點(diǎn)擊詞匯表
1．a(chǎn)pply sth to sth 運(yùn)用，應(yīng)用某事物
The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.
這項(xiàng)研究成果能應(yīng)用于新的技術(shù)開發(fā)方面。
I’d never apply the word “readable” to any of his books.
我決不會(huì)把他的任何一本書稱為是“可以一讀的”。
apply (to sb) (for sth) 申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求
We’ve applied to a charitable organization for a grant for the project.
我們已向一個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)提出申請(qǐng)，要求其為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目提供資助。
apply to sb/sth 與某人／某物有關(guān)；有效；適用
What I have said applies only to some of you.
我所說的僅僅適用于你們中的部分人。
apply oneself/sth to sth/doing sth 集中精力（做事）；專心
You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself to your work/studying.
你只有真正專心致志學(xué)習(xí)，考試才能及格。
2．a(chǎn)dapt (sth/oneself) to sth 適應(yīng)新環(huán)境等
Many software companies have adapted popular programs to the new operating system.
許多軟件公司改編通用程序以適應(yīng)新的操作系統(tǒng)。
The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environment.
兒童的好處在于他們可以很容易地適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。
adapt sth for sb/sth 使某事物適合于新的用途、情況等；修改某事物
The play had been adapted for children.
該劇已被改編適合兒童觀看。
3．a(chǎn)dd (sth) up 加起來
The waiter can’t add up.
這個(gè)服務(wù)員不會(huì)算賬。
Add up all the money I owe you.
把我應(yīng)付你的錢都加在一起。
add up to ... 總計(jì)，總共；相等于；意為
These numbers add up to 100.
這些數(shù)目合計(jì)為100。
These clues don’t really add up to very much.
這些線索沒什么實(shí)際意義。
4．lose heart 泄氣，灰心
Don't lose heart even if you fail in the exam.
考試中即使失敗了也不要失去信心。
5．take it/things easy 放松；不過分努力
I like to take it easy when I’m on holiday.
我在假日里愿意輕松一些。
6．keep sth up 繼續(xù)使某事物保持同樣的（通常指高的）水平；不讓（精力等）衰退，維持，保持；遵守某事物；保養(yǎng)，維修（房屋，花園等）
When I stopped studying, I was still keen to keep up French.
我不讀書了，可還是很想堅(jiān)持學(xué)法語。
They sang songs to keep their morale up.
他們唱著歌以保持高昂的士氣。
Wherever Jews live together, they keep up old customs.
猶太人聚居的地方，古老的風(fēng)俗都在沿襲著。
The house is becoming too expensive for them to keep up.
他們的房子維修費(fèi)用貴得他們?cè)絹碓骄S修不起了。
7．beyond prep. 在或向（某物）的遠(yuǎn)處；遲于或超過（某一時(shí)間）；越過（某事物）范圍；除了
The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.
這條路綿延不斷越過村子直入山中。
She carried on teaching well beyond retirement age.
她早已超過退休年齡仍在教書。
After 25 years the town centre had changed beyond recognition.
25年過去了，市中心已變得認(rèn)不出來。
I didn’t notice anything beyond his rather strange accent.
除了他那頗為古怪的口音以外，我沒注意到別的。
8．burden n. 重負(fù)；（難以承擔(dān)的）職責(zé)、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等
The little donkey struggled under its heavy burden.
小驢在重負(fù)下掙扎。
Buying a house often places a big financial burden on young couples.
對(duì)于年輕夫婦來說，買房通常是一種沉重的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。
burden (v.) sb/oneself (with sth) 加負(fù)擔(dān)于某人（自己）
I don’t want to burden you with my problems.
我不想用我的問題給你增加負(fù)擔(dān)。
9．a(chǎn)ccustomed adj. 慣常的，習(xí)慣的
This is not the kind of treatment I’m accustomed to.
這不是我慣常受到的那種待遇。
10．on all fours 雙手和雙膝著地，趴著
The baby was crawling about on all fours.
嬰兒那時(shí)正在滿地爬。
11．deliver v. 遞送，傳送（信件、包裹、貨物等）；給予，發(fā)表
We’re having pizza delivered to where we live for dinner tonight.
我們讓人把比薩餅送上門，今晚當(dāng)晚飯吃。
The priest delivered a passionate speech against war.
牧師發(fā)表了一篇充滿激情的反戰(zhàn)演說。
12．go for 得到；爭(zhēng)取
She tripped me as I went for the ball.
我接球時(shí)她把我絆倒了。
Are you planning to go for the scholarship to Harvard University?
你打算爭(zhēng)取上哈佛的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金嗎？
詞語辨析
1．quit; stop; pause
這些詞都有“停止”的意思，但意思各有側(cè)重。“quit”除表示停止，更常用于表示離開某處或工作，辭職不干；“stop”是常用詞，表示使人或事物的活動(dòng)、進(jìn)展、操作等停止，中止或暫停，另外還可以表示阻止的意思；“pause”則側(cè)重于中止、暫停或停頓的意思。
I’m going to quit smoking next week.
下星期我準(zhǔn)備戒煙。
Would you quit your job if you got lots of money?
如果得到大筆錢，你會(huì)不會(huì)辭去工作呢？
He stopped the medicine and left the room.
他停下機(jī)器，離開了房間。
You can’t stop our going if we want to.
如果我們想去，你是阻止不了的。
She paused to get her breath back and then carried on jogging.
她停下喘口氣然后繼續(xù)慢跑。
2．believe; believe in
“believe”意思是相信某事物的真實(shí)性或認(rèn)為某人的話屬實(shí)；“believe in”意思是相信某事物或人，以及肯定某事物的價(jià)值或正確性，還可以表示相信某人或事物的存在。
Strangely, no one believed us when we told them we’d been visited by a creature from Mars.
奇怪的是，當(dāng)我們告訴他們一個(gè)火星人來過時(shí)，居然沒人相信。
I’m told he’s been in prison, and I can well believe it.
有人對(duì)我說他進(jìn)過監(jiān)獄，我完全能夠相信這一點(diǎn)。
The robbers are believed to have escaped form Heathrow Airport.
據(jù)說強(qiáng)盜從西斯羅機(jī)場(chǎng)逃脫的。
He believes in getting plenty of exercise.
他相信多做運(yùn)動(dòng)必有好處。
I believe in his good character, no matter what you say.
不管你怎么說，我相信他品德良好。
Do you believe in ghosts?
你相信有鬼嗎？
難句分析
1．The animals dragged their legs, too weak to ... their tongues hung out ... (L12, Para.3)
這句話中的兩個(gè)劃線部分都在文章中充當(dāng)狀語，第一個(gè)是形容詞短語做狀語，并用“too ... to ...（太...... 而不能......）”結(jié)構(gòu)加以修飾；第二個(gè)劃線部分由名詞加過去分詞（表示被動(dòng)）構(gòu)成，稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)還可以由名詞加現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語構(gòu)成。
例：Little Mary was standing in front of the headmaster, too afraid to say a word.
小瑪麗站在校長(zhǎng)面前，因?yàn)樘ε露f不出一句話。
The test finished, we began our holiday.
考試結(jié)束了，我們開始放假。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
會(huì)議結(jié)束后，每個(gè)人都想早點(diǎn)回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵凍壞了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館
2．Lying around them were chains ... (L3, Para. 4)
這是一個(gè)表語提前的完全倒裝句，句子的主語是“chains”，”Lying around them”為表語。
例：Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
他們可以隨心所欲的日子過去了。
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
出席會(huì)議的有懷特教授、史密斯教授以及其他的客人。
3．If untreated, it would produce ... (P. 53)
這句話涉及兩種語言現(xiàn)象，“if untreated”為狀語從句的省略：當(dāng)特定的連詞when, while, if, although, even though等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致時(shí)，并且從句中出現(xiàn)be動(dòng)詞，可以省略狀語從句的主語連同be動(dòng)詞，留下連詞加分詞的形式；而主語的“it would”則使用了虛擬語氣中的非真實(shí)條件句，表示未來事情發(fā)生的幾率不是很高。這句話說完整應(yīng)為“If it were untreated, it would produce ...”。
例：Don’t speak to me unless spoke to.
除非我和你說話，否則不要和我說話。
Look out while crossing the street.
過馬路時(shí)要當(dāng)心。
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
如果我的律師上星期六在這里，他會(huì)阻止我去的。
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
如果你成功了，一切都會(huì)好的。
If they were here, they would give you some advice.
如果他們現(xiàn)在在這里，他們就會(huì)給你一些建議了。
經(jīng)典例析
1. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. （2004上海春季卷)
A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared
C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing
［為你支招］本句中“drive”做定語修飾主語，“seize”是謂語動(dòng)詞，并與后面的“take”并列，所以應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)形式；“disappear”放在句面，使用分詞形式充當(dāng)狀語，該詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。答案為D。
［熱點(diǎn)剖析］該題考查了學(xué)生確定謂語動(dòng)詞的能力，同時(shí)也考查了分詞作定語和狀語的用法。
2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ________ your lecture. （2000上海卷)
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
［為你支招］根據(jù)上句所提供的語境，可以判斷出“他不可能聽了你的講座”，并且這件事發(fā)生在昨天下午，所以選擇答案A，表示對(duì)過去的否定性猜測(cè)。B的意思為“本不必做”，C的形式不存在，D的意思為“本不應(yīng)該做”。
［熱點(diǎn)剖析］該題考查了學(xué)生使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測(cè)的能力。
3. ---- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---- Oh, that’s ________. （2003北京春季卷）
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
［為你支招］本題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為名詞性從句，充當(dāng)表語，語法結(jié)構(gòu)都是正確的；解題關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)上句判斷出意思符合的選項(xiàng)。答案為A.
［熱點(diǎn)剖析］該題考查了學(xué)生在語法正確的情況下，根據(jù)語境選擇答案的能力。
4. I can think of many cases ________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. （2003上海卷）
A. why B. which
C. as D. where
［為你支招］本題主句完整，從句完整，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，可以判斷出此處需要一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞連接主句和定語從句；根據(jù)先行詞“case”，應(yīng)選擇答案D，表示“在這些情況下”，也可使用“in which”。
［熱點(diǎn)剖析］該題考查了學(xué)生根據(jù)語境選擇定語從句連接詞的能力。
5. They ________ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ________ it as no good results have come out so far. （2005江蘇卷）
A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working
［為你支招］本題中前一個(gè)空格發(fā)生的動(dòng)作在“我加入”之前，并且延續(xù)了一段時(shí)間，所以使用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；后一個(gè)空格表示目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案為A.
［熱點(diǎn)剖析］該題考查了學(xué)生正確運(yùn)用謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的能力。
每周一練
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1. I’m not accustomed to ________.
A. treating like this B. being treated like this C. be treated like this D. treat like this
2. The Russian relay team will again be ________ the gold medal at the Olympic Games.
A. going after B. going on with C. going for D. going against
3. I was made to write a composition in English, but I don’t know ________.
A. what to write about B. how to begin with C. how to write about D. what to write
4. The temple is on the top of the mountain, ________ is hard ________.
A. it, to reach B. which; to arrive at C. which; to be got to D. that; to be arrived at
5. You are wet all over. You ________ in the rain.
A. may be caught B. must have caught C. must catch D. must have been caught
6. ________ earlier, I could have done something.
A. Have I been informed B. Had I been informed
C. I have been informed D. If I have been informed
7. They should be asked to give their reasons ________ without our permission.
A. to enter B. entering C. for them to enter D. for entering
8. I ________ a policy that redirects the money used for war and military spending to provide healthcare, education, housing, and jobs
A. stand for B. go in for C. give up D. share with
9. ---- Does Nancy do her new job well?
---- ________ her old job. I think she is hopeless.
A. Not better than B. No better than C. Not so good as D. Not as well as
10. Not only the astronauts but also the dog has returned ________ from the space journey.
A. alive B. lived C. live D. life
11. I have no idea ________ they have kept in touch with each other by writing email.
A. what B. how long C. why D. when
12. I’ll go to Tom’s. Do you have any message _______ to him?
A. to deliver B. to be delivered C. being delivered D. be delivered
13. On the ground ________ who had been starved to death.
A. an old man lay B. lay an old man C. was lying an old man D. .an old man lying
14. Is it the Guangming Theatre ________ you are going to watch Beijing Opera.
A. where B. that C. which D. in that
15. He was lying on his back in the bed, his eyes ________,
A. wide opening B. wide open C. open widely D. wide opened
16. You can’t go out in the evening ________ to.
A. until allowed B. unless agreed C. unless allowed D. until agreed
17. Mother ________ before she goes to bed every night.
A. makes sure to turn off all the lights C. makes sure all the lights will be turned off
C. makes sure that all the lights are off D. makes sure of all the lights be off
18. She’s been ________ cancer for two years.
A. suffered B. suffering of C. suffering from D. suffered from
19. I like ________ when it rains on a summer morning.
A. it B. that C. which D. this
20. The suggestion has been made ________ the basketball game ________ put off.
A. for, to B. that, be C. which, should be D. that, will be
二、根據(jù)漢語完成句子
1. We must ________ （運(yùn)用）our minds to finding a solution.
2. ________（比較）house prices in the two areas, you’ll be amazed how different they are.
3. Jim was asked by his father to remain optimistic and ________（不要灰心）。
4. Jobs are hard to find, but ________ （就他而言）that’s not the problem because he has so much experience.
5. I loving driving along narrow country roads that ________ （排成行）trees.
6. We had to ________ （修改）our plans to fit Jack’s timetable.
7. ________（1988年冬天），Candy gave birth to a daughter, her fifty child.
8. The river is quite busy, with ________（各式各樣的船只來來往往）.
9. All things, both good and bad, must ________ （結(jié)束）.
10. The match ________ （中止）at half-time because of the poor weather conditions.
三、根據(jù)所給短語翻譯下列句子。
1．那個(gè)男人在事故中嚴(yán)重受傷，現(xiàn)在他的生命處于危急中。（at stake）
2．他們要向公眾表明，他們?cè)谧鲆患匾直匾墓ぷ鳌＃╩ake … clear)
3．原料費(fèi)用昂貴使得產(chǎn)品價(jià)格居高不下。（keep … up）
4．他每周都給母親寫信。（fail to）
5．我把門鎖上，以便我們可以繼續(xù)討論而不受打擾。（so that, without）
6．保羅從不為任何事猶豫，他只是盡力去爭(zhēng)取。（go for）
7．我想門已經(jīng)鎖上了，但我最好還是去確認(rèn)一下。（make sure）
8．你要是想趕上那班火車，咱們必須馬上動(dòng)身去火車站。（set off）
9．這種情況下，重新檢查病人的記錄尤其重要。（in this case）
10．司機(jī)在紅綠燈處把車停住。（pull up）
四、根據(jù)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~組填空。
share with, stand for, get accustomed to, come to an end, hang out, lose one’s way, believe in,
be honest with, apply for, leave behind,
1. You don’t have to ________ that sort of behaviour from him-he’s not your boss.
2. At first we ________ in the forest, but after three hours we managed to find the right way out.
3. I ________ the fundamental goodness of human nature.
4. Our house isn’t big enough for the children each to have their own room, so they each have to ________ someone else.
5. It’ll take time for me to ________ the new school.
6. By the time I saw the job advertised it was too late to ________ it.
7. Since liberation, peasants’ suffering days have ________.
8. She was ________ her washing on the line.
9. To ________ you, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.
10. Since she began to work, she’s ________ that kind of student life.
五、單句改錯(cuò)。
1. I saw your name on a list of teacher who wished to spend their holidays in France this summer.
2. One of the students who were sitting in front gave a different answer to the question.
3. The mixture of coffee, milk, and sugar tastes differently from tea.
4. It was a long time since I saw Tom at my uncle’s and I don’t know where he’s been these months.
5. We’ve missed the last bus. We have no choice but walk home.
6. She had a feeling that the sad-looking man was not a person she could trust or talk.
7. No person can really be happy who are not trying to give happiness to others.
8. The first two questions in the test paper were difficult, but the rest was easy.
9. What modern science and technology helps the society progress is a fact accepted by most people.
10. Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
答案：
一、1－5 BCABD 6－10 BDABA 11－15 BBBAB 16－20 CCCAB
二、1. apply 2. Comparing 3. not to lose heart 4. in his case 5. are lined with 6. adapt
7. In the winter of 1988, 8. all kinds of ships coming and going 9. come to an end 10. was abandoned
三、1. The life of the man, who got seriously injured in the accident, is now at stake.
2. They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job.
3. The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.
4. He never fails to write to his mother week after week.
5. I locked the door so that we could continue to discuss without being disturbed.
6. Paul never hesitated about anything, and he just went for what he wanted.
7. I believe the door has been locked, but I’d better go and make sure.
8. If you want to catch the train, we have to set off for the railway station at once.
9. In this case, it’s got extremely important to review the patient’s records.
10. The driver pulled up at the traffic lights.
四、1. stand for; 2. lost our way; 3. believe in; 4. share with; 5. get accustomed to; 6. apply for;
7. come to an end; 8. hanging out; 9. be honest with; 10. left behind
五、1. teacher→teachers; 2. in∧the; 3. differently→different; 4. was→is; 5. but∧to;
6. talk∧to; 7. are→is; 8. was→were; 9. What→That; 10. give→gives
語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)----定語
單項(xiàng)選擇：
1. He has made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. of which I think it is D. I think which is
2. ---- Can you tell me anything about the fire ________ last night?
---- I’m afraid, ________.
A. that broke out, very little B. broke out, just a little
C. happened, only a little D. taking place, a little
3. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging
C. hangs D. being hung
4. With the little ________ money, the child told me in a ________ voice that on the way home, most of his money had been stolen.
A. remained, trembled B. remaining, trembling
C. remaining, trembled D. remained, trembleing
5. We have heard of Thomas Edison, ________ who invented the electric light and many other things.
A. man B. a man
C. the man D. what
6. ---- Will you please ________ the new teacher for us?
---- I’m glad to. He’s a ________ man with good manners.
A. describe, handsome tall young B. introduce, tall young handsome
C. say, handsome young tall D. tell, young handsome tall
7. As many students ________ were present agreed to my plan.
A. who B. that
C. which D. as
8. The problem ________ at present has something important to do with our working conditions.
A. discuss B. to be discussing
C. being discussed D. to discuss
9. People need houses ________ and food ________.
A. to live, to eat B. to live in, to eat
C. living, eating D. to live in, to be eaten
10. You’d better think of ________ possibilities before doing it.
A, such these B. these all
C. all such D. such all
11. If I had ________, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.
A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough
12. They could only read such stories ________ had been rewritten in simple English.
A. that B. which
C. as D. what
13. She studied hard when she was in school, ________ contributes greatly to her career.
A. that B. so
C. so that D. which
14. You can come to see me from one to two o’clock, ________ I will stay at home.
A. during the time B. during that time
C. during which time D. during which
15. This accident took place on a ________ morning in September.
A. Sunder cold rainy B. rainy Sunday cold
C. rainy cold Sunday D. cold rainy Sunday,
16. Shanghai has a ________ population of over ten million.
A. complete B. whole
C. total D. all
17. ---- I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything ________ there?
---- No, but thank you all the same.
A. taken B. to take
C. taking D. to be taken
18. We held the meeting in a meeting room, ________ 2000 people.
A. holding B. held
C. to hold D. which was held
19. When lost in work, ________ he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.
A. which B. so
C. just like D. as
20. Is it the country ________ you studied ________ you are going to visit next week?
A. in which, which B. where, that
C. that, that D. which, that
答案：1－5 AABCC 6－10 ADCBC 11－15ACDCD 16－20CDADB
高考試題鏈接
1. The place ________ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （2005江蘇卷）
A. which, where B. at which, which
C. at which, where D. which, in which
2. ________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. （2005江蘇卷）
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
3. All the rooms are ________ with electric lights. （1995上海卷）
A. supplied B. given
C. offered D. burnt
4. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. （2002全國(guó)卷）
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
5. With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. （2002上海春季卷）
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
6. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ________ with each other. （2003全國(guó)卷）
A. they had quarrelled B. they have quarrelled
C. have they quarrelled D. had they quarrelled
7. Mr. Smith, ________ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel. （2003北京春季卷）
A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored
C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring
8. I was really anxious about you. You ________ home without a word. （2001全國(guó)卷）
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
9. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ________ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. （2000北京春季卷）
A. that B. while
C. which D. when
10. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. （2003上海卷）
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having inviting
答案： 1－5 CBADC 6－10 CABDA