introduce to notice or consideration, mention 提出
Why don't you bring this up at the meeting? 你何不在會上提出這個問題？
horizon n. line where the earth or sea seems to meet the sky 地平線
The sun sank below the horizon. 太陽落到地平線以下了。
navigation n. the act of navigating; the passage of ships, etc. over the sea, etc. 航行；航海；航空
aerial navigation 空中航行；航空 ocean navigation 遠洋航行
Korea n. peninsula in east Asia, extending south from northeast China 朝鮮；韓國
suggest vt. give someone an idea; say that something will be possible 建議；提議 I suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tonight. 我提議我們今晚開個會。
vt. bring to mind 使人想起；暗示
Smoke suggests fire. 有煙就有火。
accomplish vt. finish something; complete; carry out 完成；實現
You have accomplished a purpose. 你達到了目的。
apart from prep. with the exception of; besides 除…外；除…外還
Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time. 除了費錢以外，還要花很多時間。
sickness n.[u] the condition of being sick; illness 疾病
Viruses and germs cause most sicknesses. 病毒與細菌引起大部分的疾病。
n.[u] be overcome by a feeling of sickness 惡心
unable adj. not able to do something不能的；不會的；無能為力的
He was unable to walk. 他不能走。
the Himalayas n. 喜馬拉雅山脈
sacred adj. of god or religion; holy神圣的
A church is a sacred building. 教堂是一個神圣的處所。
Sherpa n. 夏爾巴人(西藏的一種族)
Tibet n. 西藏
honesty n. the condition or quality of being honest; freedom from deceit or cheating
誠實
(prov.) Honesty is the best policy. （諺）誠實為上策。
dedication n.[u] the act of dedicating奉獻
His dedication to teaching gained the respect of his students.
他對教學的奉獻得到了學生們尊敬。
n.[c] words used in dedicating a book or other work 題獻；獻詞
The book's dedication reads "To Mother". 本書獻詞寫道：“獻給母親”。
ideal adj. very best, exactly right 完美的；理想的
This place is ideal for a picnic. 這個地方野餐最理想。
refer vi. speak about something 談到；涉及；所指
This is not the dictionary which I referred to. 這不是我所指的那本詞典。
vt. hand over to (someone) for a decision; send or direct to (someone or something) for help or action 呈交；提交
We refer the question to them. 我們把這個問題提交他們處理。
refer to 提到
Don't refer to that problem again, please. 請不要再提那個問題了。
run out become exhausted or used up; come to the end of a supply, etc. 被用完；耗完
The aircraft will run out of fuel in another hour. 飛機再過一小時燃料就將用完。
technological adj. 技術的
technological development 科學技術的發展
aircraft n. machine that flies; aeroplane; helicopter 飛行器；飛機
arise vi. happen; start發生；產生 (arose; arisen)
How did the quarrel arise? 爭吵是怎樣發生的？
vi. move upward; ascend 向上；上升
When I started off, the sun was arising. 我出發時太陽正在升起。
evidence n.[u] proof; something that shows what has happened and why it has happened 證據；證明
There is no evidence that he is guilty. 沒有證據證明他有罪。
chairman n. the person who is in charge of meeting 主席；董事長
chairman of the meeting 會議主席 a bank board chairman 銀行董事長
praise vt. say that something or someone is good表揚；稱贊
The teacher praised Tom for his homework. 教員表揚湯姆的家庭作業做得好。
n. the act of saying that a person or a thing is good, words expressing admiration, applause
贊美；稱贊 He had a lot of praise for Tom's work. 他十分稱贊湯姆的工作。
Christopher Columbus [XkristRfR kRXlVmbRs] 克里斯托佛哥倫布(西班牙航海家)
Marco Polo [XmQkRu XpRulRu] 馬可波羅(意大利旅行家)
Ceylon n. 錫蘭(現稱斯里蘭卡)
Unit 3 The land down under
Words and expressions
Canberra n. 堪培拉(澳大利亞首都)
outback n. [the ～] (澳大利亞)內地 adj. 內地的
territory n. land that belongs to one government 領土；領域
This island is our territory. 這個島是我國領土。
Queensland [‘kwI:nzlEnd] n. 昆士蘭 (澳大利亞州名)
Victoria n. 維多利亞(澳大利亞州名)
Tasmania [tAz’meniE] n. 塔斯馬尼亞(島)（澳大利亞地名）
Aborigines n. (尤指澳大利亞的)土著居民
strait n. a narrow piece of water connecting two larger bodies of water 海峽
The strait is narrow. 這個海峽很窄。
Torres [‘tRrEs]Strait 托雷斯海峽
islander n. an inhabitant of an island 島上居民
fellow adj. being of the same kind, group, occupation, society; having in common certain characteristics or interests 同事的，同類的
fellow workers 同事
n. people of the same sort, friends; a man 同類；伙伴；家伙
We are fellows at school. 我們是同學。
What a nice fellow he is! 他是個多么好的人��！
Portuguese adj. 葡萄牙（人）的；葡萄牙語的 n. 葡萄牙人；葡萄牙語
Dutch adj. 荷蘭(人)的；荷蘭(語)的 n. [the ～] 荷蘭人；荷蘭語
claim vt. say that you should have something 要求
He can fairly claim to have more. 他可以正當地要求多給些。
vt. to say that something belongs to you 認領
I lost my umbrella, but claimed it at the lost property office.
我把傘丟了，后來在失物招領處認領回來了。
vt. state as a fact, despite objections; assert; maintain 聲稱
He claims to have written the article in two days. 他聲稱只用兩天就把文章寫成了。
n. a demand for something to which one has a real or supposed right 要求
They made a claim for higher pay. 他提出更高報酬的要求。
criminal n. a person who has done something seriously against law 罪犯；犯人
The judge imposes a punishment on the criminal. 法庭處罰這個罪犯。
adj. law breaking 犯罪的
Criminal parents could corrupt any child. 犯罪的父母可使孩子變壞。
govern v. to make laws for a country, to rule統治；治理
Who governs this country? 誰治理這個國家？
governor n. someone who rules a state or province 州長；省長；總督
Who is the Governor of Hong Kong? 香港總督是誰？
newcomer n. one who has only recently arrived 新來的人；新手
a newcomer to the big city 剛來到大都市的人
a newcomer to politics 政界的新人
as a consequence (of) in consequence 作為/由于……的結果；因而
She worked hard at her lessons and as a consequence got high marks.
她努力學習功課，因而得了很高的分數。
resemble vt. to exhibit similarity or likeness to 像；類似
She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.
她說話時打手勢的動作像她媽媽。
commonwealth n. 共和國；聯邦；共同體
the Commonwealth of Australia 澳大利亞聯邦
diverse adj. differing one from another; different 不同的；多種多樣的
have diverse interests 有多種興趣
transform vt. change the shape of someone or something; make something look different 改變；轉變
Heat can transform water into steam. 熱能使水變為蒸汽。
immigration n.[u] the act of coming into a country; the place where you enter a country移民
After the Customs, you must show your passport to the office at Immigration.
通過海關之后，你必須在移民局出示你的護照。
strengthen vt. to make strong or increase the strength of 加強
The fence was strengthened with wire. 這堵圍欄用金屬絲加固了。
vi. to become strong or stronger 變強
Our enemy has greatly strengthened during the truce talks. 和談期間，敵人力量已大為增強。
differ vi. not to be the same 不同；相異
I must differ from you. 我不能同意你的意見。
pronunciation n. how you say a word or words 發音
His pronunciation is very bad. 他的發音很糟。
vocabulary n.[c] all the words in a language 詞匯
He has a vocabulary of only a few hundred words. 他掌握的詞匯只有幾百個字。
n.[c] list of words in a lesson or book 詞匯表
There is an English Chinese vocabulary at the end of the book. 書末附有英漢詞匯表。
n.[c] all the words that one person knows 詞匯量
A young child has a small vocabulary. 小孩子的詞匯量小。
mate n.[c] friend; someone who works or learns, etc. with you 伙伴；同事
His mates waited for him by the gate. 他的同事在門口等他。
n.[c] husband or wife 配偶
She has been a faithful mate to him. 她一直都是他忠實的妻子。
v. to join closely; pair. (使)密切結合；(使)配對
sheila [5Fi:lE] n. ( Australian) a girl or young woman 少女；少婦
female n.[c] woman or girl; animal that can have baby animals; plant that has fruit 女子；雌性植物
A daughter is a female child. 女兒是女性孩子。
adj. of, relating to, or denoting the sex that produces ova or bears young. 女的；女性的
wilderness n. an unsettled, uncultivated region left in its natural condition荒野；荒地
billabong n. a dead-end channel extending from the main stream of a river死河；
干河道
aboriginal adj. of or relating to aborigines 土著的
aboriginal races 原始種族
concept n. a thought; an idea; a general notion 概念；觀念
A small baby has no conc ept of right and wrong. 小孩不懂什么是正確和錯誤。
break out start suddenly 爆發；突然發生
A fire broke out near here yesterday. 昨天此地附近發生了一場火災。
chew vt. to bite and grind with the teeth; masticate 咀嚼
You must chew your food well before you swallow it. 你吞下食物以前必須要好好咀嚼。
vt. to meditate on; ponder 深思
The judge chewed the matter over before making a decision. 法官在判決前仔細考慮過此事。
chairwoman n. a woman presiding officer of an assembly, meeting, committee, or board 女主席；女董事長
feed ... on to serve as food for 喂養；飼養
We feed the sheep on grass. 我們給羊吃草。
koala n. 樹袋熊；考拉(澳洲產無尾熊，即koala bear)
entire adj. complete; whole; without anything left out 完全的；整個的；全部的
The ship sank with the entire crew. 輪船及全體船員都沉沒了。
Alaska n. 阿拉斯加(美國州名)
mine n.[c] big hole in the ground that people make when they are looking for coal,
metal, diamonds, etc. 礦井
There are many coal mines in the north. 北方有許多煤礦。
n.[c] a bomb placed in the ground or water for destroying enemy soldiers or ships 地雷
The lorry was destroyed by a land mine. 這輛卡車被一個地雷炸毀了。
v. dig for coal, gold, etc. in the ground 采礦
Gold is mined from deep under ground. 黃金是在很深的地下采的。
fence n.[c] a barrier round a garden or field 籬笆；圍欄
We built a fence around the yard to keep the dog in.
為了不讓狗出去我們在院子四周筑起一道籬笆。
dingo n. 澳洲野犬
round up to bring together; to collect in one place 趕攏；使集攏
They try to round up a scattered herd of cattle. 他們試圖把分散的牲口趕在一起。
outdoors adv. in the open air, outside 在野外；在戶外
They often worked outdoors. 他們常常在戶外工作。
birthplace n. the place where someone is born or where something originates
出生地；發源地
outing n.[c] short journey to enjoy yourself 出外游玩；短途旅行
The children had plenty of outings during the summer. 孩子們夏天常外出游玩。
lemonade n. a drink made of lemon juice, water, and sugar 檸檬水
barbecue a social gathering, usually held outdoors, at which food is cooked over an open flame 戶外烤肉餐；燒烤
vt. to roast or grill (meat or seafood) over live coals or an open fire 燒烤
roast vt. to cook with dry heat, as in an oven or near hot coals 烘烤
The meat is roasting. 肉正烤著。
adj. roasted 烘烤過的
roast duck. 烤鴨
steak n. a thick slice of meat or fish cut for frying, grilling, etc 肉排；魚排 (尤指)牛排 =beefsteak
barrier n.[c] a divider between two things障礙
The police put a barrier across the road. 警察設了路障。
the Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁
logical adj. reasoning; reasonable 合邏輯的；合乎情理的
His argument seems logical. 他的論據似乎有道理 [合邏輯] 。
wombat n. 袋熊
pointed adj. with a sharp end尖的
That is a pointed stick. 那是一根尖棍。
adj. sharp; clear and direct 直截了當的；率直的
His pointed remarks about the party were not polite. 他對聚會直率的議論顯得很不禮貌。
claw n. one of the pointed nails on the feet of some animals and birds; hand on a crab, etc. （禽獸）爪；腳爪；（蟹等）鉗；螯
Cats have very sharp claws. 貓有著鋒利的腳爪。
A crab has two claws. 螃蟹有兩個鉗。
v. to scratch, dig, tear, or pull with or as if with claws 搔；撓；抓
The cat clawed the chair. 貓用爪子抓椅子。
hairy covered with hair or hairlike projections 多毛的；(似)毛發的
a hairy caterpillar 一條毛茸茸的毛蟲
medium adj. middle, not big and not small 中等的
He is a man of medium height. 他是一個中等身材的男人。
bushy adj. covered with bushes 灌木叢生的
Unit 4 Green world
Words and expressions
procedure n. a manner of proceeding; a way of performing 程序；手續
This is the correct procedure for obtaining a visa. 這是取得簽證的正確程序/手續。
a series of steps taken to accomplish an end 步驟
a long therapeutic procedure 長期治療過程
tulip n. 郁金香
rose n.[c] a beautiful flower, which is red, white or yellow 玫瑰(花)；薔薇(花)
Father planted roses along one side of the garden. 父親沿著花園的一邊種了玫瑰。
You lie upon roses when young, you'll lie upon thorns when old. 少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。
peony n.[c] 牡丹；芍藥
She blushed like a peony. 她臉紅得像一朵牡丹花。
strawberry n.[c] small, soft, red fruit 草莓
Her favourite fruit is strawberry. 她最喜歡的水果是草莓。
lemon n. 檸檬
a slice of lemon 一片檸檬
bunch n. a number of things of the same kind fastened or growing together 串；束
a bunch of flowers 一束花 a bunch of grapes/keys 一串葡萄/鑰匙
merely adv. only僅僅；只不過
I didn't stop to speak to him--I merely smiled. 我沒有停下來和他說話--我只是微微一笑。
herb n. 草藥；草本植物；香草
classify vt. to arrange or organize according to class or category 分類
We usually classify types of character as good or bad.
我們通常把 (人的) 性格之類型分為善與惡。
identification n. the state of being identified 鑒別；驗明
the identification of high yielding seeds 高產量種子的鑒別
n. proof or evidence of identity 身份證明(縮寫 ID)
His only means of identification was his passport. 他唯一證明身份的證件就是他的護照。
male adj. of the sex that does not give birth to young ones 男（性）的；雄性的
A cock is a male bird. 公雞是雄性家禽。
n. man or boy; animal that cannot have baby animals; plant that does not have fruit 男人；雄性動物/植物
A bull, a cock and a he goat are males. 公牛，公雞，公羊都是雄性動物。
promote vt. to contribute to the progress or growth of 促進；推進
Kindness promotes peace. 親切的行為可以促進和睦。
vt. to raise to a more important or responsible job or rank 提升
Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster. 我們的老師已被提升為校長了。
botanical adj. of or relating to plants or plant life; of or relating to the science of botany 植物的；植物學 (上) 的
the botanical garden(s) 植物園
privilege n. a special advantage, permission, right, or benefit granted to or enjoyed by an individual, a class 特權；優惠
Our members have the privilege of using the lending service of the library.
我們的會員有享受圖書館借書服務的特權。
cozy adj. comfortable; easy 舒適的；安逸的
I felt cozy watching the hearth fire. 看著爐火我感到溫暖而舒適。
appetite n. a desire for food 食欲；胃口
Exercises give one a good appetite. 運動增進食欲。
n. a strong wish or liking 愛好；欲望
He has an appetite for writing. 他好從事寫書。
wealth n.[u] (lots of) money; valuable things 財富；財產
Some were owners of great wealth and property. 有些人擁有萬貫家財。
Oceania n. the Pacific Islands 大洋洲
appointed vt. to select or designate to fill an office or position 任命；委派
We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.
我們必須立即委派一名新教師到那山村小學去。
vt. to fix or set by authority or by mutual agreement 約定；指定
They appointed a place to exchange stamps. 他們約定一個地方交換郵票。
Venus n. the second planet from the sun 金星
n. (Roman Mythology) the goddess of sexual love and physical beauty
維納斯(羅馬神話中愛與美的女神)
the V of Milo 米羅的維納斯雕像
calculate vt. find an answer by working with numbers 計算
Let me calculate the cost of the journey. 讓我計算一下旅途的用費。
astronomy n. the scientific study of matter in outer space 天文學
expense n. the act of spending money; cost; money used or needed for sth.花費；
支出；代價；費用
The expense of running a car has risen recent years. 近幾年來使用汽車的費用增加了。
look our for to be careful of 當心；注意；警惕
Look out (for the car)! 留神(汽車)！
on a large scale 大規模地；大范圍地
cocoa n. brown powder from the beans of a tree, made into chocolate 可可粉
n. drink that you make with cocoa powder and milk 可可茶
hemp n. 大麻
involve vt. to contain as a part; include 包括；涉及
All the children were involved in the school play. 所有的孩子都參加了學校排練的劇。
vt. to engage as a participant 使牽涉；使卷入；使參與
Don't involve other people in your trouble. 別把別人牽涉進你的麻煩中去。
enterprise ] n. an undertaking, especially one of some scope, complication, and risk; a business organization 事業；企業
government enterprise 公/國營企業 private enterprise 私/民營企業
small-to-medium-sized enterprises 中小企業
settlement n. group of homes in a place where no people have lived before 拓居地；定居點
The first settlements were on the east coast of America. 最初的殖民地是在美洲的東海岸。
n. agreeing about something after discussing it 解決（方案）
After long talks about pay, the managers and workers reached a settlement.
就工資進行長期談判后，勞資雙方達成一項解決辦法。
Kew [kju:] n. 克佑(倫敦之西郊,為皇家植物園之所在地)
accumulate vt&i. to gather or pile up; amass; to mount up; increase
積累；聚集
He accumulated a fortune by hard work. 他靠努力工作積蓄了一筆財富。
Snow accumulated to a depth of 10 feet. 雪已積到十尺深。
abandon vt. leave someone or something; give up; desert 離棄；放棄；拋棄
The driver abandoned his car in the snow. 司機把汽車拋在雪地里。
straw n. dry, cut stalks of wheat, etc. 稻草；麥稈
Everyone of us had a straw hat on. 我們人人都戴草帽。
n. thin tube of paper or plastic for drinking a cold drink 麥管；吸管
He sucked Coke through a straw. 他用吸管吸可口可樂。
pineapple n. 鳳梨；波蘿
year after year adv. 年年；一年又一年(= year in year out)
We have visited this island year in year out and we never get bored.
我們在這個島上參觀很長時間，但我們沒有厭煩。
classification n. the act or result of classifying; a category or class分類；類別
pass away die 去世
He passed away during the night. 他在晚間逝世。
Oxford n. 牛津[英國牛津郡 (Oxford shire) 的首府, 為牛津大學 (Oxford又作Oxford University) 所在地]
tone n. a sound; the quality of a sound; the voice, as expressing feeling音調；語調
She spoke in an angry tone. 她用惱怒的口氣說話。
reward n. present or money that you give to thank someone for something 報酬；報答
He was given a reward for passing the examination. 他因考試及格而得到獎品。
He worked hard all his life but without much reward. 他辛勤一生，但得到的報酬卻很少。
vt. give something in return for 酬謝；獎賞
He was well rewarded by the kind things people said about him.
人們表揚了他，這就是對他很好的獎勵。
name… after 給……取名；命名
technician n. expert who works with machines, instruments or tools技術員；技師
Charles Darwin 查理士達爾文(英國自然科學家) beagle n. 小獵犬
nowhere adv. at, in, or to no place; not anywhere 任何地方都不；什么地方也沒有
He was nowhere to be found. 什么地方也找不到他。
n. an unknown place 不知道的地方：
a cabin in the middle of nowhere 不知在什么中心的小屋
altogether adv. on the whole; all things considered 總共；總而言之
There were five of us altogether. 我們共有五人。
Altogether, the book is quite interesting. 總的說來，這本書相當有趣。
adv. totally; completely 完全；全部地
Some of what you say is true, but I don't altogether agree.
你說的有些是真的，但我不能全都同意。
finch n．雀科鳴禽
beak n. 鳥嘴
appearance n. what someone or something looks like 外貌；外表
Do not judge by appearances. 別從外貌判斷事物。
n. being seen; coming 顯露；出現
At the sight of his appearance on the stage, the hall rang with thunderous applause.
他一出場，禮堂里就掌聲雷動。
output n.[u] amount of things that you have made 產量；產品
We must increase our output to meet people's needs. 我們必須增加產量來滿足人們的需要。
dandelion n. 蒲公英
latter adj. 后者
Of the two, the former is better than the latter. 兩者之中前者較后者為佳。
distinguish vt.& vi. show the difference in; show the difference; make a distinction 區別；辨別
He could not distinguish cotton from wool. 他不能辨認是棉花還是羊毛。
You are confusing things, let me distinguish. 你把事情越弄越糟，讓我來把它區分出來。
in detail with all the facts 詳細地
The teacher explained the text in detail. 老師詳細地解釋了課文。
millimeter [`milimitE] n. 毫米
Carl Linnaeus [`kB:l li`nI:Es] 卡爾林尼厄斯(瑞典植物學家)
Daniel Solander [ sE`lAdE] 丹尼爾索蘭德(瑞典植物學家)
Tahiti n. 塔希提島(位于南太平洋)
Galapagos [gE`lApEgEs] n. 加拉帕戈斯(群島)
Gregor Mendel [`gregE `mendl] 格雷戈門德爾(奧地利遺傳學家)
Gote Turesson [`ge:tE tE`ri:sn] 約特杜爾松(瑞典植物學家)
Unit 5 Getting the message
Words and expressions
convey vt. carry; take from one place to another; transport 傳送；運載
A bus conveys passengers from the train to the boat. 一輛公共汽車把旅客從車站送到碼頭。
vt. serve as a means of carrying; conduct; transmit 轉達；表達
Please convey my thanks to your wife. 請向你的妻子轉達我的謝意。
advertise vt. to make public announcement of, especially to proclaim the qualities or advantages of (a product or business) so as to increase sales 做廣告
It has been advertised in the magazine. 已在雜志上刊登了廣告。
vi. to call the attention of the public to a product or business做廣告
The company advertised for a new secretary. 公司登廣告招聘一名新秘書。
advertiser n. 廣告商；登廣告者
The report gives advertisers a new picture of women today.
這份報告使廣告商對今日婦女有了新的認識。
brand n.[c] a trademark or distinctive name identifying a product or a manufacturer商標；牌子
What brand of soap do you like? 你喜歡什么牌子的肥皂？
consideration n.[u] thinking about something 考慮
After much consideration, I accepted the offer. 經過仔細考慮我接受了這個提議。
n.[u] being thoughtful and careful about people's feeling 體諒；關心
We should have consideration for the rights of others. 我們應當為別人的權利著想。
take …into consideration 考慮……
charge n. words that a policeman says when he catches someone who has done wrong 指控；控告
The man went to court on a charge of stealing. 這人被指控盜竊，進了法院。
n. payment asked for something 收費；要價
These books are free of charge. 這些書是免費的。
n. responsibility; trust 責任；委托
I put the children in your charge. 我將孩子委托你照顧。
in charge of 負責
I am in charge of this department. 我負責這一部門。
loss n. losing 喪失；丟失
He told the police about the loss of his car. 他告訴警察他的小汽車丟了。
n. something that is lost; waste 損失；浪費
His death is a great loss to the country. 他的逝世對國家是一個巨大的損失。
blame vt. to say that a person did something wrong 責怪
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident. 那次交通事故不應該責怪司機。
n. the state of being responsible for a fault or an error; culpability 責備；譴責
The car driver took the blame for the accident. 汽車的司機承擔了事故的責任。
mislead to lead into error of thought or action, especially by intentionally deceiving 使誤解；使誤入歧途
Don't let his friendly manner mislead you into trusting him.
不要讓他那種友好的態度使你誤信他。
misleading adj. tending to mislead 使人誤解的；欺騙的
Your words were rather misleading. 你所說的話頗容易引起誤解。
broadcast vt. to send out or communicate, especially by radio or television播放；播出 (broadcast, broadcasted; broadcast, broadcasted)
The agency broadcast an urgent appeal for medical supplies.
代理商通過電臺緊急呼吁要求藥品供應。
vi. to transmit a radio or television program for public or general use; to be on the air播放(節目)
The station begins broadcasting at 6 a.m. 電臺早晨 6:00開始播音
post vt. fasten (a notice) up in a place where it can easily be seen 張貼
The names of the members of the team will be posted up today.今天將貼出這個隊成員的名單。
hand in hand holding each other's hands; together 手拉手；共同地
They walked away hand in hand. 他們手拉手地離去了。
react vi. to act in response to or under the influence of a stimulus or prompting:反應；作出反應
Our eyes react to light. 我們的眼睛對光起反應。
vi. 反對；反抗[against]
The people soon reacted against the cruel system. 人們不久便起來反抗暴政。
annoy vt. to cause slight irritation to (another) by troublesome, often repeated acts
使生氣；使煩惱
These flies are annoying me. 這些蒼蠅真讓人討厭。
vi. to be annoying 招人討厭；惹人煩惱
A fly keeps annoying. 一只蒼蠅總在煩我。
annoying adj. causing vexation or irritation; troublesome 討厭的；惱人的
an annoying cough 一聲惱人的咳嗽
critic n.[c] a person who is critic by profession 批評家，評論家
These critics have agreed to his arguments. 這些評論家已同意他的論點。
accuse vt. charge with doing something wrong or having broken the law 控告；告發
She accused him of theft. 她控告他行竊。
associate vt. to connect or join together; combine聯合；結合；聯系
They are associated with him in business. 他們在工作上與他有關系。
vi. to connect in the mind or imagination 聯想
What do you associate with such a heavy snow? 這樣一場大雪你有什么聯想?
get across (a viewpoint, etc.) become clear or understandable; make(a viewpoint,etc.)clear or understandable 被人理解；傳播
He got his meaning across. 他把意思講清楚了。
appeal vi. to make an earnest or urgent request, as for help懇求；呼吁
The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁每個人節約用水。
vi to make or apply for an appeal 上訴，申訴
The victims' families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court.
謀殺案的被害家屬已經上訴最高法院。
vi. to be attractive or interesting 有感染力；有吸引力
Does the idea of working for a venture company appeal to you?
你有沒有興趣到合資企業去工作?
n. an earnest or urgent request, entreaty, or supplication 呼吁；懇求
n. a resort or application to a higher authority, as for sanction, corroboration, or a decision
呼吁；上訴
a court of appeal 上訴法庭 a direct appeal 直接上訴
n. the power of attracting or of arousing interest 吸引力；感染力
a city with appeal for tourists 對游客有吸引力的城市
appeal to v. 呼吁；上訴；有吸引力
He appealed to us for support. 他懇求我們的支持。
This poem makes an appeal to the emotions. 這首詩有動人情感的力量 [有感染力] 。
frequent adj. common, habitual, repeated many times 常常發生的；頻繁的
Snows are frequent in this area during December. 這個地區十二月下雪是常事。
figure n.[c] a written sign for a number 數字
The figures are not accurate. 這些數字不精確。
n.[c] how much money something costs 價格
We bought the house for a high figure. 我們高價買了這棟房子。
n.[c] a shape or drawing 圖形；畫像
That is a geometrical figure. 那是個幾何圖形。
n.[c] shape of a person or animal in stone, metal, or wood 塑像，雕像
This is the figure of Lu Xun in marble. 這是魯迅的大理石雕像。
n.[c] a person, a character, 人物
He was one of the great figures in history. 他是歷史上的偉大人物之一。
salesman n. someone whose job is to sell goods售貨員；推銷員
The salesman showed her nearly all the hats in the shop.
該店員幾乎將店中所有帽子都拿給她看了。
saleswoman n.女售貨員；女推銷員
profit n. the return received on a business undertaking after all operating expenses have been met盈利；利潤
Newspapers make a profit from [out of] the advertisements they carry.
報紙由其所刊登的廣告獲取利益。
v. 有利/益于
A wise person profits by [from] his mistakes. 智者由自己的過失中得到教益。
It will not profit you to do so. 那樣做對你不會有益處的。
campaign n. a battle戰役
a campaign to take the enemy city 攻克敵人城市的戰役
n. a movement with a political or business purpose （政治或商業上的）運動；活動
a campaign to stop people drinking when they drive 禁止人們在開車時飲酒的運動
an advertising campaign 廣告活動
vi. take part or serve in a campaign 從事活動；參加運動
They campaigned for human rights. 他們參加了人權運動。
policy n.[c] the general plan of a government, business, company, etc. 方針；政策
What is the government policy on education? 政府的教育政策是什么？
n. a course of conduct; a plan of action 計策
Honesty is the best policy. 誠實是上策。
spokesman n. a man who speaks on behalf of another or others發言人；代言人
spokeswoman n. a woman who speaks on behalf of another or others
女發言人；女代言人
illegal adj. wrong, not allowed by law 不合法的；犯法的
It is illegal to drive when you are drunk.. 喝醉了酒開車是違法的。
keep an eye out for 當心；警惕
bait n. 誘餌；魚餌
target n. what you are trying to hit when you shoot a bullet or arrow 靶子；目標
The hunter's target was a wild animal. 這個獵人的目標是一只野獸。
n. something we aim to do or get 目標；指標
This book will be the target of bitter criticism. 這書會成為嚴格批評的對象。
bullet n.[c] a shot fired from a gun 子彈；槍彈
Every bullet has its billet. 每顆子彈都有歸宿。
sneaker n. a sports shoe usually made of canvas and having soft rubber soles運動鞋
nutritional l adj. 營養(品)的
nowadays [`nauEdeiz] adv. during the present time; now 現在；當今
Nowadays, advertisements can be found everywhere in any big city.
現在,在任何一個大城市里,到處都可以看到廣告。
nephew n. son of your brother or sister 侄子；外甥
He was a nephew of my friend. 他是我朋友的侄子。
waitress n.[c] a woman or girl who serves food in a restaurant女服務員
The waitress is bringing the soup. 女服務員正把湯端來。
hostess n. a female host; the wife of the host女主人
The hostess brought us out a pot full of steaming coffee.
女主人給我們拿出一滿壺熱氣騰騰的咖啡。
bridegroom n. a man who is about to be married or has recently been married新郎
heroine n. most important woman in a story, play, etc. 女主角；女主人公
n. very brave woman or girl女英雄
goddess n. female god 女神
Venus was a goddess worshipped by the Romans. 維納斯是羅馬人信奉的女神。
promotion n. the act of promoting or the fact of being promoted促進；促銷
the promotion of learning 學術的促進
n. advancement in rank or responsibility 晉升
Our teacher has got a promotion. 我們的老師被提升了。
attach vt. to fasten, secure, or join系；附；粘[to, on]
The clerk attached a price tag to each article. 店員給每一件商品系上標價簽。
vt to adhere, belong, or relate.附屬 [to]
This hospital is attached to our medical department. 這所醫院附屬于我們醫學系。
vt. to ascribe or assign 認為有（重要性等）
attached no significance to the threat 不重視這種威肋
legend n. an unverified story handed down from earlier times, especially one popularly believed to be historical 傳奇；傳說
There is a legend that… 有一個傳說,說是…。
slogan n. a phrase expressing the aims or nature of an enterprise, an organization, or a candidate; a motto標語；口號
a phrase used repeatedly, as in advertising or promotion 廣告語
catchy adj. attractive or appealing 吸引人的
a catchy idea for a new television series 為一部新電視系列劇出的吸引人的主意
adj. tricky; deceptive 有圈套的；欺騙的：
a catchy question on an exam 考試中設有陷阱的題目
point out tell about or show something 指出
He pointed out the importance of the work. 他指出這一工作的重要性。
discount vt. to sell or offer for sale at a reduced price 打折
n. a reduction from the full or standard amount of a price or debt 折扣
n. attributive. often used to modify another noun（定語名詞）
a discount market; discount merchandise 打折商場；打折商品
make sense have a meaning that you can understand 有意義；講得通
I can't follow these instructions----they don't make sense.
我不理解這些指示--根本講不通嘛。
bonus n. something given or paid in addition to what is usual or expected 額外給予的東西
n. a sum of money or the equivalent given to an employee in addition to the employee's usual compensation 獎金
n. a sum of money in addition to salary that is given to a professional athlete for signing up with a team 津貼
Those who put in many hours of overtime will receive a percentage of their salary as a bonus.
那些付出許多加班時間的人將得到相當于其工資的一部分作為獎金。
context n.[c] the parts directly before or after a word or sentence上下文
We can often tell the meaning of a word from its context.
由上下文，我們可以知道一個字的意思。
Tetsuya Komuro [`testjB: `kRmurEu] 小室哲哉
Unit 6 Going west
Words and expressions
perseverance n. steady persistence in adhering to a course of action, a belief, or a purpose; steadfastness 毅力；堅持
Great works are performed, not by strength, but perseverance.
偉大的作品不是靠力量而是靠毅力來完成的。
quit vt. to give up; abandon 放棄
He has not quit smoking, but is holding down to three cigarettes a day.
他并沒有戒煙,但是已減到每天只抽三支煙了。
vt. to depart from; leave 離開
You and I are on the point of quitting the theater of our exploits.
你我正在離開我們輝煌業績的舞臺。
vt. to cease or discontinue 停止；中斷：
The teacher asked them to quit talking. 老師要求他們不要說話。
apply (…) to … use; put into practice 應用；運用
We should apply theory to practice. 我們應當把理論運用到實踐中去。
add up find the total of 總計；加起來
Add up 6,7 and 8 and you'll get 21. 把六、七、八相加，總數是二十一。
circumstance n. a condition or fact attending an event and having some bearing on it 環境；情況(常用復數形式)
It depends on [upon] circumstances. 這要視情況而定。
lose heart become discouraged 沮喪；灰心
Don't lose heart at any failure, but try again. 失敗時不要灰心，要再接再厲。
assessment n. the act of assessing; appraisal 評估；估價
environmental assessment 環境影響評估
take it easy 放松些；別緊張
When the teacher found some of his students get nervous at the examination, he told them to take it easy. 老師發現一些學生考慮時焦急不安，就叫他們不要緊張。
keep up retain(one's spirits, strength, etc); (one's spirits, strength, etc.)not decline 維持；保持
The mountaineers' spirits kept up against heavy odds.
在非常不利的條件下，登山運動員們仍然情緒高漲。
Robinson Crusoe n. 魯濱遜克魯索
common sense natural good thinking 常識；情理
Although she's not very clever she's got lots of common sense. 她雖然不很聰明，但很有見識。
survival n. the act of surviving; continuance of life 幸存；存活
He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a miracle. 他在無遮檔的小船上呆了八天，又無食物，還活下來了，這真是個奇跡。
biscuit n. a small cake of shortened bread leavened with baking powder or soda餅干；小點心
alcohol n. a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid; intoxicating liquor containing alcohol 酒精；含酒精的飲料
goat n. a sort of hollow-horned, bearded ruminant mammals of mountainous regions山羊
On the ground lay an old sick goat. 地上躺著一只生病的老山羊。
flour n.[u] a powder made from wheat and used to make bread and cakes 面粉（或其他谷物磨成的粉）
Flour is used in making breads and cakes. 面粉用來做面包或糕餅。
axe n. 斧子
nail n. the hard substance at the end of a finger or toe 指甲；趾甲
Our fingernails need cutting now and again. 我們的手指甲有時需要剪一剪。
n. small piece of metal with one pointed end, which you hit into wood to fasten things together 釘子
The nail went right through the wall. 釘子直接穿過墻壁。
razor n. a sharp-edged cutting instrument used especially for shaving the face or removing other body hair 剃刀；刮胡刀
bedding n. bedclothes 寢具；床上用品
beyond prep. on the further or other side of 在較遠的一邊；在另一邊
The post office is beyond the bridge. 郵局在橋的那一頭。
prep. (of time)later than; more advanced than（時間）晚于；超過
Some shops keep open beyond midnight. 有些商店營業到半夜以后。
prep. out of the reach of; outside one's understanding 為…不能及；超出…理解力之外
He was beyond the help of the teacher. 他使老師束手無策。
prep. (negative and interrogative) except 除…之外
I know nothing beyond this. 除這之外，我什么也不知道。
adv. farther away 在遠處
look beyond 向遠處看
the Rocky Mountains 落基山脈
wagon n.[c] cart on four wheels, which a horse or an ox pulls; an open railway freight car 四輪馬車（牛車）；無篷鐵路貨車
The wagon was full of vegetables. 這輛運貨馬車裝滿了蔬菜。
leave behind cause to remain behind; forget to take or bring along; abandon in a retreat 留下；忘帶
She left her bag behind in the train. 她把提包丟在列車上了。
ox n. (pl. oxen) bull used for farm work公牛；耕牛
He is as strong as an ox. 他像牛一樣強壯。
Kansas n. 堪薩斯州(美國洲名)
frontier n.[c] the border, the line between two countries國境；邊境
We must show our passports at the frontier. 在邊境我們必須出示護照。
lose one’s way become lost 迷路；迷失
Lily lost her way in the woods. 莉莉在森林里迷了路。
barren adj. lacking vegetation, especially useful vegetation 不毛的；貧瘠的
The desert is barren land. 沙漠是貧瘠的土地。
salty adj. tasting of salt; containing salt 鹽的；咸的；含鹽的
Sea water is salty. 海水是咸的。
pond n. a body of still water smaller than a lake池塘
There is a flock of waterfowls on the pond. 池塘上有一群水鳥。
patch n. small piece of ground 小塊地
They grow their own vegetables on a small patch of ground. 他們在一小塊土地上自種蔬菜。
n. pieces of cloth that you put over a hole in clothing, sheets, etc. 補釘
I sewed a patch over the hole in my jeans. 我給我工裝褲上的洞打了個補釘。
burden n. something that you carry; a heavy load 負擔；包袱
It is a burden to the people. 這對人民是一種負擔。
n. a duty which is hard to do well 責任
The burden fell on me. 責任落在我身上。
desperate adj. having no hope and ready to do any wild or dangerous thing 絕望的；不顧一切的
The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape. 那些囚犯拼命企圖逃亡。
adj. very serious 極嚴重的；危急的
The country is in a desperate state and we must work hard.
國家處于危急關頭，我們應當努力工作。
beast n. an animal （四足）獸；牲畜
The tiger is a beast of prey. 老虎是食肉獸。
accustomed adj. being in the habit of 習慣[于…]的[to]
I am not accustomed to walking long distances. 我不習慣于長距離的步行。
thirst n.[u] wanting to drink something; a strong desire 渴；渴望
I drank a cup of tea to relieve my thirst. 我喝了一杯茶止渴。
The artist thirsted for fame. 藝術家想出名。
starvation n. suffering or death caused by extreme hunger 挨餓；餓死
The cat died of starvation. 那只貓餓死了。
anxiety n.[c] worry and fear 憂慮；擔心；焦急
We waited with anxiety for our examination results. 我們焦急地等待考試結果。
n.[c] something that makes you worried and afraid 擔心的事；焦慮
He has been relieved of his anxieties. 他已消除了憂慮。
shallow adj. not deep; with not much water 淺的
The river is shallow here; we can walk across. 這里河水很淺，我們可以趟過去。
came to an end stop結束；終止
All good things must come to an end. 一切好事遲早都會結束。（天下沒有不散的宴席。）
legendary adj. based on, or of the nature of a legend 傳奇的；傳說的
tax n. money that the government takes from your pay or from the sale of some goods 稅
There is a large tax on cigarettes. 香煙的稅很重。
anniversary n. the annually recurring date of a past event, especially one of historical, national, or personal importance 周年紀念；周年紀念日
Anchorage n. 安克雷奇（美國港市）
Nome [nEum] n. 諾姆（美國城市）
front-page [.frQnt `peidV] adj. worthy of coverage on the front page of a newspaper 頭版的
front-page news 頭版新聞
granddaughter n.[c] the daughter of your child孫女；外孫女
flu n. influenza 流行性感冒
He caught the flu. 他患了流行性感冒。
throat n. the front part of the neck 喉嚨；咽喉
I have something stuck in my throat. 我有什么東西刺入了我的喉內。
diphtheria n.［醫］白喉［癥］
vaccine n. 痘苗；疫苗
catastrophe n. terrible thing that happens suddenly 大災難；大禍
The forest fire was a catastrophe. 那場森林火災是場大災難。
relief n. the removal or ease of worry, pain ,etc. 解除；減輕
The medicine brought me relief. 這藥減輕了我的痛苦。
n. help given to people in poverty of trouble 救濟
They are in need of relief. 他們需要救濟。
deliver vt. take something to the place where it must go 投遞；送交
Every day the milkman delivers milk to our house. 每天送牛奶的人都把牛奶送到我家。
vt. give forth in words 發言
He delivered a speech at the meeting. 他在會上講了話。
vt. to help in the birth of 接生
she delivered the child. 她接生了這孩子。
Nenana [ni`nB:nB:] n. 美國城市
Arctic adj. of the north polar regions 北極的
n. the regions round the north pole 北極；北極圈；北極地方
the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 the Arctic Regions 北極地區
tough adj. able to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking; strong and resilient 堅韌的 demanding or troubling; difficult 困難的 physically hardy; rugged 強壯的
(tougher; toughest)
wrap vt. to cover completely with 包裹；纏繞
I wrapped the present in red paper. 我把禮物用紅紙包了起來。
n.[c] an article of dress to be folded round a person 披在身上的衣物
Don't forget your wra