東北育才學校：趙志強
Unit 11 Scientific Achievements
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. likely adj. 很可能的,預期的
John is likely to be in London this autumn.
今年秋天約翰可能在倫敦。
It is likely that the main lecturer will be late. 主講人很可能遲到。
2. overseas adv.1. 在(或向)海外;在(或向)國外
Studying overseas is very popular now. 在國外學習很流行。
adj. (在)海外的;(在)國外的
an overseas market 國外市場
3. rely on 依靠，依賴
You can't rely on the weather. 這天氣可靠不住。
You may rely on me to help you. 你可以信賴我會幫助你的。
4. locate vt .把...設置在,使...坐落于,找出…的位置
The company located its branch office in the suburbs.該公司把它的分公司設在郊區。
The museum is located on Main Street. 博物館位于梅茵街。
The police are trying to locate the missing man. 警方正設法查明那個失蹤者的下落。
5. announce vt.宣布,發布
The vote was completed. The chairman announced the result.
投票完畢。主席宣布了結果。
6. have …in common 共同的;共有的
Those two have something in common.兩者有共同之處。
Unit 12 Fact and Fantasy
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. voyage n. 航海,航行, 太空旅行
The voyage from America to France used to take two months. 從美國到法國的航行過去要花二個月時間。
2. throw light upon 闡明某事，使某事顯得非常清楚
Their discovery throw new light upon an old scientific controversy. 他們的發現闡明了一個古老的科學爭論。
3. hesitate vi. 躊躇;猶豫
Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once.
對于那件事不要再猶豫了。馬上去做吧。
4. horror n. 恐怖,震驚,毛骨悚然
She sat motionlessly with horror.
她驚恐地呆坐著。
Adj. 引起恐怖的
Children should not see the horror movie. 兒童不該看恐怖電影。
5. remind vt. 提醒;使想起（常用搭配：remind sb of sth, remind sb to do sth, remind sb that）
I reminded Gerald of his promise. 我提醒吉羅德他曾許下的諾言。
6. consider vt. 考慮,細想(常用搭配：consider doing sth)
We're considering moving to Seattle. 我們考慮搬往西雅圖。
認為;把...視為 (常用搭配：consider sb/sth to be /as….)
Jean considered herself (to be) very lucky.
瓊認為自己非常幸運。
7. set up, set out, set off
Set up 建立 set out 出發,開始 set off 出發去
A new government was set up after the war.新政府于戰后成立。
They set out at dawn. 他們黎明時分出發。
They set off for Denver. 他們出發去丹佛。
Unit 13 The Water Planet
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. benefit n.利益,好處;優勢
The new hospital will be a great benefit to the town.
新建成的醫院將給全城帶來莫大好處。
vt. 對...有益,有益于
The sea air will benefit you. 海邊的空氣對你有益。
vi. 得益,受惠（常用搭配：benefit from…）
We benefited greatly by this frank talk. 這次坦率的談話使我們獲益匪淺。
2. available adj. 可用的,在手邊的;可利用的
The swimming pool is available only in summer.
這個游泳池只在夏天開放。
3. range vi. 平行; 列成一行,綿亙, 延伸
The shabby houses used to range along the road. 過去這路邊破敗的房子排成行。
The road ranges westward from the lake. 這條路由湖邊向西延伸。
(在一定范圍內) 變動, 變化
The temperature ranges between 30 and 40 degrees centigrade. 溫度在攝氏三十度與四十度之間。
4. take advantage of利用, 欺騙;占...的便宜
He took advantage of the good weather to go for a walk.
他趁著天氣好,出去散散步。
He has always been taking advantage of me. 他老是占我的便宜。
5. survive . vt. 在...之后仍然生存,從...中逃生
Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 這次飛機失事只有兩名乘客幸免于死。
vi. 活下來,幸存;殘留
Few survived after the flood. 洪水后極少有人生還。
6. incredible 不能相信的,不可信的,難以置信的
The plot of the book is incredible. 這本書的情節叫人難以相信。
7. dissolve vt./vi. 分解 . (使)溶解;(使)融化
Water dissolves salt. 水溶解鹽。
Sugar dissolves in water. 糖溶于水。
8. medium手段,工具
English is not the usual medium of instruction in our school.英語不是我校通常使用的教學語言。
新聞媒介,傳播媒介
A good deal of adult education is accomplished by the mass media.成人教育的相當一部分是由大眾傳播媒介完成的。
Unit 14 Freedom Fighters
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. join vt. 參加;作...的成員
I'll persuade him to join our club.我將勸他加入我們的俱樂部。
連結;使結合
He joined the two pieces of wood together with glue.他用膠水將這兩塊木料粘在一起。
2. forbid vt. 禁止,不許 (常用搭配：forbid doing, forbid sb to do )
The new law forbids smoking in offices.新法律禁止在辦公室抽煙。
Their father forbade them to go.他們的父親禁止他們去。
3. set an example to 樹立榜樣
She arrived at the office early to set an example to
the others. 她很早就來到辦公室,作為他人的表率。
4. boycott vt. 聯合抵制;拒絕參加(或購買等);
They boycotted the meeting. 他們拒絕參加那個會議。
n.聯合抵制;拒絕參加
We put the production under a boycott. 我們聯合抵制該商品。
5. inspire vt.鼓舞,激勵,驅使,賦予...靈感,給...以啟示
His speech inspired us to try again. 他的演講鼓舞了我們再作嘗試。
The beautiful scenery inspired the composer. 美麗的景色使作曲家靈思泉涌。
6. believe in 與believe 的區別
Believe in : 信任； believe : 相信
I don't believe a single word he
says. 他的話我一句也不信。
We believe in him. 我們信任他。
7. judge vt. 裁判;評定;裁決
You can't judge a book by its cover. 你不能根據封面來評價一本書。
Judging by/from what he said, he seems to have interviewed the chairman. 根據他所說的判斷，他似乎已經會見過主席了。
8. act vt.扮演
He acted Othello at the Royal Theater that evening. 那天晚上他在皇家劇院扮演奧賽羅。
vi. 行動, 舉止,表現
We should act immediately. 我們應該立即行動。
I don't think she acted right. 我認為她做得欠妥。
語法快遞 復習被動語態
被動語態表示主語是謂語動作的承受者，如：A new swimming pool will be built on our school.
被動語態的形式是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱，數，時態和語氣的不同而變化。各種時態的被動語態形式如下：
1. 一般現在時 am/is/are+V(p.p)
人們利用電能運轉機器。Electricity is used to run machines.
2. 一般過去時 was/were + V(p.p)
昨天我們在山坡上種了許多樹。Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.
3. 一般將來時 will/shall +be+V(p.p)
下星期我們將舉行一場運動會。A sports meeting will be held next week.
4. .過去將來時 should/would +be+V(p.p)
他告訴我們人們將在他家鄉建一個大水壩。We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown.
Unit 15 Destinations
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. phenomenon 現象 （復數形式是：phenomena）
The employment problem tends to be a city phenomenon.
就業問題常常是一個城市現象。
2. get tired of 對。。。感到厭倦；對。。。失去興趣
I’ve got tired of listening to your criticisms. 我厭煩了每天聽你的批評。
3. guarantee n. 保證;商品保證;保證書
The TV set has a year's guarantee. 這架電視機有一年的保修期。
vt. . 保證;擔保
Perfect satisfaction is guaranteed to our customers. 保證我們的顧客完全滿意。
4. budget n 預算;預算費;生活費,經費
It is essential to balance one's budget. 量入為出是很重要的。
vt. 把...編入預算;按照預算來計劃
The school budgeted one million dollars for a new library. 學校編列了一百萬美元建新圖書館的預算。
5. sight n.視覺,視力，視界,視域，看見,目睹，景色 名勝
I'll have my sight tested tomorrow. 我明天去檢查視力。
Victory is in sight. 勝利在望。
The girl dreaded the sight of snakes.那女孩害怕看到蛇。
You cannot understand a person at first sight. 你不能第一次見面就了解一個人。
6. scene、scenery、sight和view 的異同
scene、scenery、sight和view 都有景象的含義。
scene指展現在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活動在內。如：The scene after the earthquake was horrible.地震后的場景十分可怕。scenery指某地總的自然風景或景色，尤指美麗的鄉間景色。如：The scenery as one travels by boat along the Changjiang Three Gorges is marvelous.坐船游覽長江三峽的時候，兩岸的風景美不勝收。sight則既可以指場景、眼前看到的景觀，又可以指名勝、風景，只是在表示后者的含義時，必須要用復數。如：a sad sight悲慘的場景see the historical sights of London游覽倫敦的名勝古跡。它與view或者scenery最大的不同就在于當sight指景物時，多指某的特有的名勝。view常指從遠處或高處看到的scenery的一部分，有時可與scene互換。如：The mountain hotel offered magnificent views.從山間旅行社可以看到壯麗的景觀。
6. a variety of種種 （也可以寫成：varieties of）
He has a variety of interests. 他有多種愛好。
7. prefer vt.寧可,寧愿(選擇);更喜歡（常用搭配：prefer to do sth, prefer doing sth, prefer to do sth rather than do sth, prefer doing sth to doing sth）
I prefer the quiet countryside to the noisy cities. 我喜歡安靜的鄉村勝過喧鬧的城市。
I prefer to travel to different places rather than stay at home peacefully. 我喜歡到不同的地方旅行，而不是平靜地呆在家里。
Unit 16 The United States of America
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. aim vt. 把...瞄準;把...對準擲向[(+at)]
He aimed the gun at the door. 他把槍對準那扇門。
vi. 瞄準,對準，致力于, (常用搭配：aim at aim to do sth)
The hunter aimed at the lion and fired. 獵人瞄準了獅子開火。
We aim at doubling our production. 我們的目標是將生產增加一倍。
n.目標,目的
It is now our aim to set up a factory. 我們現在的目的是創辦一座工廠。
2. vain a. 愛虛榮的,自負的,炫耀的
She is vain and extravagant. 她既愛虛榮又奢侈。
徒然的,無益的
They made vain attempts to reach the mountaintop.
他們幾次徒然嘗試想攀登山頂。
in vain 無結果，徒然
All our work was in vain. 我們的工作全都白干了。
3. insist vt. 堅持;堅決認為
She insisted that he was wrong. 她堅持認為他錯了。
vt. 堅決主張;堅決要求
Jane insisted that he be present. 珍堅持要他出席。
vi.. 堅持,堅決認為;強調
He insisted on/upon my going with him. 他堅持要我跟他一起去。
I insist on seeing it. 我一定要見到它。
4. clothing n. (總稱)衣服,衣著
Our clothing protects us from the cold. 衣服幫我們御寒。
Clothing, clothes, cloth，dress的區別：
cloth是物質名詞，意為"布"，沒有復數形式，而clothing是指衣物的總稱，也沒有復數形式。clothes是指衣服，但沒有單數形式，如：
This clothing is needed in warm countries.在溫暖的國家需要這種服裝。
Her clothes are made of fine cloth. 他的衣服是由高質量的布制成。
英文中的dress則指較正規的服裝，如：a school dress 校服，an evening dress晚禮服。
5 in turn 轉而，反過來，輪流
The girls called out their names in turn. 女孩們逐個報出自己的名字。
Listening to English as much as possible can improve one’s hearing, which in turn can improve his speaking. 盡可能多聽英語可以提高聽力能力，轉而提高口語能力。
6 have an effect on 對。。。有影響
As is known to all, pollution has a bad effect on the city. 眾所周知，污染對城市有壞影響。
Unit 17 Disabilities
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. ability n. 能力;才能(常用搭配：ability to do sth)
She did the work to the best of her ability. 她已盡了力去做那件工作了。
2. gifted a.有天資的,有天賦的
He is a gifted athlete.他是個有天賦的運動員。
3. adjust to vt. 調節;改變...以適應 ,校準;調整
She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必須學會適應英國的生活。
vi. 適應(常用搭配：adjust to sth)
Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness. 宇航員在飛行中得適應失重狀態。
4. get used to 習慣于
She is used to hard work.
她習慣于艱苦工作。
注意：在be/get used to 句型中，to 是介詞，所以后面一定要用名詞或動詞的-ing 形式。
5. sense 意識，觀念，感官，官能
She has no sense of time. 她沒有時間觀念。
Your brother has a good sense of humor. 你兄弟很有幽默感。
6. participate vi.參加,參與（常用搭配：participate in）
No professionals participated in the contest. 沒有職業選手參加這一比賽。
7. potential adj. 潛在的,可能的
The dispute has scared away potential investors. 這一爭端嚇走了潛在的投資者。
n.可能性;潛力,潛能
She has acting potential, but she needs training. 她有表演潛力,但需要訓練。
復習直接賓語和間接賓語
有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個賓語通常一個指人，為間接賓語；一個指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。
一般的順序為：動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語。如：Give me a cup of tea, please.
強調間接賓語順序為：動詞 + 直接賓語 + to + 間接賓語。如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.
若直接賓語為人稱代詞：動詞+ 代詞直接賓語 + to + 間接賓語。如：Bring it to me, please.
在間接賓語的前面，不同的動詞用不同的介詞，有的用to , 有的用for.常用to 的動詞是：bring, give, hand, lend, mail pass, read, tell, send, show, sell, throw, write, teach 等。而常用for 的動詞有：buy, cook, do, find, get, make等。
如：Hand the salt to me, please. 請把鹽遞給我。
She teaches English to advanced students. 她教高水平學生的英語。
She promised to lend some books to me. 她承諾要借我一些書。
Remember to write letters to me. 記得給我寫信。
Unit 18 Inventions
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. allow vt. 允許,準許(常用搭配：allow doing sth, allow sb to do sth)
Swimming is not allowed at this beach. 這片海灘禁止游泳。
She allowed us to smoke. 她允許我們抽煙。
Allow for 顧及，為。。。做準備
We'd better start earlier. We should allow for traffic delays.
我們還是早些動身為好。我們要考慮到路上交通會有耽擱。
2. reject vt. 拒絕,抵制
The plan was rejected. 該計劃遭拒絕。
3. stick n.棍,棒,杖;手杖
Grandpa still walks without a stick. 爺爺走路仍不拄拐杖。
vt. 粘貼;張貼 伸,伸出
They stuck the notice on the wall. 他們把通知貼在墻上。
Don't stick your head out of the train window. 不要把頭伸出火車窗外面。
被...難住; 被困住
Have you got stuck over your algebra? 你的代數題做不下去了吧?
4. aware adj.知道的,察覺的 (常用搭配：be aware of, be aware+ that )
I am well aware that this is a tough job.
我深知這是一件棘手的工作。
She was not aware of having done wrong.
她沒有意識到做錯了事。
5. application n. 應用,適用;運用
Biology has practical applications. 生物學有實用性。
申請,請求;申請書
I made an application for a loan. 我申請一筆貸款。
6. strategy n. 戰略;戰略學
He is an expert in military strategy. 他是軍事戰略專家。
策略,計謀;對策
The government adopted a strategy of massive deflation. 政府采取了大規模緊縮通貨的策略。
Unit 19 The Merchant of Venice
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. give up 放棄,戒絕
The girl gave up halfway.這女孩中途放棄。
I wish I could give up drinking.我真希望自己能戒酒。
2. may/might as well (強調的勸告)不妨;最好
You may as well stay here for a few days. 你最好在這里停留幾天。
3. offer vt. 主動給予,提供;
He offered me a glass of wine. 他端給我一杯酒。
They offered to help me. 他們表示愿意幫助我。
He offered to lend me some books.
他表示要借給我幾本書。
3. 出(價);開(價)
We offered him the calculator for US$50.
這計算器我們向他開價五十美元。
n. 提供,提議
Thank you for your kind offer of help. 感謝你想給予幫助的好意。
4. hope for 希望，盼望
Leaders hope for peace and stability in Iraq. 領導者希望伊拉克和平穩定。
5. envy n. 妒忌;羨慕vt. 妒忌;羨慕
She said it out of envy. 她出于嫉妒說了這話。
妒忌的對象;羨慕的目標
His talent is the envy of his colleagues. 他的同事都羨慕他的才能。
I envy you your good luck. 我羨慕你的好運。
6. versus prep. (法律和運動用語,常略作v.或vs.)對;對抗
The big match tonight is England versus Spain.
今晚的大賽是英格蘭對西班牙。
Robinson versus Brown
魯賓遜對布朗的訴訟
prep. 與...相對
the problem of mercy versus revenge
饒恕與復仇相抗衡的問題
Unit 20 Archaeology
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. date back to , date from 從。。開始，起源于，上溯到
The Sanxingdui site is said to date back to 5000 years ago.
三星堆遺址據說開始于５０００年前。
2. in terms of 就...而論;在...方面
In terms of money, he's quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.
就錢來說他很富有,但就幸福來說就不然了。
3. root n. (植物的)根; 根;根基;本質
These plants have very deep roots. 這些植物的根長得很深。
This is the root cause of poverty. 這是貧窮的根本原因。
vi.生根 根源在于,來源于
Some plants root easily. 有些植物容易生根成長。
The crime rooted in his greed for money. 這一犯罪行為起因于他對金錢的貪得無厭。
4. survive vt.. 在...之后仍然生存,從...中逃生
Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 這次飛機失事只有兩名乘客幸免于死。
vi. 活下來,幸存;殘留
Few survived after the flood. 洪水后極少有人生還。
5. serve as vt. 為...服務;為...服役，侍候(顧客等);供應(飯菜)，充當
Children must be educated to serve their country when they grow up.
必須教育孩子長大后為國家服務。
She served me a cup of coffee. 她給我端上一杯咖啡。
The room served as an operation room temporarily. 那間屋子臨時充當手術室。
6. tend to vi. 1. 走向;趨向
Old people tend to get fat.
老年人容易發胖。
He tends towards selfishness.
他有自私自利的傾向。
7. proven a. 被證明的
Truth is something proven by experiment, so nothing should be taken for granted. 真理是要被實踐證明的，所以沒有什么東西可以想當然。
語法快遞 it 用法
it的用法
（1）用作人稱代詞，代替前文提出到的無生命的事物，動植物、嬰兒及指示代詞this, that，如，
I have a new pen. It is beautiful. 我有一只新鋼筆，它很好看。
The Browns have a new baby. It's cute. 布朗一家新生了一個小孩，很可愛。
（2）用來表示時間、天氣、距離等，如，
It's twelve o'clock now. 現在12點了。
It's fine today. 今天天氣很好。
語法總復習1----情態動詞
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
復習情態動詞
１．表示可能性的情態動詞
may 和might用來推測現在“可能”，may 比might表示的可能性大些。may通常只用于陳述句中。例如：
--It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能下雨。
用may 表示“可能”一般不用于疑問句，在疑問句中通常用can表示。例如：
--Can they have missed the bus? --Yes, they may have.
他們可能錯過了公共汽車嗎？是的。
２．表示能力的情態動詞
can可表示某人具有某種特定技巧、（潛在）能力或通過感官意識到某物。 could表示某人過去具有某種技巧、（潛在）能力或意識。
-Some people can ski better than others. 有些人滑雪比其他人好。
Everyone in the village could hear her voice. 村子里每個人都能聽見她的聲音。
be able to/be unable to不僅有現在時、過去時，還可有將來時、現在完成時、不定式、動詞-ing形式等。例如：
Our baby will be able to walk in a few weeks. 我們的嬰兒幾周后就能走路了。
Since his accident he hasn’t been able to leave the house. 自從事故后，他就不能離開房子了。
３. 表示肯定推測的情態動詞
must用于推測時，表示“一定”、“肯定”，表明說話人認為的可能性很大。一般只用于肯定陳述句中。否定形式用can’t，表示“一定不”“肯定不”
如： Oh, you must be Sylvia’s husband. 你一定是西爾薇亞的丈夫。
語法總復習2- - -被動語態
被動語態表示主語是謂語動作的承受者，如：A new swimming pool will be built on our school.
被動語態的形式是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱，數，時態和語氣的不同而變化。各種時態的被動語態形式如下：
1. 一般現在時 am/is/are+V(p.p)
人們利用電能運轉機器。Electricity is used to run machines.
2. 一般過去時 was/were + V(p.p)
昨天我們在山坡上種了許多樹。Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.
3. 一般將來時 will/shall +be+V(p.p)
下星期我們將舉行一場運動會。A sports meeting will be held next week.
4. .過去將來時 should/would +be+V(p.p)
他告訴我們人們將在他家鄉建一個大水壩。We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown.
5. 現在進行時 am/is/are +being+V(p.p)
他正在油漆房子。A house is being painted.
6. 過去進行時 was/were +being+V(p.p)
當我進廚房時，她正在做蛋糕。A cake was being made when I came into the kitchen.
7. 現在完成時 have/has +been+V(p.p)
他已經結束工作了。He has finished his work. His work has been finished.
8. 過去完成時 had +been+V(p.p)
到上個月為止，他們已經把這本書翻譯成了英語。
The book had been translated into English by the end of last month.
9. 將來完成時will have +been+V(p.p)
2,000 words will have been learned by the end of next year.
10. 帶情態動詞的被動語態 由情態動詞+be+V(p.p)”構成。如：
The machine must be operated with care.
注意：主動形式表示被動意義的情況
Habits are easy to make but hard to break . (Habits是to make、to break的邏輯賓語 ) 。習慣容易養成，但很難改變。
She only has a small cold room to live in . (不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞的賓語，而句子的主語也是不定式的邏輯主語時 ) 她只有一間寒冷的斗室可以容身。
The bike needs repairing ( = to be repaired在動詞want、need、require等后面常用動名詞表示被動含義，等于不定式的被動形式。) . 自行車需要修理了。
This novel is well worth reading. (worth后跟動名詞主動形式表示被動)這本小說很值得閱讀。
A big fire happened / took place / broke out last night . (不及物動詞沒有被動語態)
How sweet the music sounds ! （感官動詞 用主動形式表示被意思。）
The book sells well . (write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主動形式表被動意義)這本書銷路很好。
語法總復習3------非謂語動詞
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
非謂語動詞
動詞的非謂語形式有三種：不定式、動名詞和分詞．
(一)不定式
不定式由“ to十動詞原形”構成，其否定形式是“ not to do”．不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數的變化，但有時態和語態的變化．不定式可作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨作謂語．不定式的邏輯主語有時用“ for十名詞或代詞賓格”構成．
1．不定式的用法：
l)作主語． To see is to believe．眼見為實。
2)作賓語． He wanted to go． 他想走開。
I find it interesting to study work with him.我發現和他一起工作很有趣。
3)作賓語補足語． He asked me to do the work with him. 他請我和他一起工作。
4)作定語．I have some books for you to read． 我有一些書給你讀。
5)作狀語，表示目的、原因、結果或條件．
I came here to see you．我到這里來看你。(目的)
We were very excited to hear the news．我們聽到消息非常興奮。(原因)
He hurried to the school to find nobody there．他急忙去了學校，結果發現那里沒有人。(結果)
To look at him, you would like him．如果你看見他，你會喜歡他。(條件)
6)作表語． My job is to help the patient．我的工作是幫助患者。
7)作獨立成分．To tell the truth， I don’t agree with you. 說實話，我不同意你。
8)不定式與疑問詞 who，which，when，where，how，what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語、表語、賓語等．例如：
He didn’t know what to say. 他不知道說什么。
（二）動詞的ing 形式。
動詞的ing 形式由動詞十 ing構成;可作主語、賓語、表語和定語，狀語，但是不可以做謂語。
It is no use arguing with him. 和他爭辯是沒有用的。（做主語）
He is fond of playing football．他迷戀足球。（做賓語）
Her job is teaching. 他的工作是教書。（做表語）
He has a reading room. 他有一間閱覽室。（做定語）
Being a student，he was interested in books．作為一名學生，他對書感興趣。（做狀語）
Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well．在大學學習了3年，他對道路很熟悉。（ing 的過去式做狀語）