Festivals

I. Teaching aims and demands 教學目標和要求:

1.Topics 話題

　 1>Talking about festivals and customs

2.Function: 交際功能

表達和支持某意見(Expressing and supporting an opinion)

　In my opinion we should...　　　　 I believe we should...　 I don t think it s necessary to...　

We must decide... 　I hope we can make a decision.　　　 If we do this,we can...

　I think that...should...　

3.Vocabulary 重點詞匯和短語

　theme; parade; holy; Easter; symbol; conflict; argument; opinion; major; probably; honour; ancestor; principle; nation; purpose; creativity; faith; commercial; joy; light; similar; generation; salute; kiss; cheek; nod; celebrate; respect; gift; cycle; fool; invitation

　dress up; in one s opinion; play a trick on sb; take in

4.Grammar:語法

　情態動詞(2)---must, have to and have got to

　1 能夠用英語表達做某事的重要性或必要性---must/have to/have got to

　2 能夠用英語表達做某事不重要或不必要---don t have to/haven t got to

　3 能夠用英語堅決表達某事不可接受或不可取---must not

II. Difficult points

III. Main teaching aids教具：A tape-recorder; Multimedia, projector, role cards

Ⅳ. Main teaching methods 教法：

1. The interaction between the teacher and the students, and among the students themselves; Attention to the students’ listening, speaking, reading and writing; and so on.

2. Listening-and–answering activity to help the students go through with the listening material.

3. Use both individual work and group or pair work to make every student work and think in class

V. Teaching procedure：

Period 1第一節

（一）明確目標　

1. Warming up to arouse the students love in talking.

2. Do some listening to improve the students listening ability.

3. Making simple dialogues to train the students speaking ability.

(二) 整體感知

Step 1 Presentation

Do you know what is called the Christmas of China? The Spring Festival. Yes. The oldest and most important festival in China is the Spring Festival. Each country and each nation has its own festivals. Today we are going to learn something about the different festivals.

（三）教學過程

Step 2 Warming up

1 Get the students to look at the pictures and discuss the questions. There will be some festivals together with their pictures to be shown. You just try your best to introduce these festival to us.

Answers: Picture 1: Halloween USA and Europe Trick or treating?

Picture 2: Obon Japan Floating paper lanterns

Picture 3: Day of the Dead Mexico Lighting candles for prayers to the dead

2 Work in pairs. Compare a Chinese festival with one from another country. If you don’t know of any festivals from other countries, you can ask me for ideas. And then fill in the form

Step 3 Listening comprehension

　Now let s have some listening training. Listen to the tape and finish the exercises.

LISTENING TEXTS:

1 "Throw me something, Mister! Throw me something, Mister!" Thousands of people are waiting for the parade to pass them by and for someone to throw them a cup, some beads, or some candy. Welcome to New Orleans, USA. Welcome to Mardi Gras. Mardi Gras is a holiday celebrated in the South of the U.S. The name of the festival, Mardi Gras, is French and means "Fat Tuesday". Mardi Gras is celebrated on a Tuesday between February 3 and March 9, always 47 days before Easter Sunday. During Mardi Gras, people like to dress up in colourful and unusual costumes, and of course, watch parades in the streets. The official colours of Mardi Gras are purple, green and gold. Mardi Gras is celebrated for two weeks before Fat Tuesday and people from all over the world come to watch the festival.

2 Ramadan is one of the most important festivals for Muslims. The name of the festival comes from the Arabic month in which it is celebrated. Ramadan is celebrated in countries all over the world, especially in Africa and the Middle East. The time for celebrating Ramadan varies each year. People celebrate it in the ninth month of the Arabic lunar calendar. During Ramadan, people must not eat during the day: from when the sun comes up to when the sun goes down, people celebrating Ramadan will not eat or smoke. When the sun has gone down, however, the celebration begins. People often stay up all night eating, singing and dancing.

3 In late spring, many people around the world celebrate Easter. The festival is a celebration of spring and it is also a religious holiday. It is the time for Easter bunnies and egg hunts, and of course for eating lots of delicious foods. Easter is celebrated in late March or early April but the exact dates are different from year to year. People celebrate Easter in different ways: in some countries, the Easter Bunny - a big rabbit - will visit and children will go on egg hunts, looking for eggs and candy that have been hidden by their parents. In other countries, Easter is a time for children to dress up like witches and go from door to door asking for candy __ much like Halloween in the US. The Easter Bunny and Easter Egg are popular symbols of the festival.

Answers for Mardi Gras: 1B 2 A 3 A for Ramadan: 1B 2 A 3 A for Easter: 1B 2 B 3 C

Step 4 Speaking practice

　Work in groups of four and discuss why your holiday is the best one.

Sample discussion

A: OK, I will begin. We need to decide what the new holiday will be. I think that the new holiday should be a Peace Day. On this day, no fighting or conflicts are allowed. People will learn and talk about peace. The holiday will be celebrated on the second Sunday in January. I think this is the best idea because nothing is more important than peace.

B: That's a good idea, but I think we should create a Happiness Day instead. If people are happy, there won't be any wars or fights. We should celebrate Happiness Day on the shortest, darkest day of the winter, because many people feel unhappy when it's cold and the sun doesn't shine. People will celebrate by doing something that makes another person happy, for example, helping them do something or giving them a card or a small gift. Most important, people should smile and laugh a lot on Happiness Day.

C: I like your ideas, but I would like to suggest something different. Why don't we have a Friendship Day? If people have friends and are friendly to each other, they will be happy and they won't fight. I think that we should celebrate Friendship Day the first day of every- month. If we do this, we will start each month in a friendly way. We can learn about how to make and keep friends and how to solve problems together. People will celebrate Friendship Day by making new friends and spending the day together with their friends.

D: Well, perhaps we shouldn't be so selfish. Peace, happiness and friendship are important to us, to human beings, but what about the rest of the planet? We mustn't forget about nature, the environment and the animals. On this day, which we will celebrate on the first day of spring, people will not pollute and they will learn more about nature. We should also plant trees and do something for our animal friends. I think that we will be happier, friendlier and more peaceful if we learn to take better care of our planet. Why not have a Nature Day? (The discussion continues.)

（四）總結擴展

Step 5 Necessary language points

Today we’ve done some listening and speaking, and learn how to give advice and some everyday English used between doctors and patients.

Listening and speaking聽說要點

1>If you don t know of any festivals, you can ask your teacher for help.

　know of　[用法]知道;了解,懂得(同know about)

　[舉例]There is one or two things I d like to know about.

　　　　有一兩件事我很想知道。

　ask for　[用法]1. 要,要求 2. 找(人)

　[舉例]The miners are asking for another increase in pay.　煤礦工人正在要求再次加薪。

　　　　There s an old man at the door, asking for you.　門口有一位老人找你。

2>When is the festival celebrated?

　celebrate　[用法]vt. 慶祝 vi. 慶祝,過節

　[舉例]We held a party to celebrate our success.　我們舉行宴會慶祝我們的成功。

　　　　Today is his birthday, so we re going to celebrate.

　　　　今天是他的生日,所以我們要慶祝一下。

　[聯想]celebration n. 1.慶祝 2.慶祝活動,慶典[C]

　[舉例]The party was in celebration of Mother s silver wedding.

　　　　聚會是為慶祝母親的銀婚。

　　　　A Fourth of July celebration includes a display of fireworks.

　　　　七月四日獨立紀念日慶典包括燃放煙火。

3>What are some important themes, for example family and peace ?

　theme

　[用法]n.[C]1. 論題,話題,題目 2. 主題,主題思想;題材 3. (學生的)作文,文章

　[舉例]The main theme of discussion was press censorship.　討論的主題是新聞審查制度。

　　　　The theme of the poem is love and peace.　這首詩的主題是愛與和平。

　　　　Our school themes must be written in ink and on white paper.

　　　　我們學校的作文要用墨水寫在白紙上。

4>The two main popular symbols of Easter are the Easter Bunny and Easter egg.

　symbol　[用法]n.[C]1. 象征,標志[(+of)] 2. 記號,符號[(+for)]

　[舉例]The white bird is a symbol of freedom.　這白色的鳥是自由的象征。

　　　　We use x as the symbol for an unknown quantity.　我們用ｘ表示一個未知數。

5>No fighting or conflicts are allowed on Peace Day.

　conflict　[用法]n.[C]1. 沖突,抵觸,不一致,分歧(+between) 2. 斗爭,爭執,戰斗(+between)

　[舉例]This is an irreconcilable conflict. 這是一個不可調和的矛盾。

　　　　Armed conflict is likely to break out between the two countries.

　　　　這兩國間有可能發生武裝沖突。

Step 6 Summary小結:

Step 7 Homework

Period 2第二節

（一）明確目標

1. Develop the students reading ability, especially their reading comprehension.

2. Read the reading passage and know about some festivals.

3. Get the students to discuss something about the Spring Festival.

4. Answer the questions according to the reading material and help them to know

（二）整體感知

Step 1 Presentation

Today we come to the Reading. It’s about the Spring Festival. All Americans know something about Christmas. Both of them are important holiday in the world. Do you want to know about some other festivals, such as Kwanzaa? Today your curiosity will be met.

（三）教學過程

Step 2 Pre-reading discussions

Answers to the questions:

1 Various answers are possible. Ask the students to describe what their families do, what they eat, how they decorate the house, who they invite and where they go / celebrate the festival. Try to get as many specific details as possible and encourage the students to compare and contrast answers.

2 Various answers are possible. You can help the students answer the question by breaking down the question into smaller parts, e.g. We celebrate the Spring Festival to get together with our family. Why is that important? or We celebrate the Spring Festival to welcome the new year. Why is the new year important to us? Try to compare the Spring Festival with at least one other festival to point out that there are similarities.

3 Various answers are possible. Ask the students to think of examples of historical or cultural parts of the Spring Festival - the students can use their answers from question 1. Examples include the Spring Festival poems, the Spring Festival colours, the Spring Festival food etc. The students can also think about Christmas and try to find any historical / cultural elements. The students are free to guess and provide very general (even slightly incorrect) answers; the point is to make them think about the relationship between festivals and culture/ history.

4 Various answers are possible. If the students are familiar with Christmas, ask them to give examples of gifts they have gives or received; you can also ask them what people buy for the Spring Festival.

Step 3 Reading

Read the text carefully again, and give the students some explanations.

What is the festival about?

It is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African Americans.

Read Para.1 carefully and answer the questions.

What’s Kwanzaa?

It is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African Americans.

2.When do people celebrate Kwanzaa?

The week following Christmas Day.

Read Para.2 carefully and answer the questions.

1. When was Kwanzaa born? In 1966

2.Why did people create Kwanzaa?

People created the festival so that African Americans would be able to celebrate their history and culture.

3.What did the African first-fruit festivals have in common?

1.People would get together to celebrate their harvest;

2.They used to give thanks for their harvests and for life;

3.They used to honour their ancestors, celebrate their past, and the group or society they live in.

Read Para.3 carefully and answer the questions.

1.What are the principles of Kwanzaa?

1.Unity 2.Self-determination 3.Living together 4.Working together 5.Purpose 6.Creativity

7.Faith

Which one do you think is the most important? Why?

Are there any other festivals which have one or more of the same principles?

Read Para4 carefully and answer the questions.

1.When does Kwanzaa begin and end?

It begins the day after Christmas Day and ends on New Year’s Day.

2.Why did people choose that dates?

Because people who celebrate Kwanzaa can enjoy the spirit of the holidays without all the commercial activities of Christmas.

3.How do people celebrate Kwanzaa?

People celebrate it by lighting a candle each day and discussing one of the seven principles of Kwanzaa. On the last day of Kwanzaa, family and friends gather to enjoy a large meal and to celebrate the new year.

Step 4 Listening to the reading passage

Play the tape for the students to listen and follow. Pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.

Step 5 Post-reading

Answers:

1. People created the festival so that African Americans would be able to celebrate their history and culture.

2. Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little and in that way we keep our culture alive. The Spring Festival, Christmas, Ramadan, Kwanzaa and all the other holidays and festivals help us understand who we are, remember where we come from and share our hopes for a happy future.

Festivals celebrate history and keep our culture alive. To celebrate a new season or a new harvest

3. All three reunite families. Christmas and Kwanzaa also bring together friends and members of the community. Spring Festival is tied to the lunar calendar while Christmas and Kwanzaa are fixed days. Christmas is both a religious and popular celebration while Kwanzaa also honors a specific group of people.

4. Make the students express themselves.

True or False: 1 F 2 T 3 T 4 F 5 F 6 T

（四）總結擴展

Step 6 Summary 小結

Step 7 Homework

Period 3第三節

（一）明確目標

1. Learn about the useful words and expression in the reading text.

2. Get the students to know about Modal Verbs(2)--must, have to, have got to.

3. Read the table in the integrating skills and know more about some festivals.

（二）整體感知

Step 1 Presentation

In this class we’ll first go through the text and learn to use some language points. And then we’ll discuss the exercises together with each other.

In the Spring Festival, something is not allowed. For example, floors may not be swept on the first day of New Year. Anyone who breaks a dish or a glass on this day must quickly say "Peace for all time" to avoid incurring misfortune. So if you want to say it is necessary for someone to do something, you use "must" or "have to". Today we ll learn Grammar-Modal Verbs: must, have to.

（三）教學過程

Step 2 Language points in the reading text

2. Reading

1>The day following Christmas Day, many African-American families get together to greet the new year.

　get together　[用法]聚集

　[聯想]get-together n. 聚會;聯歡會

2>The African-American festivals had many things in common: people would get together to celebrate their harvest.

　have sth in common　[用法]見高一上冊 unit 11

　would　[用法]此處：(表示過去的習慣)總是,總會，常常

　[舉例]He would sit silent for hours.　他常常接連好幾個小時默默地坐著。

3>They used to honour their ancestors, celebrate their past, and the group or society they lived in.

　honour　[用法]n.1. 榮譽;名譽,面子 2.光榮的事或人(+to) 3. 敬意

　　　　vt.1. 使增光;給...以榮譽 2. 尊敬

　[舉例]We fight for the honor of our country.　我們為祖國的榮譽而戰。

　　　　He is an honor to our school.　他是我們學校的光榮。

4>The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture, as well as the new year.

　as well as　[用法]見高一上冊 unit 3

5>We should believe in our family, our people, our teachers and our leaders.

　believe in　[用法]1. 信仰 2. 信任 3. 相信...的效用

　[舉例]Christians believe in Jesus.　基督徒信仰耶穌。

　　　　Jim believes in fresh air and morning exercises.

　　　　吉姆堅信新鮮空氣及早****有益處。

6>People celebrate Kwanzaa can enjoy the spirit of their holidays without all the commercial activities of Christmas.

　commercial　[用法]a.1. 商業的;商務的 2. 營利本位的;商業性的

　　　　n. (電視、廣播中的)商業廣告[C]

　[舉例]a commercial traveller　旅行推銷員　　　　commercial records　商業性的唱片

　　　　The TV show was interrupted by too many commercials.

　　　　那檔電視節目插進的商業廣告太多了,不斷被打斷。

7>People celebrate it by lighting a candle each day and discuss one of the seven principles of Kwanzaa.

　light　[用法]vt.1. 點(火);點燃(+up) 2. 照亮(+up) 3. 使容光煥發(+up)

　　　　vi.1. 點著 2. 變亮

　[舉例]He lit a match.　他劃著了一根火柴。

　　　　The room is brilliantly lighted up and full of guests.　房間里燈火輝煌,賓客濟濟。

　principle　[用法]n. 原則;原理[C]

　[舉例]I take this seriously. It s a matter of principle.　我對此很認真。這是原則問題。

8>Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little and in that way we keep our culture alive.

　Each time　[用法]這里，同 every time，在句中做連詞。類似的用法還有一些，請大家注意積累。

9>Our ancestors celebrated the birth of children by giving away red eggs.

　give away　[用法] 贈送;分發

　[舉例]She gave away all her money to the poor.　她把錢都送給窮人了。

Step 3 Practice: Vocabulary

Answers to the exercise:

1 theme, faith, purpose 2 nations, determination 3 joy, ancestors, birth 4 peace, treated

Step 4 Practice: Grammar

Sample answers to Exercise 1:

1 A soldier must know how to salute.

2 You don't have to kiss every baby on the cheek.

3 Must we look into the eyes of a man to see if he is telling the truth?

4 Must I give my cousin a hug when I meet her if I don't like her?

5 You don't have to nod when you see someone you know.

6 You don't have to shake hands when you greet your best friend.

7 You don't have to get off the bike when you greet someone.

8 You must bow when you are introduced to others. 9 You must take off your hat when you go inside.

Sample answers to Exercise 2:

1 you have got to apologise to your grandma

2 you have got to stay with us

3 you have got to save some of it

5 you have got to do it over again

6 you have got to get up very early

Note: The modal ought, as in You ought to do your homework first, is used more often in British than American English, which prefers should.

（四）總結擴展

Step 5 Summary

Have we ever tiled to make snacks or seen our mother make snacks. Let’s try to write the recipe for your favorite dish. Before writing, you should read Tips first.

Step 6 Homework

Period 4 第四節

（一） 明確目標　

1. Review the language points learnt last period.

2. Do some reading about some festivals.

3. Do some writing to develop the students writing skill.

(二) 整體感知

Step 1 Presentation

Many students like having festivals. But how many festivals do you know in the world? Today we are going to learn about some other festivals and then we should learn how to make our own festivals.

（三）教學過程

Step 1 Question the students on some language points

Step 2 Integrating skills

After fast reading, do the following True-or-False exercises.

1. Our body doesn’t need to refuel if we choose nutritious food for our main meals.

2. Good snacks should come from different food groups and should not have too much fat or sugar.

3. Fruits and vegetables don’t give us any vitamins.

4. Most fruits need cooking.

5. Fruits and vegetables are the only healthy snacks.

參考答案：1. F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5F

Step 3 Listening to the Passage

Now Listen to the reading passage.

Step 4 Reading comprehension

After fast reading, discuss these questions with your partner.

1. We can do a lot of things or organize some activities that improve or protect the environment, for example cleaning up the school yard, picking up trash, planting trees etc.There are several similar festivals or days in China that are devoted to the environment and helping people in the community, e.g. tree-planting day and Lei-Feng Day

2. Have a short discussion.

3. Have a short discussion.

4. Have a short discussion

5. To have “a day off” means to stay at home from work for a day, usually to relax. A “day on” means that although an American doesn’t work that day, they should do something serious to honour the man for whom the holiday is given.

It is not a time for us to rest, but a time to think about and do something important and great.

Give the students some explanations when necessary.

Step 5 Writing

Sample festival creations:

Name of the festival Space Flight day

Date October 15th

Meaning Remembering the unforgettable day when the first manned space flight was successfully made

Principles Creativity collective work unity love

How is the festival celebrated Making model spaceship

The symbol Wearing clothes with five stars

Name of the festival Grandparent’s Day

Date April 15

Meaning To honour the hard work and caring

Principles Respect dignity

How is it celebrated? Children vist or call their grandparents

The symbol The Chinese character for long life

（四）總結擴展

Step 6 Necessary language points

Today we ve done some listening and speaking, and learn how to give advice and some everyday English used between doctors and patients.

3. Integrating skills

1>It is the reminder that we need to care about the world we live in.

　reminder　[用法]n.[C]1. 提醒者,提醒物,令人回憶的東西

　　　　　　 2. 提示,幫助記憶的記號

2>The festival honours both the living and the dead.

　the living and the dead　[用法]the+形容詞表示一類

3>It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life.

　cycle　[用法]n.[C]1. 周期;循環;一轉 2. 整個系列;整個過程 3. 腳踏車;摩托車

　　　　vi./vt. (使)循環,輪轉 vi.　騎腳踏車(或摩托車)

　[舉例]The seasons of the year make a cycle.　　一年四季構成一個循環。

　　　　I cycled to the beach.　 我騎車去海灘。

4>Our friends play tricks on us and try to fool us.

　trick　[用法]n. 1. 詭計;騙局;謀略;花招 2. 惡作劇 3.戲法,把戲;特技,妙計

　　　　vt./vi.1. 哄騙

　[舉例]He got into the castle by a trick.　他耍了個花招混進了城堡。

　　　　Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language.

　　　　每天練習是學會一門外語的訣竅。

　　　　No one understood how I did the card trick.

　　　　誰也沒有看出來我是怎樣玩紙牌戲法的。

5>If a person is taken in, he or she is called April Fool .

　take in　[用法]1. 讓...進入;接受 2. （此處）欺騙

Step 7 Homework

Period 5 第五節

（一）明確目標

1. Do some listening to improve the students listening ability.

2. Making simple dialogues to train the students speaking ability.

（二）整體感知

Step 1 Presentation

Today we come to the Workbook and do the listening comprehension and also do some talking practice.

（三）教學過程

Step 2 Listening comprehension

LISTENING TEXT:

Part 1

It was two days before the Christmas holiday. Our teacher asked us to write about the best Christmas we had ever had. Before we started writing, we discussed the ,topic in groups.

MIKE: The best thing about Christmas is the gifts! I always write a long wish list. This year I want a new basketball, a pair of shoes, a CD, a guitar, a ...

SHAWN: Oh, come on Mike, that's not what Christmas is about. It's true we like to get and give gifts, but don't you like to get together with your family?

MIKE: Oh, yeah, I love the dinner. We always have lots of great food: turkey and chocolate pie. Oh, and...

LAURA: Mike! That's enough. I think what SHA WN means is that Christmas is a time to be together with your family and friends. Now, SHAWN, what's your favourite Christmas memory?

SHAWN : My favourite Christmas was when I was eight years old. My grandparents came two days before Christmas Day and we went skating on the lake together. On Christmas Eve, we had a picnic in the snow by the lake. It was great!

Part 2

SHAWN: What about you, LAURA? What's your favourite Christmas memory?

LAURA: My favourite Christmas was last year. My dad had been away for three months, working in another city. Mum and I were very sad, because he had called and told us that he wouldn't be able to come home for Christmas. We tried to make the best of it. Mum and I invited our grandparents and we had dinner together. In the evening, we called dad and talked for a long time. I could hear that. dad was very sad, too, though he tried to sound happy.

SHAWN: That doesn't sound like a good Christmas at all. Why do you say that it's your favourite Christmas?

LAURA: Well, because of what happened later. My dad returned in March. I was in school the day he arrived, and mum hadn't told me that he was coming. When I got home from school, our house was decorated with Christmas lights and even some snow. I ran into the house and there was a big Christmas tree in the living room. Mum and Dad were waiting for me and we had a great Christmas party that evening. That was the best Christmas ever - even if it wasn't really Christmas at all.

MIKE: Now I understand what you mean when you say that Christmas is not just about getting gifts.

Suggested answers to the exercises:

Part 1: IC 2A 3B 4C

Part 2: 1 Laura's father was working in another city.

2 They invited Laura's grandparents and tried to make the best of the situation.

3 Laura' s father came home and arranged a surprise Christmas party.

Step 3 Talking practice

Step 4 Sample talking

A: OK, let's begin. We are going on a holiday together and we have to decide where to go and what to do. Let each of us tell the group where we want to go and why: Can you start, please?

B: Yes. I think that the best way to celebrate is to have dinner at a restaurant and then go singing because we should have some fun. A holiday is a good time to eat together and we all like singing, so I think this is what we should do. And, if we eat at a restaurant, we don't have to cook or wash dishes.

D: I agree that we should have fun, but I'm not so sure that going to a restaurant is such a good idea. I think we should stay home and invite our friends and family to dinner. We should spend our holiday at home, with the people we love, not go out to some restaurant. Besides, cooking together is fun and we can make dumplings and help each other do the dishes.

C Well, I think we should go on a trip to Mt Taishan and go hiking in the mountain. We don't have that many chances to go on a trip, so I think we should go now. We would get some exercise and some fresh air, and we would see all the wonderful sights.

A: But that's too expensive. I like the idea of spending the holiday outdoors, but we don't have to travel that far. The buses and train_ are going to be crowded, anyway, and we won't be able to enjoy the trip. Why don't we go to the park and have a picnic. If we have a picnic, we can enjoy a good meal and nature at the same time, and we may meet some interesting people. It's not as expensive as travelling or going to a restaurant, and it's more fun than staying at home.

B: Well, let's see. I want to go to a restaurant, you want to have dinner at home, you want to go on a trip and you want to have a picnic in the park. So, we all want to eat, right?

(B summarizes the discussion and the students continue the discussion, trying to find the best possible compromise or solution.)

Step 5 Summary 小結

Step 7 Homework

Period 6 第六節

（一）明確目標

1. Discuss all the answers to the exercises in the Workbook.

2. Learn to use the grammar knowledge

3. Further develop the students’ writing skills.

（二）整體感知

Step 1 Presentation

In the class

（三）教學過程

Step 2 Vocabulary

Answers to Exercise 1:

1 = faith 2 = cheeks 3 = destruction 4 = nation 5 = kiss 6 = invitation 7 = ancestor 8 = salute

The circled letters form the word "festival."

Answers to Exercise 2:

Words with similar meaning:

I honour I respect 2 purpose I intention 3 argument I discussion.

Words with opposite meaning:

1 peace I fight 2 joy I sorrow 3 destruction I construction.

Answers to Exercise 3:

I In northern China, especially in the countryside, people celebrate the New Year by dressing up in ancient costumes and going on parades.

2 The celebration of Earth Day can be a reminder that we need to care about the world around us and respect life and nature.

3 Be careful on April 1 st, because your friends may play a trick on you. If you are taken in, you'll be called "April Fool!"

4 What's the purpose' of celebrating the "World Environment Day"?

5 On "Peace Day", no fighting or conflicts are allowed.

6 Many people still believe that when a person dies he starts a new cycle of life.

Step 3 Grammar

Answers to Exercise 1:

1 mustn't forget 2 mustn't shout 3 must help 4 mustn't ask 5 mustn't go 6 must finish

7 mustn't tell 8 must get 9 mustn't cross 10 mustn't accept 11 mustn't speak 12 must return

Answers to Exercise 2:

1 We have got to leave now; it is getting late.

2 You have got to accept the small gift; it would be impolite not to do so.

3 You have got to call a taxi; we must be / get home before six o' clock.

4 I'm afraid we have got to walk home; our car won't start.

5 You have got to carry your luggage yourself; there is no one here to help you.

6 I have got to take a hot bath when I get home; I want to get warm.

Answers to Exercise 3:

2 I have to wear sunglasses and a hat to protect myself from the sun.

3 We have to put up a tent / tents.

4 We have to prepare / cook our own meal.

5 We have to' wash ourselves and brush our teeth every day.

6 We have to bring tools / a tool box so that we can repair things that are broken.

Step 4 Integrating skills

We have learnt how to give advice. Now let’s try to write letters giving advice. Here in our textbook there are letters asking for some advice. Read them quickly, then write down four pieces of advice for each of them using "had better (not) , "ought (not) to or should (not) .

Many students like having snacks. Is the habit good or bad? Let s read “Snacks".

Step 5 Listening to the Passage

Listen to the reading passage.

Step 6 Reading comprehension

After fast reading, do the following True-or-False exercises.

What is each paragraph about?

Para.1. Harvest festivals in Africa

Para.2. Harvest festival in India – Onam

Para.3. Chu Suk is a kind of harvest festival in Korea

Para.4. Chinese harvest festival – The Mid-Autumn Festival

Para.5. Harvest festivals are still popular all over the world

1. Why do people celebrate harvest festivals?

To give thanks for the year that has passed and for the harvest and to welcome the new season.

Different festivals have different themes, such as the Onam festival with its flowers and the story about the king and Chu Suk which also celebrates our ancestors.

2. What is the story behind Onam?

An ancient king was so beloved by his people that the gods became jealous and sent him away. To keepthe people from being too angry, the gods allowed the king to return once a year to celebrate Onam with his people.

2. 1 T 2 F 3 F 4 T 5 T

3 Compare the festivals described in the text. What are some similarities and differences?

Similarities:

They are all harvest festivals; they all celebrate life and they all have special foods and ways to celebrate.

Differences:

They are celebrated at different times; Onam is based on a story; during Chu Suk, people visit their ancestors’ graves.

* 4 Work in groups. Some festivals, like Christmas, the Chinese Spring Festival and Ramadan, are celebrated in many countries and are becoming more popular. Why are these festivals spreading around the world?

Christmas

Where is it celebrated?

Europe, the US, also sometimes in China

Why is it spreading?

People like the story about Santa Claus; businesses like to make money by selling Christmas things

Who celebrates it? Christians, mainly, but also people who simply enjoy the festival

Spring Festival

Where is it celebrated?

China, other Asian countries, also Europe and the US

Why is it spreading?

People like the colourful celebration and the rich tradition; Chinese 'people live all around the world

Who celebrates it?

Chinese people, mainly, but also people who simply enjoy the festival

Ramadan

Where is it celebrated?

The Middle East, Northern Africa, also Europe, Asia and the US

Why is it spreading?

People like the ideas behind the festival; people ,are interested in Islamic culture

Who celebrates it?

Mainly Muslims, but also people who simply enjoy the festival

Step 7 Sample writng

Dear Julie:

Thank you for your letter. I will try to help you. ,I can tell you about the Spring Festival in China. The Spring F estival is the biggest festival in China. It is usually celebrated in early February, but the actual dates are different every year. The reason why the dates are different is that the Festival is based on a different calendar, the lunar calendar. The Spring Festival/begins on the day before the new year in this calendar and lasts for 15 days. The most important day is New Years Day. Families get together on New Year’s Eve and have a big meal. During the festival, we visit friends and have fun together. Most parents give their children a red envelope with some money in it. People celebrate the festival to welcome the new year and to show their love for their family and friends. In my family, we enjoy preparing for the festival. We cook together and we each have a special task. My job is to put up the traditional scrolls. These are two large, red pieces of paper with a Spring Festival poem written on them. I put one on each side of our front door. I have many happy memories of the Spring Festival - it is a happy time of the year and I always enjoy 'spending time with my family. I hope this will help you write about the Spring Festival.

Sincerely,

Xiaojun

Picture 1 (Yuanxiao, Chinese Lantern Festival)

The Lantern Festival is celebrated on the 15th day of the flfst year of the Chinese lunar calendar. The festival ends the New Year's celebration. It is a fun festival. People carry lanterns and go into the streets at night to watch lion or dragon dances, play games and light firecrackers. Yuanxiao, a sweet dumpling made of rice flour, is the traditional food eaten during the festival. In Chinese, the festival is named after the dumpling, which is said to represent family unity and happiness (because it is sticky, round and sweet).

Picture 2 (Dai Water-Sprinkling Festival)

The Dai minority in Yunnan celebrate the Water-Sprinkling Festival in the middle of April. The festival celebrates the Dai Lunar New Year and lasts for three days. There are dragon races and fireworks displays on the flfst day and a fair on the second day. At the fair, young lovers throw love pouches to each other. The third day is the actual water-sprinkling day; people splash water on each other to wash away illnesses and bad luck and bring good luck for the coming year.

Picture 3 (Dragon Boat Festival)

Hundreds of beautifully decorated dragon boast take to river to celebrate the memory of the great poet Qu Yuan.

In rivers across the country, dragon races are held on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar. The festival is also a time to eat Zongzi, a traditional dish of rice and fruit wrapped in bamboo leaves. According to the story of Qu Yuan, people would throw Zongzi into the water so that the fish would eat the rice instead of the poet. The festival is also celebrated to protect people from bad luck and illnesses. Healthy herbs are sometimes hung on the front door and nutritious drinks are prepared. Some people believe that if an egg is balanced on its end at exactly 12:00 noon, it means that the coming year will be good.

Picture 4 (Losar, Tibetan New Year)

Losar, or the Tibetan New Year, is celebrated on the 25th day of the 10th month of the Tibetan calendar. The festival lasts for a week and is a time for giving thanks. On the last day of the year, people clean their houses and prepare for the new year. On the 29th day of the last month, houses are cleaned, washed and painted as part of the Gutor festival. At dawn on New Year's Day, Tibetans go to visit holy places and hang flags over their homes. Many families will go for picnics and visit friends and family. The festival lasts well over two weeks, but the first four days are for small family feasts. When the family gathers at home for the New Year celebration, they eat a special bread called tab-zan.

（四）總結擴展

Step 5 Summary

Have we ever tiled to make snacks or seen our mother make snacks. Let’s try to write the recipe for your favorite dish. Before writing, you should read Tips first.

4. Workbook

1>It is likely that people have celebrated harvest festivals even since they began to plant and gather food.

　likely　[用法]a.1. 很可能的[+to-v][+that] 2. 適當的,正合要求的[(+for)]

　[舉例]John is likely to be in London this autumn.　今年秋天約翰可能在倫敦。

　　　　The park is a likely place for the picnic.　這公園倒是個適合野餐的地方。

2>On each day there is a special event: a parade of elephants, fireworks and dances.

　parade　[用法]n. 行進,行列,游行[C]

　　　　vt. 在...游行,在...列隊行進

　　　　vi. 游行,列隊行進

　[舉例]A parade was held on New Year s Day.　元旦那天舉行了游行。

3>The boats used are beautifully painted and decorated with flowers.

　decorate　[用法]vt./vi. 裝飾,修飾

　[舉例]The great hall was decorated with flowers.　大廳里裝飾著花朵。

4>The king is so popular that the gods become jealous and send him away.

　jealous　[用法]a. 妒忌的(+of)

　[舉例]He was jealous of his friend s reputation.　他妒忌朋友的聲譽。

　　　　Why is he so jealous?　他為何這么會妒忌?

5>A very special event takes place the night before ChuSuk.

　take place　[用法]用法見高一上冊 unit 4

6>...the yearly festivals represent our love for family, friends and life.

　yearly　[用法]a. 每年的,一年一次的 ad. 每年;一年一度

　[舉例]I make a yearly trip to the mountains.　　我每年進一次山。

　　　　Interest is paid yearly.　利息一年支付一次。

Step 7 Homework

Period 7 第七節

1． 檢查本單元單詞、短語及相關句型。

2． 講評統一布置的課外基礎練習。