Language points:
⒈ The idea that England stands for Fish&Chips, Speaker’s corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.
⑴that引導的是一個同位語從句，用于說明idea的內容 。同位語從句常用于說明idea, news, hope, wish, belief, fact, suggestion等抽象名詞的具體內容，用以說明或解釋前面的名詞。連詞that 沒有詞義，不充當句子成份，但不可省略 。
E.g. The news that team has won the game is exciting.
引導同位語從句的詞除that外，還有連接副詞how, when，where等
e.g. I have no idea when jack will be back.
He can’t answer the question how he got the money.
⑵ stand for a.代表，象征，意味著E.g. WTO stands for World Health Organization.
b.贊同，支持，主張 e.g. What principles do you stand for?
⒉ narrow 狹窄的，狹隘的，險勝的
A narrow river/steet a narrow idea about relics a narrow escape(九死一生)
⒊⑴ be made up of =consist of 由…組成
E.g. The group is made up of five members. = The group consists of five members.
⑵ be unknown to sb.不為人所知道E.g. The cause of the delay is still unknown to us.
⒋ …there has been a growing movement to make the most of its cultural diversity-to see it as it really is, a nation of different countries held together by a common language and culture.
⑴make the most of充分利用，也可以說make the best of
E.g. He wished to make the most of his chance.
⑵ diversity 多種多樣，多樣性
E.g. Mary has a great diversity of hobbies such as stamp collecting, travelling.
⑶as it is 以現在的樣子，根據下面的情況看
E.g. I’ll send it to you as it is, (我就照現在的樣子賣給你) but don’t complain, if it doesn’t work.
⑷ hold together 使不分開或團結一致
E.g. The needs of the children held their marriage together.
⒌⑴separate A from B 把A與B分隔開，指把混在一起的或連在一快的分開
E.g. She separated the good apples from the bad ones.
Divide …into 指把整體分成部分E.g. A year is divided into twelve months.
⑵at one point在某一地點；一度E.g. A traffic accident happened at one point yesterday.
At one point, he was very weak.
⒍⑴ in general總的說來，大體上，通常
E.g. In general, people like her.
⑵ throughout the year 整年，一年到頭throughout 貫穿，介詞
E.g. He worked hard throughout the year to support his family.
⑶ receive 動詞，收到，接到
⒎英語中在表示數量的詞語前習慣上加as much as ,as many as等來加強語氣。as much as用與表示 “雨（水）量”，時間 ，金錢，重量，錢數，價格等方面。表示 “總量”和“單位量”的大小，as many as用于人或物的具體數量前，as much as從總的角度出發，側重于“總量”，as many as從個體出發，側重于具體數目。
E.g. The rain is plentiful, often as much as seventy inches every year.
At the job, she could earn as many as eighty dollars every week.
The civil war in that country lasted as much as eighty 16 years.
We must learn as many as 300 English words.
The kind of English built as many as 50 pyramids.
As far as 遠到；盡…程度
E.g. They walked as far as the seaside.
Don’t worry. I’ll help you as far as I can.
As long as 長達；只要
She spends as long as three hours on English study every day.
⒏Influence 指不易察覺到的，潛移默化的影響
E.g. Probably we influenced each other.
Affect表示使“變化，對…產生不良影響”，著重“影響”動作。
Influence 影響力，支配力
E.g. Parents have a great influence on Children.
⒐ ……Their languages formed the basis for English.
⑴ Form the basis for 構成/形成…的基礎
E.g. This idea formed the basis for Theory of Relativity.
⑵ 為…⑶打下基礎，lay foundations for
E.g. Four –year college life laid solid basis for his further improvement.
⑶provide a basis for 為…⑶提供依據
E.g. The result provided a sound basis for further research.
⒑ The result of this French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age.
End up with以…結束，通常是 最后接受某東西，其意思為receive sth.in the end
E.g. We ended the supper up with fruit and coffee.
⒒ …but it was not only 250 years later that they formed a single state.
是一個強調句，有原句They didn’t formed a single state until 250 years later變化而來，此類句子需強調狀語until時候，應將否定句not… 與狀語until…一起作為強調部分，構成it was not until… that …的巨型
eg. It was not until 1969 that man set his first step on the moon.
原句：Man didn’t set his first step on the moon until 1969.
⒓…While the southern part of England was only part of the UK for some time…
⒔ There are six spoken languages that’re considered to be native to the British Isles as well as two local accents.
⑴ be considered to be 是（consider sth/sb.to be+形容詞或名詞）的被動式，
E.g. We considered this (to be) very important.
⑵ be native to本土的，本國的，土生的
E.g. Panda is native to China.
⒂ They realise that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.
Be of great value=be very valuable非常有價值的，可用于此巨型的詞有：use ,help,importance,help etc.
E.g. We consider their works of be of great value.
The invention is of great value. =The invention is very useful.