重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)與句型:
1.in ruins 成為廢墟
2.bring…back to life 使蘇醒，使生動(dòng)
3.pull down 拆毀，推翻
4.set up 設(shè)立, 創(chuàng)立
5.stand for 代表, 象征，支持
6.because of 由于，因?yàn)?/p>
7.speed skating 速滑
8.track and field 田徑
9.would rather 寧愿，寧可
10.take part in 參加
11.in preparation for 為…做準(zhǔn)備
12.stay in touch with 與…保持聯(lián)系
13.call for 要求，需要
14.according to 按照
15.take over 接收，接管
16.succeed (in) doing sth. 成功地干成某事
17.break down 毀掉，壞掉，中止
18.send…into space 把…送入太空
19.give in 屈服
20.be under attack 遭到進(jìn)攻
21.every +數(shù)詞+名詞 每…
22.in modern times 在現(xiàn)代
23.compete in… 參加…比賽
24.come up with… 找到，提出
25.stone by stone 一塊石頭、一塊石頭地
26.be marked with 上面標(biāo)有…
27.more than 不僅僅是
28.change one’s behavior 改變某人的行為方式
29.do one’s best (to do sth.) 盡力做某事
do all/everything sb. can (to do sth.) 做某人所能做的一切（來做某事）
do what sb. can to help sb. 盡某人所能去幫某人
30.on the go 忙個(gè)不停，跑來跑去
31.add 的用法
32.an electronic calendar 電子日歷
33.during one’s lifetime 在某人的一生中
34.cultural relics 文化遺產(chǎn)
35.the same as 同…一樣
36.win a gold medal 獲得金牌
37.be based on 以…為基礎(chǔ)
38.dare的用法
39.important events in history 歷史上的重大事件
40.a sports star profile 體育明星特寫
41.light the torch 點(diǎn)燃火炬
42.dream about a better future 夢(mèng)想一個(gè)更好的未來
43.提出意見和建議：
Why not…?
Why don’t you…?
What/How about…?
Shall we…?
Maybe we could…
I’d like to…
Can’t we…？
44.同意和不同意：
Absolutely.
That’s exactly what I was thinking.
That’s a good point.
That’s just how I see it.
That’s worth thinking about.
I disagree./Well, yes, but…
You can’t be serious.
Well ,I’m not so sure about that.
單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納：
1.
in case （adv. ＆ conj. ） 以防，萬一
in case of sth. 假如，以防發(fā)生某事
in this/ that case 在這種／那種情況下
in no case 決不
in any case 無論如何，總之
in the case of 就…而言，至于，在…情況下
eg.
⑴In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，請(qǐng)拉響火警鈴。
⑵Please take an umbrella, in case it rains.請(qǐng)帶上雨傘以防下雨。
⑶Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.乘坐出租車吧，以防開會(huì)遲到。
⑷I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some in case.
我覺得用不著錢，但還是帶上一些以防萬一。
⑸In no case should you give up learning English. 你決不要放棄學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
⑹In any case , I’ll go and have a look for myself. 無論如何我要親自去看一看。
⑺In that case, the whole house would be on fire.如果那樣的話，整個(gè)房子就會(huì)著火。
⑻In the case of money itself, it’s no good or bad. 就錢本身而言，沒有好與壞之分
注：case 可表達(dá)多種意思：
⑴That isn’t the case with Peter.彼得的情況并不如此（情況，情形）。
⑵The case will be tried in the court next week.下周要審這個(gè)案子（案情，案例）。
⑶The worst cases have been sent to hospital.情況最嚴(yán)重的患者已被送往醫(yī)院（患者，病人）。
高考題例:
①
----I’m afraid Mr. Wood can’t see you until 4 o’clock.
----Oh, _____ I won’t wait.(2005全國(guó)高考浙江卷)
A. no doubt B. after all C. in that case D. in this way
分析：從語(yǔ)境中可理解題意為“要是那樣的話，我就不等了”。
答案：C
②I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ______ I have to wait.(2005全國(guó)高考卷二)
A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if
分析:由句意可知“當(dāng)我去醫(yī)務(wù)室時(shí)總要帶上點(diǎn)東西,以防等待” .in case “以防”, so that “為了”。
答案:A
2.
use …as …把某物當(dāng)作…使用
be used to do 被用于…
used to do 過去常常
be/ get used to sth./ doing sth. 習(xí)慣于…
eg.
⑴Wood can be used to make desks and chairs. 木頭可以被用來制作桌椅。
⑵In ancient times, people used stones as tools for farming.
古代，人民常用石頭作為捕食動(dòng)物的工具。
⑶He used to play a funny role in TV plays.他過去常在電視劇中扮演滑稽的角色。
⑷He has got used to spending his holidays in the countryside.他已習(xí)慣于在鄉(xiāng)下渡假了。
⑸We used to work in the same workshop. 我們過去在同一個(gè)車間工作。
be used to doing sth. 可用quite來修飾。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)由不同習(xí)慣到習(xí)慣這一過程的動(dòng)作，常用get或become代替。如：
⑴He has become used to staying up late. 他已習(xí)慣于熬夜了。
⑵The food in England is strange at first but you’ll soon get used to it.
英國(guó)食物乍一吃很不習(xí)慣，但不久就能適應(yīng)了。
⑶After three months she had got used to the extreme heat.
三個(gè)月以后她就適應(yīng)酷熱的環(huán)境了。
3.remind vt. 提醒，使想起
常用于下列句型：
remind sb. of sth.
remind （sb.）that…
remind sb. to do sth.
eg.
⑴He reminds me of his brother. 他使我想起了他的哥哥。
⑵I reminded him to answer that letter.我提醒他要回信。
⑶I reminded him that he must go home before dark.我提醒他必須要在天黑前回家。
⑷Remind me to take my medicine tomorrow.提醒我明天帶著藥。
⑸The song reminds me of France.這首歌使我想起了法國(guó)。
⑹Travellers are reminded that malaria tablets are advisable.
旅客須知要服用預(yù)防瘧疾藥。
﹡reminder n. 使某人回想起某事或某人的事物；提示
⑴The statue is a lasting reminder of Churchill’s greatness.
這尊塑像使人永遠(yuǎn)緬懷丘吉爾的偉大功績(jī)。
⑵The waiters were cleaning the tables , which served as a reminder that it was time to leave.服務(wù)員在收拾桌子，提醒顧客該走了。
高考題例:
In our childhood, we were often _______ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.（2005全國(guó)高考江蘇卷）
A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped
分析:從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)看,均為過去分詞形式。那么,只需對(duì)句意理解和對(duì)4個(gè)過去分詞的動(dòng)詞原形詞義辨析便可選對(duì)。從題干所提供的語(yǔ)境看,可以排除C項(xiàng),再?gòu)膭?dòng)詞搭配來考慮,A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都只能用不定式來直接作賓語(yǔ),只有remind可接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
答案: B
4.
add …to … 在…中加上
add to… 增加，加強(qiáng)
add up 加起來
add up to… 總共，總共有
eg.
⑴If you add five to five, you get ten. 五加五得十。
⑵Don’t add fuel to the flame. 不要火上加油。
⑶I added sugar to tea. 我往茶里加了糖。
⑷Every time I added up these figures I got a different answer.
每次加起這些數(shù)字，我得到的答案都不一樣。
⑸Your carelessness added to our difficulty. 你的粗心增加了我們的困難。
⑹His whole schooling added up to no more than one year.他受到的全部學(xué)校教育加起來不超過一年。
⑺Travel adds to our understanding of the world.旅游增加了我們對(duì)世界的了解。
5.late adj. ＆ adv. 遲的，晚的
later 是late的比較級(jí)， adv. 后來（常用于詞組later on）
latest 是late的最高級(jí)，“最新的，最近的”（可用于詞組at the latest“最遲”）
lately 最近（=recently）
latter 后者
eg.
⑴She is always dressed in the latest fashion. 她總是穿最新款的時(shí)裝。
⑵ We have been doing lots of gardening lately. 近來我們做了很多園藝工作。
⑶ His latest novel is a great success. 他最近出版的小說十分成功。
⑷At first things went well, but later on we ran into trouble.
起初事情進(jìn)展的很順利，但后來我們遇到了困難。
⑸One can travel by ship or plane. Most people choose the latter.
乘船或乘飛機(jī)去均可，人們多取后者。
⑹Passengers should check in one hour before their flight time at the latest.
乘客至遲應(yīng)在班機(jī)起飛前一小時(shí)辦理登機(jī)手續(xù)。
⑺I sat up late last night. 昨夜我一直呆到很晚。
6.under attack 遭受攻擊
under 表示“在…（狀態(tài)）中，在…（情況）下”
eg.
⑴The city was under attack for 100 days. 這座城市被圍困了一百天。
⑵The patrol came under attack from all sides.巡邏隊(duì)遭到來自四面八方的攻擊。
⑶The road is under repair and is closed to motor traffic.這條公路正在維修，禁止機(jī)動(dòng)車輛通行。
⑷The problem is under discussion. 這個(gè)問題正在討論中。
⑸The building is under construction.大樓正在建設(shè)中。
⑹The subject is under study.這個(gè)課題正在研究著。
7.
give in （vi.） 投降，屈服，讓步
give in to… （vt.） 向…讓步，遷就
give up ( sth./ doing sth.) （vt.＆ vi.） 放棄，不再做（某事）
give off： send out or emit sth. 送出或發(fā)出某物
give sth./ sb. away 贈(zèng)送，有意或無意泄露某事物或出賣某人
give out 用完，消耗盡
eg.
⑴She gave away state secrets to the enemy.她將國(guó)家機(jī)密泄露給敵人了。
⑵He gave away most of his money to charity.他把大部分錢捐給了慈善事業(yè)。
⑶After a month their food supplies gave out.過了一個(gè)月，他們的食物已消耗殆盡。
⑷The teacher gave out the examination papers.老師分發(fā)了考試卷。
⑸One of the plane’s engines gave out in mid-Atlantic.
飛機(jī)在大西洋中部飛行時(shí)，其中一個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出了故障。
⑹The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnapper’s demands.
當(dāng)局對(duì)綁架者的要求絲毫沒有讓步的跡象。
⑺The rebels were forced to give in.叛亂者被迫投降。
⑻The cooker is giving off a funny smell.鍋里冒出股怪味。
⑼The fire doesn’t seem to be giving off much heat.這爐火好像不太熱。
⑽Believe in yourself and never give in.相信你自己，別屈服。
⑾The soldier didn’t give in to the enemy.這個(gè)士兵沒有向敵人屈服。
高考題例:
①Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ______ the shocking ending.（2002北京高考）
A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off
分析:give away此處為“泄露(秘密等)”,give out/off發(fā)出,give up放棄。
答案:A
②What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world had _____?（2005全國(guó)高考山東卷）
A. given out B. put out C. held out D. used up
分析:give out指“分發(fā),放出,用光”, put out指“生產(chǎn),出版,撲滅,提供”, hold out“舉起,阻擋,使停頓”, use up“耗盡,耗費(fèi)”。根據(jù)句意這里表示“耗盡,用光”,容易僅根據(jù)句意而誤選D.但如果用 use up,需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài); give out表示“耗盡,用光”時(shí)是不及物的,不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).
答案:A
8.include：vt. “包括，列在里面”
including： “包括”用在名詞之前，表主動(dòng)意義
included： “被包括”用在名詞或代詞之后，表被動(dòng)意義
比較：contain著重指作為組成部分而被包含在內(nèi)，可指具體的或抽象的事物。
include 用法較廣，它的賓語(yǔ)是所包含的部分內(nèi)容，指整體中的一部分，通常用來附加或補(bǔ)充說明
eg.
⑴The tour includes a visit to the Science Museum. 這次參觀包括去科學(xué)館。
⑵All of us, including me/ me included, have read this book.所有的人，包括我在內(nèi)，都看過這本書。
⑶Your duties will include putting the children to bed.哄小孩入睡也將是你工作的一部分。
⑷The band played many songs, including some of my favourites.
（= The band played many songs, some of my favourites included.）
這支樂隊(duì)演奏了許多歌曲，其中有我最喜歡的。
⑸The box contains only a few warm-weather clothes. 這個(gè)箱子里只有幾件熱天穿的衣服。
⑸We all went , myself included.（=We all went, including me.） 我們都去了，其中包括我。
⑹I think you’ll find the plan includes most of your suggestion.
我想你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)計(jì)劃包括了你的大部分建議。
9.
in pieces 成碎片，破碎，落空
in ruins 成為廢墟，落空
in 表示某人（某事物）的狀態(tài)或狀況，常用于以下詞組中：
in order 整齊
in a mess 凌亂
in good repair 保養(yǎng)良好
in a hurry 匆忙地
in poverty 在貧困中
in poor healthy 健康欠佳
in anger（=angrily ） 憤怒地
eg.
⑴I found the glass lying in pieces on the ground.他發(fā)現(xiàn)玻璃杯成了碎片散落在地上。
⑵An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. 地震使整個(gè)城市淪為廢墟。
⑶His career is in ruins. 他已前途盡毀。
⑷He is in poor health.他的健康欠佳。
⑸He left in a hurry. 他匆匆地離開了。
in 可表示“穿（戴）”（：wearing）
eg.
He is dressed in white.他身著白色服裝。
in 表示手段、材料等
eg.
⑴The article was written in ink.這篇文章是用鋼筆寫的。
⑵Please speak in a loud voice.請(qǐng)大聲說出來。
in 表示比率
eg.
One in ten said they preferred their old brand of margarine.
有十分之一的人說比較喜歡老牌子的人造黃油。
in 表示“在某方面，至于”
eg.
⑴It is a country rich in minerals.它是一個(gè)礦藏豐富的國(guó)家。
⑵He is behind others in reading, but a long way ahead in arithmetic.
他在閱讀方面比別人落后，但在算術(shù)方面遙遙領(lǐng)先。
⑶It is three feet in length.它的長(zhǎng)度是三英尺。
10.據(jù)說
It is said that…
…is said to …
eg.
⑴ It is said that you know his address.據(jù)說你知道他的地址。
=You are said to know his address.
⑵It is said that he is the best player in his class.據(jù)說他是班里最好的隊(duì)員。
=He is said to be the best player in his class.
⑶It is said that the old temple is of great importance.據(jù)說那座古廟很重要。
=The old temple is said to be of great importance.
﹡be said 還可和to have done連用，表示已發(fā)生的情況
eg.
⑴He is said to have failed again.據(jù)說他又失敗了。
⑵They are said to have won the game.據(jù)說他們贏了這場(chǎng)比賽。
⑶He is said to have written a novel about Long March.據(jù)說他寫了一本關(guān)于長(zhǎng)征的小說。
高考題例：
----Is Bob still performing?
----I’m afraid not. He is said ________ the stage already as he has become an official. （2005全國(guó)高考江蘇卷）
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
分析：前者問＂Bob還在表演嗎＂，后者回答＂恐怕不演了，據(jù)說因?yàn)樗?dāng)官已經(jīng)離開舞臺(tái)了＂。從設(shè)空后的 already 一詞可以明顯看出Bob離開舞臺(tái)是過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，所以此處必須選用不定式的完成式，因而 A項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。
答案：A
11.pull down 拆除，推掉；使降低，使體質(zhì)虛弱；拉下（事物）
eg.
⑴The old government was pulled down.舊政府已被推翻了。
⑵The cinema he used to visit has been pulled down.他過去常去的那家電影院已被拆除了。
⑶It’s easier to pull down than build up.拆比建容易。
⑷It was the written paper that pulled him down.是筆試使他落后了。
⑸Since his illness , he is very much pulled down.病后他身體遠(yuǎn)不如從前了。
⑹Would you please pull down the blinds? 請(qǐng)你把窗簾拉下好嗎？
其他常用pull 短語(yǔ)：
pull ahead (of sb./ sth.) 領(lǐng)先（于某人/某事物）
pull in/into （指火車）進(jìn)站
pull sb. round/ though （幫助某人）恢復(fù)知覺或健康
pull (sth.) over （使車船等）閃到一邊
pull oneself together 控制自己，控制感情等
⑴The car pulled ahead as soon as the road was clear.
路上稍一有空，那輛汽車就搶到前面去了。
⑵The team has pulled well ahead of the rest in the championship.
這個(gè)車隊(duì)在錦標(biāo)賽中遙遙領(lǐng)先于其他隊(duì)。
⑶The train pulled in right on time. 這列火車正點(diǎn)到站。
⑷Passengers stood and stretched as the train pulled into the station.
火車進(jìn)站時(shí)旅客們站起來伸了伸懶腰。
⑸She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would pull through.
她病得很厲害，看起來不大可能康復(fù)了。
⑹A sip of bandy helped to pull him round.給他喝一口白蘭地有助于使他蘇醒。
⑺Pull （your car） over and let me pass. 把你的車閃開，讓我過去。
⑻You must try to pull yourself together. Your family depend on you.
你應(yīng)該振作起來，你的家庭都指著你呢。
12.by prep.
表示到事物的程度
⑴The bullet missed him by two inches.那子彈差兩英寸就打中他了。
⑵The carpet is too short by three feet.那地毯短了三英尺。
⑶The population has increased by one million.人口已增加了一百萬。
*按照（某事物），根據(jù)
⑴By my watch it is two o’clock.我的手表現(xiàn)在是兩點(diǎn)鐘。
⑵Judging by appearances can be misleading.憑外表判斷是會(huì)誤事的。
*以連續(xù)的單位、批量或程度計(jì)
⑴The children came in two by two.孩子們兩個(gè)兩個(gè)地進(jìn)來了。
⑵Little by little the snow disappeared.雪漸漸地融化了。
⑶They determined to move the temple stone by stone.他們決定一塊石頭一塊石頭地搬運(yùn)這座廟。
⑷He is growing up day by day .他一天天地長(zhǎng)大了。
⑸Step by step one goes far.千里之行始于足下。
*以某事物為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或單位
⑴He was paid by the month.他是按月領(lǐng)取薪水。
⑵We sell ice-creams by the thousand in the summer.我們?cè)谙奶斐鍪鄣谋ち钄?shù)以千計(jì)。
*表示運(yùn)輸方式
They went there by air/ship/car. 他們乘坐飛機(jī)/輪船/小汽車去的那里。
*表示被觸及、被抓住身體的部位或衣物某處
take sb. by the hand 抓住某人的手
seize sb. by the collar/hair 抓住某人的衣領(lǐng)、頭發(fā)
13.
in modern times 在現(xiàn)代
in ancient times 在古代
times 常可以用來表示“時(shí)代，時(shí)期，境況，日子等”
⑴Times have changed and we should not fall behind them.時(shí)代變了，我們不應(yīng)落后于時(shí)代。
⑵In ancient times, people lived on wild fruits and beasts.
在古代，人們靠采摘野果、捕食野獸為生。
⑶Times are hard. I have my family to keep.日子過的很艱難，我得養(yǎng)家糊口。
Time 短語(yǔ)：
for the first time 第一次
in time 及時(shí)
on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)
all the time 一直
at the same time 同時(shí)
at times 有時(shí)候
ahead of time 提前
in no time 立刻，馬上
behind the times 落后于時(shí)代
from time to time 間或，偶爾
kill time 消磨時(shí)光
take one’s time 沉住氣，慢慢來
in time of 在…時(shí)候
have a good/ wonderful time 玩的高興
time and time again 再三，一遍又一遍
at a time 一次
14.
compete in … 參加…比賽
compete with/ against sb. （for sth.） 與…競(jìng)賽（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）
eg.
⑴A total of twenty athletes competes in the shot put.一共有二十名運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加了鉛球比賽。
⑵Twenty girls competed in the race. 二十位姑娘參加了賽跑。
⑶Several companies are competing against/with each other for the contract.
幾家公司正為爭(zhēng)取一項(xiàng)合同而相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
⑷This is the horse that has competed in the Grand National four times.
這就是參加過四次‘英國(guó)大賽馬’的馬。
*competition n. 比賽，競(jìng)賽
⑴He came first in the poetry competition. 他獲詩(shī)歌比賽第一名。
⑵We are in competition with several other companies for the contact.
我們與另幾家公司角逐爭(zhēng)取這項(xiàng)合同。
⑶She took the second place in the beauty competition. 她在選美比賽中獲得了第二名。
*competitor n. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，比賽者
competitive adj. 比賽的，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，不亞于或超過他人的
⑴The firm has better products than its competitors. 這公司的產(chǎn)品比其對(duì)手的好。
⑵Our firm is no longer competitive in world markets. 我們公司在世界市場(chǎng)上已不占優(yōu)勢(shì)。
15.tie v. 綁，系；打成平局
*tie …to… 把…和…系在一起
tie （with sb.） 與（另一參加者）得分相同
tie sb. up 捆綁某人；纏住某人使之無暇顧及他事
tie sth. up 捆或扎某物，難以動(dòng)用（資金）
⑴The prisoners’ hands were tied back.犯人的手被綁在身后。
⑵He tied his dog to a big tree.他把狗栓在一棵大樹上。
⑶The two teams tied （with each other）.這兩個(gè)隊(duì)不分勝負(fù)。
⑷I tied up the parcel.我捆好了包裹。
⑸Most of the money’s tied up in property.他大部分資金都投在房地產(chǎn)上無法動(dòng)用。
⑹The thieves left the night-watchman tied up and gagged.
竊賊把夜班守衛(wèi)員捆住，把他的嘴也堵住了。
⑺I’m tied up in a meeting until 3pm.我開會(huì)直到三點(diǎn)鐘方可離開。
*tie n. 領(lǐng)帶，連接物，束縛，平局
⑴Each team scored twice and the game ended in a tie.
每個(gè)隊(duì)都有兩次得分，比賽不分勝負(fù)。
⑵The firm has ties with an American corporation.
該公司與美國(guó)一家公司有關(guān)系。
⑶He was wearing a white shirt and a red tie.
他身穿白色襯衫，戴著一條紅色領(lǐng)帶。
⑷Pets can be a tie when you want to go away on holiday.
要想外出渡假時(shí)，寵物會(huì)成為牽累。
16.
join 指參加某個(gè)組織或團(tuán)體，成為其中一員
join （sb.）in sth./ doing sth. 指參加活動(dòng)或比賽，多用于日常口語(yǔ)。
attend 正式用語(yǔ)，及物動(dòng)詞，指參加會(huì)議或儀式（如婚禮、葬禮、典禮等；上學(xué)、上課、聽報(bào)告等）
take park in 指參加會(huì)議或群眾性活動(dòng)等，強(qiáng)調(diào)參加這一活動(dòng)的人在此項(xiàng)活動(dòng)中所起的作用
go in for 指參加某項(xiàng)比賽、活動(dòng)、考試等；還有“愛好”的意思。
enter for 指報(bào)名參加某項(xiàng)比賽
⑴Will you join me in a walk? 你和我一起去散步好嗎？
⑵The teacher joined them in the experiment.老師和他們一起做實(shí)驗(yàn)。
⑶Almost all the class teams joined in the basketball match.
我校幾乎所有的班隊(duì)都參加了這次籃球賽。
⑷How many people entered for the competition? 有多少人報(bào)名參加比賽？
⑸Jack has gone in for the high-jump, but I don’t think he has a chance to win.
杰克去參加跳高比賽了，但我覺得他獲勝機(jī)會(huì)很小。
⑹He goes in for gymnastics.他喜歡體操。
⑺We will take part in social activities during the summer vacation.
我們暑假期間將參加社會(huì)活動(dòng)。
⑻He’ll attend an important meeting tomorrow.
他明天要參加一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。
⑼They didn’t attend the wedding.他們沒參加婚禮。
⑽He attended school at the age of six. 他六歲上學(xué)。
⑾My wish is to join the army after graduation. 我的愿望是畢業(yè)后參軍。
⑿ Her husband joined her in her search for this unknown radiation.
她丈夫和她一起尋找這種不知名的射線。
17.Why not? Why don’t you? 為什么不…？
這兩種句式都是向?qū)Ψ教岢鲋腋婊蚪ㄗh，前者是后者的省略形式，所以后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)不帶to如：
⑴It looks like rain. Why not take a raincoat? 快要下雨了，你為什么不帶件雨衣呢？
⑵Since you have to stay at home, why don’t you do some reading?
既然你必須呆在家里，為什么不讀點(diǎn)書呢？
另外，Why not? 也可以單獨(dú)使用，表示“為什么不行？”“好啊”“請(qǐng)別客氣”
eg.
⑴
---You shouldn’t go out with me.
---Why not?
“你不該跟我出去。” “為什么不行？”
⑵---Let’s go to the cinema.
---Why not?
“我們?nèi)タ措娪鞍伞！?“好啊。（為什么不呢?）”
注：Why+不帶to的不定式用來表示某動(dòng)作沒有必要或意義。如：
Why argue with him? He’ll never change his mind.
為什么要跟他爭(zhēng)論？他永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)改變看法的。
高考題例:
①
----Let’s go to a movie after work, OK?
----_______.（2005全國(guó)高考山東卷）
A. Not at all B. Why not? C. Never mind. D. What of it?
分析: Not at all用來回答Thank you; Never mind.用來回答道歉; What of it?=So what?表示“那又有什么重要的?”; Why not?“為什么不呢”表示非常同意對(duì)方.根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B,表示同意對(duì)方的建議.在選擇交際用語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意說話的情景及說話者的真正含義.
答案:B
②
----How about putting some pictures into the report?
------________. A picture is worth a thousand words.（2005全國(guó)高考江蘇卷）
A. No way. B. Why not? C. All right？ D. No matter.
分析：前者問對(duì)方在報(bào)告中插入一些圖畫如何，后者回答一副畫能抵得上一千個(gè)單詞，說明后者非常贊同前者的提議．No way 表示拒絕對(duì)方要求的應(yīng)答，No matter表示“沒關(guān)系，不要緊，沒什么大不了的”，All right表示“行嗎？合適嗎”，顯示說話者的語(yǔ)氣不確定．所以只有B選項(xiàng)Why not?含有鼓勵(lì)和贊同的意思，符合句意．
答案：B
18.prepare vt. ﹠ vi. 準(zhǔn)備
*prepare sth. 準(zhǔn)備某物
prepare for sth. 為某事做準(zhǔn)備
prepare to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備做某事
prepare sb. for sth./ to do sth. 使某人準(zhǔn)備好做某事
be (well) prepared for sth./ to do sth. 為做某事做好了準(zhǔn)備
⑴They are preparing a book fair.他們正在籌備書展。
⑵Mother is preparing dinner in the kitchen.媽媽正在廚房里準(zhǔn)備晚飯。
⑶We are preparing for the coming English exam.我們正在為即將到來的英語(yǔ)考試做準(zhǔn)備。
⑷If the bus doesn’t come, we must be prepared to walk. 如果公共汽車不來，我們必須準(zhǔn)備步行。
*preparation n.
in preparation for（介詞短語(yǔ)） 為…做準(zhǔn)備
make preparations for 為…做準(zhǔn)備
⑴She bought a new coat in preparation for winter.她買了一件新外衣準(zhǔn)備過冬。
⑵We have made preparations for the coming exam.我們已為即將到來的考試作了準(zhǔn)備。
⑶The meal is in preparation. 飯菜正在準(zhǔn)備中。
⑷He packed his bags in preparation for the journey. 他打好提包，為旅行做準(zhǔn)備。
高考題例：
----What’s that terrible noise?
----The neighbors _______ for a party. (2004全國(guó)高考北京卷)
A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare
分析：根據(jù)“What’s that terrible noise？”（那亂哄哄的聲音是怎么回事），可知“鄰居們正在為開一個(gè)派隊(duì)而做準(zhǔn)備”
答案：B
19.every adj. 與數(shù)詞連用，表示“每…，每隔…”，表示時(shí)間或空間的間隔。
*every+基數(shù)詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)
every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞
every few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 （每隔幾…）
every other+單數(shù)名詞 （每隔一…）
如：
每?jī)赡?每隔一年：
every two years
every second year
every other year
每三年/每隔兩年：
every three years
every third year
每隔一天/行：every other day/line
每隔幾米： every few metres (every few 這個(gè)搭配中不能加上a)
*以上用法中不能把every換成each
高考題例:
These planes are watered_______.（北京2001春）
A. each other day B. every other day
C. each of two days D. every of two days
分析:每隔一天可以說:every second/other day 或every two days
答案: B
20.room n. “空間，空地”，不可數(shù)名詞； “房間” ，可數(shù)名詞
*leave room for 為…留出地方
make room for 為…騰出地方
⑴There is room beside me. Come alone. 我旁邊還有空位，過來吧。
⑵There was only standing room in the square. 廣場(chǎng)上只有站著的地方了。
⑶There is no room for changes.沒有改動(dòng)的余地了。
⑷This table takes up too much room.這張桌子占地方太大了。
⑸Can you make room on that shelf for more books?
你能在那個(gè)書架上騰出些地方再放些書嗎？
⑹He is in the next room.他在隔壁房間里。
高考題例：
If you don’t take away all your things from the desk, there won’t be enough______ for my stationery.（2000上海高考）
A. area B. place C. room D. surface
分析：place指具體的地方、場(chǎng)所,是可數(shù)名詞,如:This place seems familiar to me---I think I’ve been here before.（這地方好像很熟悉----大概我從前來過這里）; area是指（地球表面的地區(qū)、區(qū)域）,是可數(shù)名詞;根據(jù)題意:‘如果你不把桌子上的所有東西拿走，就沒有地方放我的文具了’，這里指的是能放東西的“空間”, room 為不可數(shù)名詞。
答案：C
21.dare
*vt. “敢,敢于”,后面常跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,有時(shí)也可省去to
eg.
⑴I did not dare (to) move. 我不敢動(dòng)。
⑵I don’t know how she dares to wear that dress. 我不知道她怎么敢穿那件連衣裙。
⑶I’ve never dared (to) go back to look.我再也不敢回去看一眼了。
*aux.“膽敢,竟敢”,無人稱和數(shù)的變化,用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中
eg.
⑴How dare you say I’m unfair? 你怎么敢說我不公平?
⑵He dare not speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 他不敢在這么多人面前說英語(yǔ),是嗎?
⑶They said he dared not come.他們說他不敢來。
*I dare say 我揣測(cè)
eg.
You are tired, I dare say. 你可能累了
高考題例:
I wonder how he ______ that to the teacher. （1995上海高考）
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
分析: A應(yīng)為dares to say; B,C排除;dare為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,有過去式, 即dared.
答案:D
同步練習(xí):
一、單詞拼寫:
1.You can take some______（膠囊）to treat your cold.
2.They p_____ down the old building to build a hotel.
3.You have to______（更換）the old office equipment with computers.
4.The red lines on the maps r_______ railways.
5.The painter is very good at painting people. He is a good p______ painter.
6.When people speak they like to use _____（手勢(shì)）to help them.
7.The lovely girl’s f_____ expressions suggest that she is very happy.
8.Sportsmen try their best to_______（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）for gold medals.
9.Her new red dress produced quite a good _____（影響）on everyone.
10.Jack’s parents are satisfied with him as he ______（排列）no.4 in the mid－term exam.
11.Those who love peace wish to seek a peaceful s______ to the argument.
12.Why do _______（青少年）like cell phones so much？
13.When you _______（按）the button , the machine will open quickly.
14.The Los Angles Lakers and the Spurs _______（戰(zhàn)平）2-2 in the semi-final.
15.The S_______ of Liberty stands on Manhattan Island.
二、單項(xiàng)選擇:
1.Teaching is an art _______on a science.
A. basing B. based C. is based D. bases
2.Blackmail（敲詐）is something that should never be______； but that’s easier said than done.
A. given up B. given in C. given up to D. given in to.
3.He has great difficulty in working out the problem ，so we should do what we_____ him.
A. can help B. can do help C. can to help D. can helping.
4.When she returned home ,she began to ______her long hair and wash it.
A. pull up B. pull down C. do up D. do down.
5.I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s_______ to be a good one.
A. said B. told C. spoken D. talked.
6.He was a good swimmer, so he ______ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
A. could B. might C. must D. was able to.
7 .It ______ almost every day so far this month.
A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained.
8.He went back home _____and never failed to do that.
A. every another day B. every two day
C. every other day D. every second days.
9.Her hair’s the same colour ________ .
A. of her mother B. as her mother.
C. with her mother’s D. as her mother’s.
10.He promised me that he would do his best _______ here in time.
A. arriving B. getting to C. to reach D. to arrive at.
11.You can never imagine ________ he takes in doing the experiment.
A. part B. a part C. the part D. parts.
12.There will be a discussion tomorrow ；all those who want to_______ , please raise your hands.
A. join B. take part C. take apart D. take part in.
13.Jack is sure to pass the exam , for he is well ________ for it.
A. preparing B. prepared C. of ready D. getting ready
14.Gandhi was ______ a clever lawyer and a political leader ； he was also a determined fighter for human rights.
A. just B. really C. more than D. above
15.Time ______ , you should get down to work now .
A. touches B. presses C. short D. little
16.It’s better to keep a little for the night _______need.
A. in danger of B. in face of C. in the way of D. in case of.
17.Her kindness ______her beauty .
A. added B. added to C. added up to D. was added to
18.I’m very sorry that I didn’t succeed ______ myself understood.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. in making
19.Many new questions ________ at the meeting .
A. went up B. raised C. came up with D. came up
20.The boy had always dreamed _______ a teacher , and now his dream has ______ .
A. to become ；come truly B. of becoming； come true
C. to become ；come true D. of becoming ；come truly.
答案與提示:
一、
1.capsules
2.pulled
3.replace
4.represent
5.portrait
6.gestures
7.facial
8.compete
9.effect
10.ranked
11.solution
12.teenagers
13.press
14tied
15.Statue
二、
1.B be based on “以…為基礎(chǔ)” ，此處過去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)。
2 D give in to 向…讓步 ，遷就。
3 C do what we can to help sb.盡力去幫助某人 ，不定式作目的狀語(yǔ) 。
4.B pull down 此處為“拉下，放開”。
5.A 據(jù)說 sth.is said to ；it is said that sth …….
6.D be able to表示設(shè)法做成了某事，側(cè)重結(jié)果。
7.D so far 到目前為止，與完成時(shí)連用。
8.C 每隔一天：every two days/every other day/every second day.
9.D the same … as 與… 相似 。
10.C do one’s best to do, here 此處為名詞 。
11.C take a part in 因從句為定語(yǔ)從句 ，part 為先行詞，故用the part he takes.
12.B take part 參加，若有賓語(yǔ)加in .
13.B be well prepared for 做好了準(zhǔn)備。
14.C more than 不僅是，相當(dāng)于 not only.
15.B press 此處為不及物動(dòng)詞，“緊迫”。
16.D in case of 萬一發(fā)生……
17.B add to 增加；add up to 加起來總計(jì)。
18.D succeed in doing sth..成功地干某事。
19.D come up 被提出，主語(yǔ)是物，come up with 主語(yǔ)為人顧應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式，raise 也應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式。
20.B dream of dong sth ；come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)。