Welcome to the unit

1. sense

a. 感官（可數(shù)名詞）

People who can’t see often have a fine sense of hearing.

My sense of sight is not so good as it used to be.

b. 感覺（不可數(shù)名詞），意義

He has no sense of time.

She has a lively sense of humor.

This is a word with several senses.

c. 感到，察覺到（動詞）

We sensed the tension in the conference room.

I sensed that I was not welcome.

相關(guān)的詞組及句型：

in a sense make sense　　　 make no sense make sense of

common sense　　There is no sense in doing sth.

2. affect/effect

The change in climate may affect your health.

She was affected to tears.

The sight affected her to tears.

have an effect on/upon

take effect bring/come/put…into effect

3. fail

1. He had done his best but failed.

2. The news that Tom had failed (in) his exams surprised us.

3. The famous pop star failed to show up at the concert.

failure

After many failures, he succeeded in the end.

He is a failure as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.

4. confuse

We tried to confuse the enemies.

Don’t give me so much information-you are confusing me.

Don’t confuse the black and the white.

I always confuse you with your sister-you look so alike.

5. more than

The stone weighs more than ten tons.

Bamboo is used for more than building.

She was more than happy to see you.

She more than hesitated to promise that

She was more shy than unfriendly.

Reading

1. wonder

v.想知道，驚訝

I wonder if you’d give me some advice.

I wonder how you came to miss your way.

We wondered at/about the speed, with which it arrived.

n.驚訝（不可數(shù)）；奇跡（可數(shù)）

He looked at the picture in wonder.

do/work wonders

the seven wonders of the world

It’s a wonder that he is still alive.

(It’s) no wonder you can’t sleep when you eat so much.

2. this/that adv. -----so

Don’t take what she said that seriously.

Can living in a foreign country change a person that much?

Never stay out this late, or you won’t be allowed to go out in the evening any more.

that pron.

The effect teachers have on children is greater than that of parents.

The book I bought yesterday is more interesting than that he has.

3. observe

She has observed the stars all her life. 　　　　　　　　（觀察）

Did you observe anything strange in the man’s conduct?　（注意）

She observed a man walking in the opposite direction.　　（注意）

They did not observe Christine come in and go upstairs.　 （注意）

We must observe the rules of the road.　　　　　　　　 （遵守）

How many holidays do we observe every year?　　　　　（慶祝）

4. stare at/look at/glare at/glance at

The teacher stared at the class into silence.

He looked sadly at the dying dog.

“Who broke the window?” the teacher said angrily, glaring at the students.

She glanced at the face of the strange man.

5. desert

v. 丟棄，拋棄

He deserted his friends in need.

The country had been at war for many years and the temple was deserted and the houses fell to pieces.

n. 沙漠

Such animals can’t live in the desert.

adj. deserted

類似的(作明詞和動詞)詞語：tear, record, import, increase, progress, produce

6. set off

All the family set off in search of the missing boy.

Our manager will set off for Australia next week.

They will set off on a journey to Africa.

The bomb could set off by the slightest touch.　（爆炸）

set out to do sth　　　　set about doing sth

7. beat-beat-beaten

敲擊，擊打，連續(xù)不斷的跳動　

The father beat his son black and blue.

His heart beats very fast.

The rain beat against the windows.

The bird beat its wings and flew away.

The wave beat the shore all the time.

打敗

He beat me at chess.

8. wish for

It is no use wishing for things you can’t have.

I wish that he would be well soon.

I wish to finish the job as soon as possible.

I wish him to return the book to me soon.

Wish you a good trip to Hangzhou.

Wish you all well.

9. with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

He looked at me up and down with his eyes wide open.

They often go climbing with bags on their backs.

He left hurriedly with his little daughter crying at home.

The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.

I can’t play chess with you with so much homework to do.

10. watch out

“Watch out!” he shouted when he saw the boy standing on top of the chair.

Watch out for a tall man in a black hat.

You have to watch out for fast traffic along here.

11. pay back/pay for/pay off

I am certain that he will pay back every cent he owes you.

The man wanted me to pay him for the damage.

At last the old man paid off his son’s debts.

His efforts paid off.

12. freeze (froze, frozen)

It may freeze tonight.

They almost froze to death.

freezing air frozen chicken be frozen with

13. contact

Finally he managed to get into contact with them.

My job was to make contact with the local people.

I’ll contact Jones and get his reaction.

I shall contact you by telephone on Friday.

Word power

1. go 由好向不好，正常向不正常轉(zhuǎn)化

The fish went bad.

The girl went blind at the age of 10.

Something went wrong with my motorbike.

mad, hard, pale, hungry

2. afford

a. 負(fù)擔(dān)得起（……費(fèi)用）

Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.

In those days they couldn’t afford to call in a doctor.

b. 抽出時間做

Are you going to afford the time for a holiday?

c. 提供，給予

Music affords me great pleasure.

The trees afford a pleasant shade.

d. 做得到，經(jīng)得起

He said he really could’t afford to wait another day.

We can’t afford to offend our employer.

afford 通常與can/could/be able to連用

注意以下afford的搭配

afford sth afford to do

afford sb sth afford sth to sb.

3. mostly

a) mainly, in most cases　主要地，大部分 b) most of the time　　通常

Most of the Americans use their cars mostly for their jobs.

Our weather has been mostly warm.

4. develop

a. 發(fā)展，養(yǎng)成，培養(yǎng)

China is developing very fast.

He has developed the habit of making notes while listening to the lecture.

They provide good materials for developing the students’ reading skill.

b. 發(fā)育，成長，形成

Plants develop from seeds.

He developed into a strong leader.

c. 沖洗

I think these photos will look nice when they are developed.

Let’s have these pictures developed.

5. turn to 變成，轉(zhuǎn)向，求助

They had great difficulty in turning desert to green land.

Who can I turn to when I am in trouble?

If you meet with some new words, don’t always turn to the dictionary for help.

Grammar and usage

1. reduce

A. 減少；縮減

He reduced his weight by 5 kilograms.

The price of these shoes has been reduced.

Ｂ. 落到某種境地；化為，變?yōu)?/p>

Hunger reduced them to stealing.

The bombs reduced the city to ruins.

reduce to order　 使恢復(fù)秩序

reduce to silence　 使安靜下來

reduce to tears　 使哭了起來

2. add

a. Add a few names to the list.

b. If you add 4 to 3, you get 7.

c. I should add that we are very happy to stay with you. （補(bǔ)充）

d. Her arrival added to our pleasure.

e. Add up these figures, please.

f. The bills add up to exactly $100.

add to 增加；擴(kuò)建 add…to…把…加到…

add up 加起來 add up to　加起來總計

3. make the most of

a. We must make the most of the fine weather.

b. The students are making the most of the time to do the experiment.

make the best of　　　make full use of　　　make good use of

4. ignore　忽視，不管，不注意

They ignored traffic regulations.

Jack completely ignores all these facts as though they never existed.

5. rather than　而不是

a. I think you, rather than Mary, are to be punished.

b. Rather than fish, we’ll have fried eggs and meat for lunch.

c. The color seems green rather than blue.

d. He would rather walk than drive.

e. I’d prefer to stay indoors rather than go out.

Exercise about noun clauses

1. They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China.

A. which B. that C. whom D. when

2. The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.

A. that B. which C. when D. what

3. I have no idea ____he will come back.

A. where B. when C. what D. that

4. The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.

A. that B. when C. what D. how

5. One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right.

A. what that B. that which

C. that what D. which that

6. Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.

A. what B. whether c. that D. which

7. The question is ____the film is worth seeing.

A. if B. what C. whether D. how

8. They received orders _____ the work be done at once.

A .which B. when C. / D .that

9. The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed.

A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because

10. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind.

A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because

11. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.

A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if

12. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.

A. which B. where C. what D. that

13. I have the information ____.

A. of what he’ll come soon B. that he’ll come soon

C. of that he’ll come soon D. his coming soon

16. --- Can I help you?

-- Yes, do you know ____?

A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus

C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes

17. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.

A. that B. if C. what D. that if

18. They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall.

A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what

答案：BABAC CCDCA BDBAA DDA

Task

1. This/It is the first/ last time (that) sb. +現(xiàn)在完成時

This/It was the first/ last time (that) sb. +過去完成時

1) 這是我第一次聽她唱歌。

This is the first time that I have heard her sing.

2) 這是我們第二次見面了。

This was the second time we had met each other.

2. He was very interesting to listen to.

Your brother is pleasant to work with.

The boy is difficult to teach.

The bed is comfortable to sleep in.

difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome, interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, heavy, important…

3. Suddenly, the lightening came very close and I could hear the

thunder overhead.

come 表示“達(dá)到某種條件或狀態(tài)”

1) The bottle came open in my bag.

2) My family always comes first.

come true come to life come to an end

4. Mr. Liu Weihai is making good progress.

The ship made slow progress through the rough sea.

Jean has made great progress in English.

5. be grateful to sb. /for sth.

我非常感謝所有老師的幫助。

I’m extremely grateful to all the teachers for their help

如能提供信息我們將感激不盡。

We would be grateful for any information you can give us.

He was grateful that she didn’t tell his parents about the incident.

他感到慶幸的是她未將此事告訴他父母。

重要詞組

天變黑　　　　　　　　　　grow dark

在遠(yuǎn)處　　　　　　　　　　in the distance

起航到目的地　　　　　　　set sail for our destination

成功地登上救生艇　　　　　manage to get on a lifeboat

消失　　　　　　　　　　　go missing

聽起來像　　　　　　　　　sound like

環(huán)游世界　　　　　　　　　travel all around the world

聽到頭頂?shù)睦茁暋　　　　　�hear the thunder overhead

Project

1. chance 表示“可能性；機(jī)會；冒險”

chance/chances of doing sth 做… 的可能

有可能周末弄到票嗎？

Is there any chance of getting the tickets at the weekend?

have/stand a chance of (doing sth) 有...的希望；有可能成功

她拿到駕照的希望渺茫.

she has a slim/slight chance of getting the driving license.

chance of sth … 的可能性

手術(shù)成功的可能性是很大的。

The operation has a good chance of success.

There is a chance that… 有可能=It is likely that…

There is a chance that I will be chosen for the team.

有可能我被選拔到隊里。

市長沒有可能改變主意。

There is no chance that the mayor will change his mind.

take a chance (on sth) 冒險

we took a chance on the weather and planned to have the party outside.

我們懷著天氣可能會好的僥幸心理籌劃到戶外聚會。

2. compare… with/to…與…作比較 compare… to…把…比作

Cotton production rose by 30%, compared with last year.

與去年相比，棉花產(chǎn)量增長了30%。

與過去相比，我們的生活要好得多。

Compared with the past, out life is much better.

People often compare teachers to gardeners.

人們經(jīng)常把老師比作園丁。

這位詩人把他的愛人比作紅玫瑰.

The poet compared his lover to a red rose.

3. feed on 表示“以...為食, 以...為能源”

牛主要以草為食 .

Cows mainly feed on grass.

The new car feeding on solar energy is in great demand.

這種新型的以太陽能為能源的汽車需求量極大。

feed 還可表示 “喂…給…吃”，即 feed sth to sb 或 feed sb on/with sth

他的女兒用牛奶喂那只被遺棄的狗。

His daughter fed milk to the deserted dog .

4. be likely to 表示“可能”，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu):

sb. / sth. be likely to do… It’s (most / very) likely that…

adj. 很可能的，有希望的

She is very likely to ring me tonight.

Tian Liang is the most likely to be the champion.

It is very likely that the government will not support our advice.

adv. 很可能（用在most和very后）

They will very likely come by car.

注意：likely, possible, probable

5. deadly

adj. 極其危險的，致命的，極度的，非常的

The murdered man had many deadly enemies.

Cancer is a deadly disease.

adv. 非常，極其

I was a deadly boring play.

I was deadly sleepy.

die dying dead death deadly

6. jewellery (jewelry) 珠寶，首飾 n.（U）

jewel 寶石, 珠寶首飾 n. (C)

The rich lady has a great deal of gold_____________.

The family_______ are locked away in a safe(保險箱).

7. avoid表示“避開；避免”

通常用于 avoid sth avoid doing sth

In order to avoid failure, we had to work harder.

You should avoid mentioning anything that may embarrass her.

8. panic

n. 驚慌；恐慌

I got into a panic when I found a door was locked.

There was an immediate panic when the alarm sounded.

v. 受驚；驚慌 (panicked, panicked)

Don’t panic.

9. Hit the shark on the nose. 打在鯊魚的鼻子上。

這是一種動詞 + 賓語 + by (on, in) + the + 身體部位等的結(jié)構(gòu)，此種類型常用的動詞有：catch, pull, shake, seize, hit, take

He was wounded in the arm.

The ball hit the boy on the head.

He led the cow by the nose.

The old man shook him by the hand.

10. stick

He walks with the help of a walking stick.

Don’t stick your head out of the train window.

Don’t stick paper on the wall.

He got stuck in the mud.

The needle stuck in my finger.

stick to 　　堅持某種原則

If you stick to it long enough, you can fond the answer to the problem.

11. 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式有三種：

(1) Ａ+ be + 倍數(shù) + the + 長（寬，高）的名詞形式+ of +B.

The new building is four times the size of the old one.

The new road is three times the width of the old one.

(2) Ａ+ be（或其他動詞） + 倍數(shù) + adj /adv的比較級+ than +B.

The sun is a million times larger than the earth.

This boy runs three times faster than his brother.

(３) Ａ+ be（或其他動詞） + 倍數(shù) +as + adj /adv的原級+ as +B.

The car runs three times as fast as I walk.

This factory produced three times as many cars this year as last year.

重要詞組

1. 獨(dú)特的感官 unique senses

2. 長期的進(jìn)化過程 the long process of evolution

3. 在艱苦的環(huán)境中幸存 survive hard environment

4. 400種不同種類的鯊魚 400 different types of sharks

5. 以人類為食 feed on humans

6. 減少被攻擊的可能性 reduce the chances of being attacked

7. 避開大白鯊 avoid the great white shark

8. 在海中溺死 drown in the ocean

9. 一個致命的傷口 a deadly wound

10. 添加下面的建議 add the following tips