Reading:
1 award: v. 1)頒獎(jiǎng)，授獎(jiǎng)award sb. Sth 2)裁定；判決；裁決；裁決書n.1) 獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)品win an award
He was awarded the gold medal for being the fastest runner.他跑得最快,因而獲得了金牌。
The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the fire. 法官判給在火災(zāi)中受傷的人一大筆錢。 Reward: v.酬謝；酬勞；報(bào)答n. 酬謝；酬勞
How can I reward your kindness?我如何酬謝你的好意呢？
a reward of $900 for catching the criminal 因抓獲罪犯而得900美元酬金
2 fair: adj.1)公平的，公道的a fair referee; 公平的裁判員；a fair deal; 公平交易；a fair fight; 公平戰(zhàn)爭；2) 合理的；正當(dāng)?shù)?It's fair enough to ask your close friends to help."向你的好朋友求助,這是很自然的/理所當(dāng)然的 3) 美麗的（女性）a fair lady
adv.（副詞）光明正大地：用適當(dāng)?shù)幕蚝戏ǖ姆绞剑簆lay fair.光明正大地處事
n. 商品展覽會(huì)；商品交易會(huì)a book fair書展
3 potential: adj.潛在的，可能的：潛伏的：a potential problem.潛在的問題
Potentiality n.可能力, (用復(fù)數(shù))潛能.潛力.可能性
4 gift: n.1)禮品；贈(zèng)品 2)天賦，天資；才能Gifted:adj. be gifted in dth
He has a gift for poetry.他有做詩的天賦。a man of many gifts多才多藝的人
5 assist: assist sb with sth/in doing sth Assist sb to do sth.
We’ll assist you in finding somewhere to live.
Assistance: n. with the assistance of sth Come to sb’s assistance Can I be of any assistance?
6 adjust:v 1)調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；使適合；使適應(yīng)
adjust my watch校準(zhǔn)我的表 adjust oneself to the schoollife適應(yīng)學(xué)校生活
Adapt: v. 1)使適應(yīng)；使適合 He adapted himself to the cold weather.他適應(yīng)了寒冷的天氣。
2)改編；改裝 Here is a letter adapted from DEAR ABBY, Philadelphia Bulletin, March 9,1973.
這里摘登一封'親愛的愛畢'的回信,刊登在一九七三年三月九日的'費(fèi)城公報(bào)”
Integrating skills:
7 respect: n.1)（與of, for連用）尊敬；尊重
to show respect to those who are older尊敬長者
The students have great respect for their history teacher.學(xué)生們非常尊敬他們的歷史老師。
2)關(guān)心；注意 to pay (have) respect to關(guān)心
3)(pl) 敬意；問候 Give my respects to your wife.請代我向你太太問好。
4) in all respects無論從哪方面來看 in respect of關(guān)于；就…來說；
8 participate vi.: 參加某事：participated in the festivities.參加慶�；顒�(dòng)
n. participation 參與：參與或分享某事的行為：
Teachers often encourage class participation.教師常鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生積極參與
9. conduct: vt., vi.1)行為；舉止；為人；表現(xiàn) Your children conduct themselves well.你的孩子們表現(xiàn)甚佳。
2)處理； 經(jīng)營；引導(dǎo)；實(shí)施 My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的嬸嬸把企業(yè)經(jīng)營得很成功。
3)引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)游 The headmaster conducted us round the school.校長帶引我們在學(xué)校里參觀了一圈。
The guide conducted us on a tour of the oldest museum in the country. 導(dǎo)游帶我們游覽了這個(gè)國家最老的博物館。
4)指揮（樂隊(duì)） 5)導(dǎo)電；導(dǎo)熱 Metal conducts electricity.金屬導(dǎo)電。
n.1)行為；舉止；舉動(dòng)；品行His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。
2)處理；經(jīng)營；引導(dǎo)；實(shí)施
10. access: n. 1)進(jìn)入；通道 2)使用；接近v. 接近，進(jìn)入：獲得接觸（數(shù)據(jù)或程序）的途徑
There is no access to the street through that door.穿過那個(gè)門沒有通向大街的路。
easy of access易于接近 Students need access to books.學(xué)生需要使用書本。
accessible: adj Easily approached or entered.易接近的，易進(jìn)入的; 易相處的
accessible money.易得到的金錢 an accessible manager.易于相處的經(jīng)理
Unit 18 知識要點(diǎn) Warming up
1 environmentally friendly. 環(huán)保
friendly 除了表示“友好的，朋友般的”含義，還有“友善的，表示贊賞的，不反對的”含義。
A friendly argument on any disputes is beneficial to the further understanding of the mutual views. 對任何爭端進(jìn)行友好的辯論有助于進(jìn)一步了解相互的觀點(diǎn)。
It’s a government friendly to our interests.這是一個(gè)符合我們利益的政府。
2 let out 放掉, 使知道；泄露; 放大（衣服）；增大（例如衣服的）尺寸; 出租（房屋等）
類似詞組有：let sb/sth down使失望, 使降低，
There seemed a man in the garden. Let the dog out.好像有個(gè)人在花園里，把狗放出來吧。
Let the air out of the balloon and put it into the plastic bag.釋放氣球中的空氣,把它放在塑料袋里。
Who let that story out?是誰泄露了消息?
I want to let out a coat.我想放大一件外衣。
I want to live outside London. Do you know there is any house let out? 我想住在倫敦外面，你知道哪有出租的房屋嗎？
3 come up with 想出（計(jì)劃、回答）；作出（反應(yīng)）；產(chǎn)生； 趕上
He couldn’t come up with an answer.他答不上來。
People can put ideas together in many ways and can come up with new ideas.人們把各種主意用不同的方式組合在一起，形成一些新想法。
He first came up with the good idea of going to visit the factory.他先想出了去參觀工廠的好主意。
We are making our efforts to come up with the advanced level.我們在努力達(dá)到先進(jìn)水平。
引申： come up “顯現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn)，提升，靠近”
The question never came up.這個(gè)問題未從曾發(fā)生過。 The sun came up.太陽升起來了。
a general who came up from the ranks按等級晉升的將軍 came up and said hello靠近并打招呼
come down 傳遞；傳給；減價(jià)
The song comes down to us from the 10th century.這首歌從10世紀(jì)一直傳到我們這一代。
These legends came down to us from the 15th century.這些傳說是從15世紀(jì)流傳下來的。
I don’t think TV sets will come down this year, do you?我看今年電視機(jī)的價(jià)格不會(huì)跌,你看呢?
4 a matter of正�；蚪�(jīng)常的事情； 理所當(dāng)然的事情
Answering the question is just a matter of using your intelligence.回答這個(gè)問題只不過要運(yùn)用一下你的智慧。
To solve the problem is just a matter of time.要解決這個(gè)問題僅僅是個(gè)時(shí)間問題。
拓展： a matter of 還可以表示“大約，大概”的含義。We only had to wait a matter of 10 minutes.我們大約只等了10分鐘。
a matter of life or death 生死攸關(guān)的事情; 3.a matter of opinion 看法不同的事情， 見仁見智的事情
as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上
5 To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem.破舊立新的意思就是要用新方法解決問題。
此句型中的think outside the box 在此意思為解放思想，思維方式要突破陳規(guī)，破舊立新。另外，此句型中是由to think outside the box 不定式作主語，表語是to try new ways to solve a problem,這是因?yàn)樽髦髡Z的動(dòng)名詞、 不定式有對稱使用的特點(diǎn)。
1. Seeing is believing.或To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí) 2.To know everything is to know nothing.樣樣皆通，樣樣稀松。3.To respect the others is to be respected.尊重別人就是尊重自己。
4.To love nature is to love mankind itself.愛自然就是愛人類自己。5.To teach is to learn.教即是學(xué)。
考題：It is better to lose one’s life than . A. if you lose your spirit B. losing his spirit
C. to lose one’s spirit D. your spirit getting lost 答案：C
6 allow for考慮；顧及；把某事算在內(nèi)
We must allow for his inexperience.我們必須考慮到他缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)這一點(diǎn)。
It takes about two hours to get to their office building,allowing for possible traffic delays.
考慮到路上可能遇到的交通耽擱,到他們的辦公大樓大約要花費(fèi)兩小時(shí)。
Allowing for the train being late,we should be back by 10:30.
把火車晚點(diǎn)考慮在內(nèi)， 我們應(yīng)該在十點(diǎn)半之前回來。
10. 及物動(dòng)詞reject 后面通常接名詞， 在此意思是拒絕接受。
He rejected their invitation point-blank.他直截了當(dāng)?shù)鼐芙^了他們的邀請。
We rejected his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.
我們沒有采納他關(guān)于成立音樂俱樂部的想法，而是決定成立藝術(shù)俱樂部。
reject還可以表示拋棄的含義。
The boy will feel rejected if you refuse to come.如果你拒絕來的話，那男孩會(huì)感到被拋棄的。
比較： resist vt., vi.抵抗；反抗；敵對 抵御；阻止
the power to resist disease抗拒疾病的能力
2)忍��；頂住She could hardly resist laughing。她真忍不住要笑。
I can't resist baked apples.我頂不住烤蘋果的誘惑。
7. be stuck in 與be caught in, be trapped in 的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。
be caught in 通常表示碰巧遇到暴風(fēng)雨、交通阻塞等。
We were caught in a storm on the way home.我們在回家的路上碰巧遇到了暴風(fēng)雨。
be trapped in 更強(qiáng)調(diào)被困在一個(gè)具體的空間內(nèi)，或落入圈套。
She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃燒著的房子里了。
8. otherwise: adv.1)不同地 2)（在）其他方面; 3)（在不同情況下）否則
We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise. 我們原打算踢足球，可是天很熱，我們就決定干別的了。
He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.他愛吵鬧，但在其他方面倒是一個(gè)好孩子。
We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.我們得早一點(diǎn)去，不然就沒有座位了。
I've got one more page to write; otherwise I've finished.我又多寫了一頁，不然的話已經(jīng)完成了。
9. attempt: v attempt to do attempt +n, make an attempt; at the first attempt,
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.我試圖一次讀完整本小說
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance. 我們嘗試在沒有外援的情況下完成復(fù)雜的特技動(dòng)作
n She made an attempt to cook the dinner.她試著做這頓飯。Make an attempt on /at doing sth
10. Application: n應(yīng)用;
The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency. 把新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)用到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)上,通�？梢蕴岣咝�。
2)適用 This has no application to the case這不適用于那個(gè)案子。
3)正式申請；書面申請 an application for a job求職書
4)敷用（藥物）5)勤勉；專心
He worked with great application. 他工作非常勤奮。
apply vt., vi. applied, applying
1) 請求；申請I want to apply for the job.我想申請這項(xiàng)工作。
2)應(yīng)用；使用；適用to apply a nickname用綽號
The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.勤儉節(jié)約的原則適用于一切事業(yè)。
3)涂，敷，抹Apply medicine to his wound.在他傷口上涂藥。
A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.有個(gè)護(hù)士正在給他的傷口敷藥。
4)產(chǎn)生作用；有直接關(guān)系What I have said does not apply to you.我說的話與你無關(guān)。
This rule does not apply.這個(gè)規(guī)則不適用。
4)專心；集中精力apply oneself to專心從事，埋頭于…
The new comer applied his mind to the job.新來的職員工作專心致志。
Students should apply themselves to their study.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該專心致志地學(xué)習(xí)。
Integrating skills
11. We are said to be living in the “Information Age”,a time of new discoveries and great changes. 人人都說我們生活在信息時(shí)代，一個(gè)充滿著新發(fā)現(xiàn)和巨大變化的時(shí)代。
1.Bronze Age 銅器時(shí)代 the Ice Age 冰河世紀(jì)
age 用作復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示長時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于for a long time。
1.I haven’t seen her for ages.我有很長時(shí)間沒有看見她了。
2.It’s been an age（=ages）since we met.我們好久未見面了。
Unit 17 Disabilities清單
Reading:
2 award: v. 1)_______award sb. Sth 2)裁定；判決；裁決；裁決書n.1) 獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)品win an award
He was awarded the gold medal for being the fastest runner.
The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the fire.
Reward: v. __________；報(bào)答n. 酬謝；酬勞
How can I reward your kindness? a reward of $900 for catching the criminal
3 fair在不同語境中的意思：
a fair referee; _____的裁判員；a fair deal; _______交易
It's fair enough to ask your close friends to help."向你的好朋友求助,這是很_________的
a fair lady __________的（女性）play fair._______地處事 a book fair__________
4 potential: adj.______________：a potential problem.__________的問題
Potentiality n. (用復(fù)數(shù))_____________.可能性
8 gift: n.1)禮品；贈(zèng)品 2)天賦，天資；才能Gifted: adj. be gifted in dth
He has a gift for poetry. a man of many gifts
9 assist: assist sb with sth/in doing sth Assist sb to do sth
We’ll assist you in finding somewhere to live.
Assistance: n. with the assistance of sth Come to sb’s assistance Can I be of any assistance?
14 adjust:v 1)調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；使適合；使適應(yīng)
adjust my watch adjust oneself to the schoollife
Adapt: v. He adapted himself to the cold weather.
Here is a letter adapted from DEAR ABBY, Philadelphia Bulletin, March 9,1973.
這里摘登一封'親愛的愛畢'的回信,刊登在一九七三年三月九日的'費(fèi)城公報(bào)”
Integrating skills:
16 respect: n.1)（與of, for連用）_____
to show respect to those who are older
3)(pl) _________ Give my respects to your wife.
4) in all respects無論從哪方面來看 in respect of關(guān)于；就…來說；
17 participate vi.: 參加某事：_________ the festivities.參加慶�；顒�(dòng)
n. participation _____：Teachers often encourage class participation.
18. conduct 在不同語境中的意思：
Your children conduct themselves well.你的孩子們___________甚佳。
My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的嬸嬸把企業(yè)________得很成功。
The headmaster conducted us round the school.校長帶_________我們在學(xué)校里參觀了一圈。
Metal conducts electricity.金屬_________電。
n. His conduct disagrees with his words.他___________。
There was growing criticism of the government’s conduct of the war.對于政府在戰(zhàn)爭中的______有越來越多的指責(zé)。
19. access/ accessible在不同語境中的意思：
There is no access to the street through that door. easy of access
Students need access to books accessible money. an accessible manager.
Unit 18 知識清單
Warming up
1 environmentally friendly. _____________
friendly 除了表示“友好的，朋友般的”含義，還有“友善的，表示贊賞的，不反對的”含義。
A friendly argument on any disputes is beneficial to the further understanding of the mutual views.
It’s a government friendly to our interests.
2 let out 放掉, 使知道；泄露; 放大（衣服）；增大（例如衣服的）尺寸; 出租（房屋等）
類似詞組有：let sb/sth down使失望, 使降低，
There seemed a man in the garden. Let the dog out.
Let the air out of the balloon and put it into the plastic bag.
Who let that story out? I want to let out a coat.
I want to live outside London. Do you know there is any house let out?
3 come up with_______（計(jì)劃、回答）；作出（反應(yīng)）；產(chǎn)生； 趕上
He couldn’t come up with an answer.
People can put ideas together in many ways and can come up with new ideas.
He first came up with the good idea of going to visit the factory.
We are making our efforts to come up with the advanced level.
引申： come up 的意思 The question never came up. The sun came up. a general who came up from the ranks came up and said hello
come down 的意思 The song comes down to us from the 10th century. These legends came down to us from the 15th century. I don’t think TV sets will come down this year, do you?
4 a matter of正�；蚪�(jīng)常的事情； 理所當(dāng)然的事情
Answering the question is just a matter of using your intelligence. To solve the problem is just a matter of time.
a matter of 還可以表示“________”的含義。We only had to wait a matter of 10 minutes.
a matter of life or death ______的事情; 3.a matter of opinion _______的事情， _______的事情
as a matter of fact _______________
5 To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem.破舊立新的意思就是要用新方法解決問題。
此句型中的think outside the box 在此意思為解放思想，思維方式要突破陳規(guī)，破舊立新。另外，此句型中是由to think outside the box 不定式作主語，表語是to try new ways to solve a problem,這是因?yàn)樽髦髡Z的動(dòng)名詞、 不定式有對稱使用的特點(diǎn)。
1. Seeing is believing.或To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)
2.To know everything is _________.樣樣皆通，樣樣稀松。3.To respect the others is _________. 尊重別人就是尊重自己。4.To love nature is______________.愛自然就是愛人類自己。5.To teach is ___________.教即是學(xué)。
考題：It is better to lose one’s life than . A. if you lose your spirit B. losing his spirit
C. to lose one’s spirit D. your spirit getting lost 答案：C
6 allow for__________；把某事算在內(nèi)
We must allow for his inexperience. It takes about two hours to get to their office building,allowing for possible traffic delays. Allowing for the train being late,we should be back by 10:30.
10. 及物動(dòng)詞reject 后面通常接名詞， 在此意思是拒絕接受。
He rejected their invitation point-blank. We rejected his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.
reject還可以表示拋棄的含義。 The boy will feel rejected if you refuse to come.
比較： resist vt., vi.抵抗；反抗；敵對 抵御；阻止
the power to resist disease抗拒疾病的能力
2)忍住；頂住She could hardly resist laughing。她真忍不住要笑。
I can't resist baked apples.我頂不住烤蘋果的誘惑。
7. be stuck in 與be caught in, be trapped in 的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。
be caught in 通常表示碰巧遇到暴風(fēng)雨、交通阻塞等。
We were caught in a storm on the way home.我們在回家的路上碰巧遇到了暴風(fēng)雨。
be trapped in 更強(qiáng)調(diào)被困在一個(gè)具體的空間內(nèi)，或落入圈套。
She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃燒著的房子里了。
8. otherwise: adv.1)不同地 We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.
2)（在）其他方面 He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.
3)（在不同情況下）否則 We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.
I've got one more page to write; otherwise I've finished.
9. attempt: v attempt to do attempt +n, make an attempt; at the first attempt,
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.
n She made an attempt to cook the dinner. Make an attempt on /at doing sth
10. Application在不同語境中意義的不同。
The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency. This has no application to the case an application for a job______________
4)敷用（藥物）5)勤勉；專心 He worked with great application.
apply （vt., vi. applied, applying）在不同語境中意義的不同
I want to apply for the job. to apply a nickname
The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.
Apply medicine to his wound. A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.
What I have said does not apply to you. This rule does not apply.
apply oneself to專心從事，埋頭于… The new comer applied his mind to the job. Students should apply themselves to their study.
Integrating skills
11. We are said to be living in the “Information Age”,a time of new discoveries and great changes. 人人都說我們生活在信息時(shí)代，一個(gè)充滿著新發(fā)現(xiàn)和巨大變化的時(shí)代。
1.Bronze Age ________時(shí)代 the Ice Age _________世紀(jì) age 用作復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示長時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于for a long time。
1.I haven’t seen her for ages.我有很長時(shí)間沒有看見她了。2.It’s been an age（=ages）since we met.我們好久未見面了。
17單元過關(guān)練習(xí)
1. ,the dancers practice hard to make their dreams come true .
A．Instead of being disabled B．Being disabled C．Disabled as they are D．In case of being disabled
2. As a reward his contribution botany , Joseph Banks had a flower named him .
A．for ; for ; for B．for ; to ; after C．for ; for ; after D．of ; to ; for
3. At this moment, I cannot give you an answer yet. I’d like to spend _____ more time considering this problem. A. rather B. fairly C. quite D. really
4. The old man had the __________ ability to say humorous things without hurting anybody.
A. fair B. rare C. seldom D. bare
5. It ______ long before the Chinese Space Center ______ Shenzhou Ⅶ Spacecraft.
A. will not be; launches B. is; will launch C. will not be; will launch D. is; launches
6. He can speak English, German, French and Japanese. He is nearly a man with a(an) ______ for languages. A. gift B. present C. ability D. skill
7. The disabled need recognition and encouragement ridicule (嘲笑).
A. more than B. rather than C. other than D. less than
8. I don’t like the noise of these jet aircraft, but I’ve learned to __________ it.
A. stand with B. stay with C. live with D. work with
9. He was expecting to have completed the job by now. ____________, he’s only halfway through it.
A. As it is B. Even though C. That is D. In that case
10. Cooper and Teller are _______ of selling $ 4,700 worth of heroin to a number of drug users.
A. accused B. accustomed C. adjusted D. accompanied
11. I got here in America six months ago, and I have _______ the new environment here.
A. adapted to B. adjusted to C. used to D. engaged to
12. The Smiths bought a brand-new Rolls-Royce, which became the _________ of all their neighbors.
A. admire B. envy C. proud D. respect
13. -I hear your aunt likes travel, music, clothes and fine food. -Oh, yah, and music may have been of her tastes. A. the rather more respectable B. much the most respectable
C. the very most respectable D. even more respectable one
14. Many physicists from all over the world came to the U.S. to _____ the great festival.
A. congratulate B. observe C. celebrate D. participate
15. As you know, an open-minded person ____ reasons.
A. accessible to B. accessible C. is accessible to D. is accessible of
1-5 CBABA 6-10 ABCAA 11-15 BBBCC
Unit 18過關(guān)練習(xí)
1. Father looked _______at me. A. kind B. kindly C. pleased D. friendly
2. He accidentally _____he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks. A. let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out
3. （學(xué)科大聯(lián)考）She will have to find some other work for she can’t ________ this loud noise any more. A. come up with B. keep up with C. grow up with D. put up with
4. It’s impossible to _____ these results without knowing more about the research methods employed. A. value B. evaluate C. absorb D. benefit
5. It was a matter of _____ would take the position. A. who B. whoeverC. whom D. whomever
6. I suppose we’ll have to, bad weather conditions, spend more than 500 days undertaking the construction. A. considering B. allowed for C. including D. linked with
7. Marx took this and it to society, saying that the origins of change are all technological or economic, and not based on ideas．A．used B．rejected C．a(chǎn)pplied D．a(chǎn)djusted
8. （揚(yáng)州二模）The theory he’s stuck ________ us that earth quakes can be forecast.
A. to proves B. to proves to C. to prove D. which proves to
9. Shelly had prepared carefully for the biology exam, so that she could be sure of passing it at her first _____. A. purpose B. desire C. wish D. attempt
10. The singer hasn't performed in public for over five years． _______ , she is very popular
with young people． A．But B．Still C．Otherwise D．Therefore
11. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
12. Public of the problem will make the government take it seriously .
A．a(chǎn)wareness B．evaluation C．existence D．evidence
13. Though Van Gosh formed his own painting style，we can still see the______of some famous Freneh artists on his works．A．reflect B．a(chǎn)pplication C．relation D．influence
14. （壽光模擬）Newly-arrived guests must____________at the hotel’s reception desk.
A. register B. exchange C. expose D. apply
15. -I’ll come_____ John is invited, too. - You mean if John comes you’ll come.
A. in case B. so that C. on condition that D. now that
1-5 BADBA 6-10 BCBDB 11-15 CADAC